Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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HEREDITY OF BAND PATTERN IN CLOWN FISH, Amphiprion percula
Get PDFOne of marine ornamental fishes which was succeeded on its breeding, from eggs production to larval and juvenile rearing at Institute for Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol was Clown fish, Amphiprion percula. In local name, the fish also known as Biak Clown fish. In culture development, the fish frequently faced the problem on color pattern which was not meet with export demand. The fish should be bright orange and thin black stripe pattern. In this experiment, analysis was conducted to understand the juvenile color variation produced from 3 pairs broodstock. Larvae and juvenile were reared in the indoor hatchery for 2-3 months,then reared at outdoor tanks for other 3-4 months. Amplification of broodstock and juvenile genoms using specific primer for pigment sequens. Parameters observed on juvenile were classified into three color pattern classes i.e., class I (thick black stripe and disperse), class II(thick black stripe), and class III (thin black stripe). Numbers of juvenile analyzed from its pair broodstock and each class were 2-3 fishes. Color perform similarity coefficient was analyzed molecularly using sequencing. Sequencing process followed: DNA isolation, amplification using gen Tyr primer, purification PCR product and finally DNA sequencing. Sequencing analyses of PCR product, after alignment showed that similarity coefficient of color pattern of class I, II, and III between broodstock and juvenile was only 50 %, and phenotipically, color pattern appeared on juvenile were different than its broodstock. The changes of color perform on Clown fish also affected by interaction between genotype and environment and feed pigment concentration.Keywords: heredity, color pattern, Tyr gene, clown fish, A. percul
IMPLANTATION OF LHRH-a HORMONE TO STIMULATION OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF HUMPBACK GROUPER SECOND GENERATION ( F-2 )
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of LHRH-a hormone implantation on gonadal development of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis 2nd generation (F-2). Individuals used were 20 female grouper fish with weight range of 600-800 gram/fish and total length range of 28.0-30.0 cm. The treatment used 5 fish each with tagging. Grouper fishes were stocked into the 75 m3 circular concrete tank. Hormone of LHRH-a with dosage of 50 μg/kg body weight was used as implant treatment of (A) 1 time,, (B) 2 times, (C) 3 times, and (D) without implant. The results showed that implantation of LHRH-a hormone were significantly stimulate gonad development of humpback grouper second generation (F-2). Treatment of 3 times implant every month showed the best results produced oocyte diameter up to 480 μm, while the control of oocyte diameter only reached <400 μm. Keywords: LHRH-a hormone, implantation, Humpback grouper, gonad developmen
FLUORESCENT LAMP LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE EMBRYOGENESIS DEVELOPMENT AND THE SURVIVAL OF PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada maxima) LARVAE
Get PDFOne of the important factors in determining the success of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) culture is the quality and quantity of larvae produced in brood stock spawning process in the laboratory. Problems were often found in larval rearing and larvae attachment to the substrate that were low in quality and little number of larvae. The study purposes were observe the embryogenesis development and the survival rate of pearl oyster larvae under different fluorescent lamp light intensities. The study was conducted in August 1nd – 30th, 2011 in Sambelia Bumi Gemilang Hamparan Mutiara laboratory, East Lombok. Results revealed that different in light intensities effected the survivorship of the pearl oyster larvae significantly (p<0.01). Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test indicated that the highest survival rate occurred in dark condition (dark treatment) of 38%, followed by intensity of 10 watts (34.67%), 5 watts (30.67%) and 15 watts (4.66%) resfectively Keywords: embryogenesis development, survivorship, pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) larvae, fluorescent lamp light intensit
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IMMERSION METHOD AND TIME ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis) FISH MEAL
