Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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IMPROVEMENT METHOD OF GENE TRANSFER IN Kappaphycus alvarezii
Get PDFMethod of foreign gene transfer in red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii has been reported, however, li-mited number of transgenic F0 (broodstock) was obtained. This study was conducted to improve the method of gene transfer mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in order to obtain high percentage of K. alvarezii transgenic. Superoxide dismutase gene from Melastoma malabatrichum (MmCu/Zn-SOD) was used as model towards increasing adaptability of K. alvarezii to environmental stress. The treat-ments were the culture media and recovery duration, and each treatment consisted of three replica-tions. The best method was co-cultivation using liquid media, then recovery was conducted in liquid media for 10 days. That treatment allowed higher transformation percentage (90%), regeneration effi-ciency (90%), putative bud efficiency (100%), number of buds and explants sprouted (100%) and transgenic explants (100%). The transgenic explants showed an amplification PCR product of Mm-Cu/Zn-SOD gene fragment, whereas the non-transgenic explants showed no amplification product. All results revealed that suitable method of transgenesis for K. alvarezii has been developed. Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, culture media, Kappaphycus alvarezii, recovery duration, transformatio
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FRESHWATER EELS (Anguilla spp.) IN EIGHT RIVERS FLOWING TO PALABUHANRATU BAY, SUKABUMI, INDONESIA
Get PDFFreshwater eel (Anguilla spp.) is a catadromus fish that migrates from freshwater into seawater for spawning and return to freshwater during larvae stage to grow. The objective of this study was to determine species composition of tropical freshwater eels based on morphology collected from several rivers flowing in to the Palabuhan Ratu Bay. Young, adult, and glass eels were caught in August 2014 until Desember 2014. Glass eels were only caught in Cimandiri River. Freshwater eels were classified by ano-dorsal length (AD) divided by total length (TL), cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis based on morphometric data. The results showed different AD/TL of young and adult, i.e., 1.93±0.51 for A. bicolor bicolor, and 16.99±0.65 for A. marmorata, and three different AD/TL of glass eels i.e.,1.72±1.05 for A. bicolor bicolor6.60±1.79 for A. nebulosa nebulosa, and 15.07±1.04 for A. marmorata. Cluster analysis showed three groups of population characters of young and adult eels i.e. A. bicolor bicolor (2 groups) and A. marmorata (1 group). Discriminant analysis showed three groups of glass eels population i.e., A. bicolor bicolor, A. nebulosa nebulosa, and A. marmorata. Morphological identification showed that young and adult eels in Cibareno and Citepus rivers had two species i.e., A. bicolor bicolor and A. marmorata. Glass eels from Cimandiri river had three species i.e., A. bicolorbicolor, A. nebulosanebulosa, and A. marmorata. A. bicolor bicolor was found in each rivers and as a dominant species in Palabuhan Ratu Bay.Keywords: A. bicolor bicolor, A. marmorata, A. nebulosa nebulosa, species compositio
BIOLOGICAL BASE OF SKIPJACK AS THE FOUNDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE
Get PDFSkipjacks in the western and southern waters of North Maluku Province were caught using pole and line with FADs. Skipjack usually swims near the surface water and tends to be classified as a juvenile skipjack that caught during fishing activities. The study objective was to analyze biological data of skipjack including length weight relationship, growth, length at first maturity/lm and catch size, size composition and gonad maturity. Skipjack samples were caught in the waters of the western (zone A) and southern (zone b) areas of North Maluku Province, from April 2012 until May 2013. The sudy results show the value bof skipjack caught around FADs at zone A and B were similar as b=3. This indicates that the growth of skipjack in both areas was categorized as in isometric pattern. L∞ of skipjack caught at zone A was 75 cm at the age of 56 months and at zone B was 76 cm at the age of 56 months. Lm value skipjack caught in zone A and zone B was obtained by 43 cm, with a range of long-forked skipjack caught in zone A from 26.0 to 72.0 cm, and at zone B from 26- to 71 cm , The gonad maturity at zone A and B, was obtained in the similar stages as maturity stages I, II, III,IV, and V. TKG V of the skipjack caught around FADs zone A is found in March and B in July, so it can be presumed skipjack in two zones throughout the year with peak spawning occurs in March for zone A and B in July.Keywords: Biological base, skipjack, fishery management, North Maluk
VACCINATION OF JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER WITH THREE INACTIVATED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Get PDFAn experiment to evaluate the efficacy of inactivated polyvalent bacterial vaccines to increase specific immunity of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) against bacterial infection was conducted in floating net cages located in Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Polyvalent bacterial vaccine was prepared by mixing three species of killed-bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, and Photobacterium leiognathi) with ratio of 1:1:1. The density of bacterial vaccine was adjusted at 1010 CFU/ml. The vaccines were delivered by immersion. The control fish were immersed in sea water without vaccine. Fish with ± 6 cm of total length and ± 7 g of body weigth were used in this experiment. The fishes were reared in concrete tanks in hatchery of Gondol, Bali until they reached ± 9 cm of total length. Later, the fishes were reared for 6 months in floating net cages located in Sumbawa. Re-vaccinations were delivered 60 days and 120 days post initial vaccination. The results showed that titer antibody and survival rate of the vaccinated fish were 1/128 and 77.11%, higher than the control (titer antibody=1/4-1/8, survival=45.56%, respectively). The relative percent survival of the vaccinated fish was 57.95%. It was suggested that the vaccines were immunogenic and had protective ability against bacterial infection in tiger groupers. Keywords: bacterial disease, polyvalent bacterial vaccine, tiger groupe
INCREASING CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF TROPIC MACROALGAE Halimeda sp
