Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN SEMARANG COASTAL WATER
Get PDFCoastal water is vulnerable to anthropogenic substances such as human activities by product in coastal land and upper land area. Semarang coastal area is one of areas which has progressive development in northern coastal of Java Island. The aim of this study was to evaluate ocean health status based on heavy metal contain and benthic foraminiferal characteristics as the bioindicator. Sampling and laboratory activities were carried out in August 2010. Sampling stations were located on the estuaries of Western Canal Flood, Tanjung Mas Port and Eastern Canal Flood. The result showed that Tanjung Mas pool port had the highest Pb, Zn,and Total Organic Compounds (TOC) concentrations. The average of abnormal test of benthic foraminiferal (Ammonia beccarii) were also higher in Tanjung Mas port than in eastern and western canal flood. Keywords: assessment, coastal water, Semarang
SEASONAL SURFACE GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT IN ARAFURA-TIMOR WATERS
Get PDFResearch on the seasonal geostrophic surface current during 2002-2011 in Arafura-Timor waters was conducted using satellite altimetry data. Those data were absolute dynamic topography and absolute geostrophic velocity data taken from Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO). The dynamics of geostrophic surface current varied in every monsoon due to the difference in absolute dynamic topography. During northwest (NW) season, the absolut dynamic topography in Arafura Sea was higher than in Timor Sea by an average difference of 0.1–0.2 m and the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. During southeast (SE) season, the absolute dynamic topography in Arafura Sea lower than Timor Sea with an average difference of 0.03-0.04 m. In this season, upwelling occurs in Banda Sea and sea surface water in this region becomes lower and the current moved from Arafura Sea to Banda Sea. The absolut dynamic topography difference between Arafura Sea and Timor Sea in NW and SE monsoons was 0.05–0.06 m and so the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. In Timor Sea, the current moved southwest towards the Indian Ocean. In NW and SE Monsoons the the velocity of surface geostrophic current in Timor Sea (0,3 m/sec) was higher compare in Arafura Sea (0.2 m/sec) due to the configuration of island surround the Timor Sea and its topography. Keywords: Geostrophic surface current, altimetrysatellite, Arafura-Timor Sea
SEAGRESS COVERAGE AND ECOSYSTEM CONDITION AT THE COASTAL AREA OF MADASANGER, JELENGA AND MALUK, WEST SUMBAWA
Get PDFThe increase of temperature might affect the distribution and reproduction of seagrass. This research aims to determine the seagrass bed coverage and the ecosystem condition. Three line transects were established perpendicular to the coastal line with the distance of 50-100 m, or up to the border of the intertidal area. In each transect, sampling points were determined with a distance of 10-20 m. At the sampling points, a plot of 50 cm x 50 cm was established to measure the coverage percentage of seagrass vegetation. The seagrass species were also observed and recorded along the line transects. The percentage of seagrass coverage was measured using a method from Saito and Atobe (1994). The results showed that the coastal area of Jelenga has the highest percentage of seagrass coverage (>60%, healthy) among other coastal areas. This may be caused by the characteristic of Jelenga coast which was relatively calm, few visitors, low water turbidity, and high light penetration. While, other transects have percentage coverage of less than 60% (less healthy). There was one transect on Maluk coast which has coverage percentage of less than 29% (lack of seagrass species). The small coverage percentage on Maluk coast can be caused by the high number of visitors and high activity of fishing boats around the coast which results in high turbidity. Keywords: coverage, ecosystem condition, seagrass bed, west Sumbawa
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE EXTRACT POLYPHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME FROM BLACK TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon)