Get PDFHigh fat content in a dark fleshed fish can affect on nutritional value because it can lead to odors in fish meal products. Effort Immersion (deffating) is one way to reduce fat content in fish meal products in order to reduce the products from odor. Research on methods and durations of immersion effects were conducted from October to November 2011. This study aimed to determine the best method to get quality materials skipjact tuna fish meal based on methods and durations of immersion. Fish sampling were taken from the village of Latuhalat, Ambon-Maluku waters. Deffating process used water, 3% acetic acid, and 0.8% sodium bicarbonate. Immersion durations were 2, 4, and 6 hours. Deffating method using 0.8% sodium bicarbonate with 6 hours immersion time exhibited the best quality fish meal with protein content of 82.86% and 1.10% fat content. Keywords: deffating, fish meal, skipjact tuna
TRIGLYCERIDE COMPOSITION OF SIXTEEN STRAINS OF MARINE DIATOM
Get PDFTrigliceride or triacylglicerol (TAG) composition in crude oil of sixteen strain of marine diatom has been detected by spectra analyses on an Electrospray - Ion Trap – Mass Spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS) HCT Bruker-Daltonic GmbH instrument with AgNO3 used as coordination ionization agent. Biomass samples of each microalga strain were taken from early and late stationary cultures in f/2 enriched seawater and algal oils were extracted according to Bligh and Dyer. Results from spectra analysis showed that P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0) were distinguished in TAG from diatom strains Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.1, Thalasiossira sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.3, Navicula sp. 1, Navicula sp. 2, Navicula sp. 3, Navicula sp. 4, Nitzschia sp. 2 and Amphora sp. In contrast, TAGs in Melosira sp. included P-P-P (C16:0-C16:0-C16:0) and P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1) were identified. TAGs from Chaetoceros sp. were the most varies among samples, i.e. P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), A-P-M (C20:4-C16:0-C14:0), P-Pt-Lt (C16:0-C16:1-C18:3), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4), D-P-P (C22:6-C16:0-C16:0), A-Ln-P (C20:4-C18:2-C16:0). Various TAGs were also detected in Nitzschia sp.2, i.e. P-Pt-M (C16:0-C16:1-C14:0), P-Pt-P (C16:0-C16:1-C16:0), P-Pt-S (C16:0-C16:1-C18:0), P-Pt-A (C16:0-C16:1-C20:4). TAGs composition in Skeletonema strains that similar to those in Nitzschia sp.1 has longer carbon, i.e. P-P-O (C16:0-C16:0-C18:1), P-O-O (C16:0-C18:1-C18:1) and O-O-O (C18:1-C18:1-C18:1). TAGs with longer carbon chain and more double bond including highly unsaturated fatty acid C20:4 were increased with culture age in diatoms Chaetoceros sp.1, Chaetoceros sp.2, Thalasiossira sp.2, Navicula sp.1 and Nitzschia sp. 2.Keywords: diatom, TAG, ESI-IT-MS, f/2, early and late stationar
LIFE-FEED ENRICHMENT FOR LARVAL REARING OF YELLOWBAND CLOWNFISH (Premnas biaculeatus)
Get PDFThe seeds of yellowband clownfish from hatchery has a pale skin colour and a yellow stripe became white colour. The purposes of this research were to know the effects of life-feed enrichment on the growth of larva and the appearance of colors yellowband clownfish. The treatments were the enrichment of rotifers and Artemia with commercial enrichment + Nannochloropsis (A), and without commercial enrichment as control, only Nannochloropsis (B). This research conducted for 15 days rearing. Larva rearings of yellowband clownfish fish with treatment A were resulted the total length at the end experiment was 7.72 ± 0.63 mm, dan survival rate 52.6 ± 19.1 %. The total length at treatment B was 7. 61 ± 0.43 mm and survival rate 47.7 ± 24.2%. Different enrichment of life-feed was not significant different effect for total length, survival rate and colour of seeds Keywords: life-feed, enrichment, growth, survival rate, colour, yellowband clownfish
DIFFERENCES CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCE OF IN ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN WATER AND SEDIMENT IN JAKARTA BAY WATERS DURING TRANSITION SEASON