Get PDFThe increasing CO2 concentration and temperature affected growth, chlorophyll content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp. The study was conducted to examine the interaction effect of the increased CO2 concentration and temperature on growth, chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histological tissue of tropical macroalgae Halimeda sp in a laboratory. Research was set with a completely randomized factorial design at 3 levels of factors (A) the CO2 concentration: 385 ppm (ambient), 750 ppm (medium), 1000 ppm (high), and 3 levels of factor (B) the temperature: 30oC, 32oC, 34oC. Microcolony of macroalgae Halimeda sp were selected and obtained from the Lae-lae island then growing in the aquarium 30 x 30 x 45 cm3. Biological parameters observed were growth rate (total, specific and relative), chlorophyll-a content, calcium content, and histopathology tissue. The results showed that the increased of CO2 concentration and temperature negatively affected on the growth of Halimeda sp, reduced of the growth rate, the chlorophyll-a content, calcium content and damaged to histopatology tissue of the Halimeda sp at trophical macroalgae. Keywords: CO2 concentration, temperature, growth response, histopathology, Halimeda s
SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DAN CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION VARIABILITIES OF JAKARTA BAY AND ITS SURROUNDING WATERS
Get PDFVariability of sea surface temperature (SST) and the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chla) in Jakarta Bay and its surrounding waters were analyzed based on the time series data of monthly mean SST and Chla estimated by NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS satellites for 17 years (1997 to 2014). Generally, the monthly mean SST values fluctuated seasonally with the semi-annual pattern with the maximum value occurred in the second transitional season (Oct-Nov) and relatively high in the first transitional season (Mar). In contrast, the minimum of monthly mean SST values was found during the east season (Jul) and relatively low during the west season (Des-Jan). SST variabilities were generally associated with the sun position, sea water circulation, and rainfall. Based on MODIS data, the minimum-maximum of monthly mean SST ranged of 28.39°C-32.58°C. Seasonal fluctuations with the semi-annual pattern also occurred in the monthly mean Chla values with the maximum value occurred during the west season (Des-Jan) and relatively high values occurred during the east season (Jun). In contrast, the minimum of the monthly mean Chla was found during the second transition season (Sep-Oct) and relatively low during the first transitional season (March-Apr). The minimum-maximum of monthly mean Chla ranged of 0.09 mg/m3-2.50 mg/m3. Chla fluctuations were generally associated with the variabilities of rainfall, river water discharge, and sea water circulation of the Java Sea. Anomalous climatic factors such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina produced a significant impact on the SST and Chla interannual variability. Generally, the ENSO phenomenon lo-wers the value SST and Chla, while La Nina events tended to increase Chla values.Keywords: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, fluctuation, NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, MODI
DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF SEAWEED IN WEDA BAY WATERS, NORTH MOLLUCAS PROVINCE
Get PDFThe study on seaweed density and diversity in many substrates was conducted in Weda Bay waters, North Mollucas in 2013. The objectives of this research was to determine the density and diversity of seaweed in many different substrates and to determine the relationship of substrate types and seaweed density and diversity in Weda Bay waters. Data were collected using quadrate transect method and collections. The result showed that the coastal area of Batlol, Weda Bay contained higher density and diversity of macroalgae than other locations with 35 species of 24 families consisting of 14 species of red macroalgae, 12 species of green algae, and 9 species of brown algae. The dominan families of macroalgae were Gracilaria, Acanthophora, Caulerpa, Halimeda, Sargassum, and Turbinaria. The dominant difference of macroalgae in each location was caused by differences in habitat type, e.q., habitat in Batlol consisted of fragments of dead coral, sand, little living coral with vegetation seaweed that dominated by Thalasia hemprizii and Symodacea rotundata. While habitat conditions at other locations experienced severe damage that dominated by chunks of dead coral, dead coral rubble, and sand. Environmental conditions in study regions were considered to be in a good condition to support macro-algae growth.Keywords: seaweed, macro algae, substrate, density, diversity, Weda Ba
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW IN THE MAKASSAR STRAIT
Get PDFUsing outputs of INDESO model, this study investigated vertical structure, spatial and temporal variation of the Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait (M-ITF). It was shown that the main axis of persistent southward jet of M-ITF formed a unique path following the western shelf slope along the strait, which was associated with a high kinetic energy (KE) region from near-surface down to the thermocline layer. Furthermore, a drastic jump of KE appeared in the narrow and deep Libani Chan-nel (near 3°S) where the strait\u27s width shrinks significantly, thus an elevated flow velocity was needed to maintain transport volume balance. Here, maximum southward velocity at thermocline exceeded 1.2 m/s. Spatial pattern of M-ITF can be described by the first EOF mode which accounts for 79 % of the total variances. It exhibited that contours of the flow amplitudes were similar to M-ITF path, and the largest amplitude was located near the Libani Channel. Out-of-phase relationship of the flow was found between M-ITF and eddies circulation that developed in the edges of the strait. Corresponding temporal fluctuation of the first EOF mode indicated that M-ITF variabilities varied from intra-seasonal to inter-annual scales. Annual fluctuation of M-ITF was seen from EOF mode-2 (at thermocline layer) and mode-3 at lower-thermocline. Cross-spectra analysis revealed that variability of M- ITF (e.g. on annual scale) at northern entrance was highly coherent to the fluctuations of North Equatorial Current (NEC) and Mindanao Current (MC), suggesting that variability of M-ITF was remotely influenced by the Pacific low-latitude western boundary currents. Keywords: INDESO model, Indonesian Throughflow, Makassar Strait, EOF, Cross-Spectra Analysi