Get PDFShrimp is a very important export commodity with high market value world wide. However, it is still facing problem related to the waste and deterioration quality as main issues for the shrimp industry. In this experiment, polyphenoloxidase from the carapace of Penaeus monodon was extracted and characterized. The research was carried out to obtain the optimum extraction condition and to evaluate the properties of enzyme i.e., pH, optimum temperature for activating enzyme, kinetic enzyme, and chelating on metal ion. The best method for PPO enzyme extraction used buffer with 1:3 proportion. The optimum activity of enzyme was at pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The kinematic enzyme (Km) value and the maximum substrate concentration were 5.42 mM and 7.5 mM, respectively. Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and EDTA with concentration 5 and 10 mM inhibited enzyme activity. Cu2+at concentration of 10 mM and Mn2+ at concentration 5 mM also inhibited enzyme activity Keywords: carapace, characterization, polyphenoloxidase, shrim
ZONATION AND DENSITY OF INTERTIDAL COMMUNITIES AT COASTAL AREA OF BATU HIJAU, SUMBAWA
Get PDFCharacteristics of coastal tidal areas of Batu Hijau vary from sandy substrate type, sandy to rocky reef with a wide expanse of intertidal ranges from 100 meters to 350 meters. To find out zoning intertidal community,the observation conducted at five locations intertidal beach, each consisting of three zones: the high tide, middle tide and low tide. Living structure in tidal areas of coastal Batu Hijau, Sumbawa consists of the main communities and associated biota. The main intertidal community composed of coral, seagrass, algae, and other fauna, while the intertidal biota associated with tidal habitat consists of a group of molluscs, echinoderm, crustacean, worms and fish. Distribution of intertidal communities formed three zones consisting of (1) seagrass (21.3%) in the upper zone (high tide), (2) algae (35.5%) in the central zone (mid tide), and (3) coral (28.5%) and algae (42.5%) in the lower zone (low tide). The main groups of biota in the form of tidal zoning system consisting of two groups of molluscs (51.12%) in the upper zone, while the echinoderms that predominate in the central zone (36.96%) and lower (66.89%). No significant differences between the structure and composition of marine intertidal communities in September 2011 (rainy season) and April 2012 (dry season). Keywords: intertidal (tidal), percent cover, density, community, biot
ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN LAMALERA SEA AND SAWU SEA, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
Get PDFZooplankton community was studied in Lamalera Sea and Sawu Sea during DIKTI-P2O LIPI Expedition from 19 – 30 July 2011. Besides being a potential fishing ground, the Lamalera sea and Sawu Sea have been a migration path for Cetacean (large marine mammals), particularly during the southeast monsoon season. The purposes of this study were to investigate community structure, abundance, and spatial distribution of zooplankton in the Lamalera Sea and the Sawu Sea. Plankton samples were collected from 23 stations, by NORPAC 300 µm-net that was vertically hauled from maximum 200 meter depth up to the surface water. The result showed that there were 45 taxa of zooplankton, which was dominated by copepods . The abundance of the zooplankton between 491 - 4537 individu/m3. Average diversity index and evenness values were 1.59 ± 0.21 and 0.50 ± 0.04, respectively. In this area, Creel has been found in all research stations but the abundance was small. Species composition was relatively the same between sampling stations suggesting that there was no different in composition between north and south parts, which virtually comprise of different water masses. It showed that spatial distribution of zooplankton was relatively wide-reaching. Keywords: zooplankton, copepoda, creel, Lamalera sea, and Sawu Sea
MACROALGAE BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY IN AMBALAU ISLAND WATERS, SOUTH BURU DISTRICT
Get PDFStudies on the diversity and density of macroalga have been carried out in Ambalau island waters, south Buru district since 2010. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity, density, frequency, and the dominance of macroalga in the coastal waters of the Ambalau island. Data collection with squares transect line method were conducted in October-November 2009. The results showed that the coastal areas of Masawoy showed the highest values in diversity, density, frequency, and the dominance of macroalga in the study area with 33 species from 20 genera consisting of 14 species of green alga, 10 species of red alga, and 9 species of brown alga. Caulerpa, Halimeda, Gracilaria, Acanthophora, Sargassum, and Padina were the most dominance in the region. The highest diversity, density, frequency, and dominance of macroalga on the Masawoy coastal waters were due to its habitat conditions in relatively good condition consisting of dead coral rubble, sand, coral live with seagrass vegetation dominated by Thalasia hemprizii and Enhalus acuroides. Meanwhile, habitat conditions at other locations have suffered a severe damage and dominated by dead coral. Environmental conditions in the study region were within the limits of decent support for the growth of macro alga. Keywords: macroalga, biodiversity, density, frequency, dominance, Ambala