Get PDFStudy on the distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticide concentrations in water samples and sediments from the Jakarta Bay was conducted in April 2011 (transition season I) and June 2011 (dry season). The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of pesticide concentrations in water and sediments and to identify possible sources of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides was measured by the GC/ECD (electron capture detection) HP 5890 series II. Concentrations found in the water column during transition I season ranged from 11.596 to 74.338 ng/l (average=41.998 ng/l) and in dry season varied from 4.554 to 19.119 ng/l (average=7.741 ng/l). In sediment samples, concentrations found in transition I season varied from 0.936 to 2.816 ng/g (average=1.782 ug/g), and in dry season about 0.7691 to 7.138 ug/g, (average=2.722 ug/g). In the water column, the average concentration in transition I was higher than that found in dry season, whereas levels in sediment during transition season I was lower. The average levels of pesticides in the water column was higher than those found in sediments. These results suggested that the seasons played a role in the distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the water column and sediments. Source of organochlorine pesticides were suggested from agricultural activities in the mainland Cisadane. Keywords: organochlorine pesticides, DDT, BHC, Jakarta Bay waters
MICROBES PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY FOR AQUACULTURE ON PARI ISLAND WATERS
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to evaluate waters quality in Pari island waters for aquaculture purpose based on bacteriological information conducted in Mei and September 2011. Microbiological parameters analyzed were total density of bacteria for coliforms, E.coli, pathogenic, heterotrophic, halotoleran, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker, and total cells. Method to analyze coliform bacteria was filtration, identification of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical test, density analises for heterotrophic bacteria, analises for phosphate-nitrate-ammonia breaker bacteria using pour plate, and total cell using Acridine Orange Epifluorescence Microscopy. Results showed that the abundance of total coliform cell was about 1000-7000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml. The abundance of heterotrophic, halotolerant, phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria in seawater was (3.6-4.3)x105 cfu/ml, (1.1-1.3)x105 cfu/ml, (0.5-3.44)x103cfu/ml; and (3.6-6.7)x105 cfu/ml, (1.6-2.7)x105 cfu/ml, (0.6-5.22)x103 cfu/ml in sediment, respectively. The total cell of bacteria was (0.05-2.1)x107cells/ml. The dog-conch (Strombus turturella) and blood-clamps (Anadara granosa) can survive in Pari Island and there was a significant increase in sea grass litter with growth average of 0.67 mm/day and 0.90 mm/day. During snails and clamps growth, there were found several genus of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Hafnia, and Yersinia. The results showed that Pari island waters was suitable for developing shellfish aquaculture dog conch and blood clamps. Keywords: bacteria, parameter, shellfish, aquaculture
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF GOLDEN TREVALLY, Gnathannodon Speciosus Forsskal WITH DIFFERENT LENGTH SIZE
Get PDFGolden travelly is a type of fish that can live on the surface, belongs to Carangidae family, for a length of 5-8 cm can function as marine ornamental fish with the name of yellow crime or yellow samba, and can be used for consumption. The study was conducted to determine the effect of length on the initial stocking of fish seed to the growth and survival rate of golden travelly. Fish samples were cultured fish golden travelly of 45 days old hatchery and stocked with density of 300 pc/tank in 9 tanks with volume of 1 m³ feber/tanks. Golden travelly were fed with commercial fish by feeding frequency of 3 times/day untill satiation. The tested treatments were based on initial different lengths i.e., treatment A (1.5 to 2.0 cm/pc), B (2.5 to 3.0 cm/pc), and C (3.5 to 4,0 cm/pc). Feeding was based on 10-15 % of body weight. Measured variables were body length growth, survival rate, and quality of water. Growth and survival rate were analysed using analyses of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the growth rate of fish golden travelly Gnathannodon speciosus Forsskal was best at treatment B (2.5 to 3.0 cm/pc) with 7% per day and 92% survival rate. Keywords: fish seed golden trevally, tanks , growth, and survival
DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX
Get PDFBangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2). The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values. Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index