DURATION TIME AND EGGS DENSITY TO IMPROVE CLOSED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY ON EGGS GROUPER
Get PDFThe grouper hatchery technology has been successfully developed and grouper seed can be produced massively and sustainly. Egg is one of key successes in the hatchery processes. Eggs taken from hatchery egg producer were often far away from a final hatchery location. This study tried to find out the effectiveness of eggs transportation duration and densities for eggs’ hatchability of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). The first treatment: eggs at a density of 400 000 eggs/8 l sea water, transported with different duration time i.e., 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The second treatment: transportation eggs with duration 24-hour at different density i.e., 100,000; 200,000;300,00; and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters. Eggs were packaged in a plastic bag with 8 liters of water media, the plastic size 100 cm x 55 cm, ratio water with oxygen was 1: 3, the plastic bag inserted to sterofoam with size 75 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm, to reduce the temperature in sterofoam was added ice the size of 500 grams , wrapped in newspaper, styrofoam covered by selotipe. The results showed that eggs with transportation time of 6 and 12 hours were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than transportation time of 18 and 24 hours. Furthermore, density of 100,000 and 200,000 eggs/8 l sea waters were better and significantly different (P <0.05) than that density of 300,000 and 400,000 eggs/8 l sea waters. Keywords: hatchery, eggs grouper, transportation
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TROPICAL BROWN ALGAE Padina australis FROM PRAMUKA ISLAND, DISTRICT OF SERIBU ISLAND, INDONESIA
Get PDFThe proximate composition, dietary fiber, and total phenol contents as well as antioxidant activity of tropical brown alga Padina australis collected from the Pramuka Island, District of Seribu Island, Indonesia during the rainy season of 2011 were determined in order to evaluate their potential nutritional value and activity of natural antioxidant compound. The content of ash, protein, and fat were 22.26, 10.76, and 4.17 g/100 g dry matter, respectively; whereas the amounts of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fibers were 8.4, 5.4, and 13.8 g/100 g, respectively. Methanol extract of P. australis contained the highest total phenol of 246.1 mg GAE/1000 g dry sample. The extract also had the highest activity on DPPH radical scavenging, measured by IC50 of 267.1 ppm. Both the total phenol and IC50 value extracts decreased in the following order: methanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane.Keywords: antioxidant, dietary fiber, DPPH-scavenging, Padina australis, proximate compositio
CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE OF SKIPJACK ROE (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Get PDFBy product that rich in protein such as fish roes are potential as raw material for protein concentrate. This research aimed to utilize skipjack roes to produce protein concentrate and to characterize its functional properties. The method used to extract protein was defatting method using isopropyl alcohol and ethanol with extraction times of 1, 2, and 3 hours. The results showed that skipjack roes contained 19.81% of protein, 3.41% of fat, 71.32% of moisture, 2.04% of ash, and 1.53% of carbohydrate (by difference). Defatting method using isopropyl alcohol for 3 hours produced the best roe protein concentrate (RPC). The product meets to the quality requirements of fish protein concentrate type B, contained protein and fat of 71.79% and 2.78%, respectively. This product also had functional properties as follows: water absorption capacity (1.57 ml/g), oil absorption capacity (1.82 g/g), emulsion capacity (81.65%), bulk density (0.51 g/ml), foaming capacity (1.90 ml), foaming stability (0.22 ml) and protein digestibility (95.86%). Lysine and leucine became the major essential amino acid of RPC, with values were 70.76 and 64.91 mg/g protein, respectively. The composition of amino acids of RPC skipjack consisted of 8 essentials amino acids, 5 non-essentials amino acids and 2 semi-essentials amino acids. Keywords: extraction, fish roe skipjack, roe protein concentrat