Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis
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CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS ON ROOTS, STEM AND LEAVES OF Enhalus acoroides, IN TUNDA ISLAND, BANTEN BAY
Get PDFHeavy metal pollution is one of serious problem for tropical mangrove ecosystem. Heavy metals can decrease the quality of a waters. The decreasing in water quality can caused by pollutants such as heavy metals with high concentrations greatly affects the aquatic environment, especially living organisms. The aimed of study is to determine the accumulation level of heavy metals such as Al, Cu, Pb, As, Ni, Cr, Ti, Mn, dan Fe, in root, leaves and stem of E. acoroides. The sampling was carried out in the northern and southern parts of Tunda Island, in March 2015. The method used for seagrass destruction is 6 mL 65% HNO3 and mL H2O2 30%, sediment destruction using Milestone Start D microwave labstation. and using ICP-OES (Inductive Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry) Thermo Scientific iCAP 700 Series. The result show that, the Al, was the dominant heavy metals observed both in sea water and sediment surrounding the observed sea grass areas. Similar result was also observed for seagrass. The dominant sediment grain size absorbing heavy metals is silt-clay because it has more organic matter to control the binding of heavy metals. Heavy metal bioaccumulation is predominant in seagrass leaves and stems due to heavy metal entry into seagrass, substance storage tissue, and seagrass characteristics that are completely submerged in water. Seagrass meadow ecosystem in Tunda Island has been contaminated by several heavy metals
PENGARUH JUMLAH TITIK AERASI PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME, Litopenaeus vannamei
Get PDFABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan oksigen terlarut di perairan tambak dapat dilakukan melalui sistem aerasi dasar. Jumlah titik aerasi dasar diduga mempengaruhi kelarutan oksigen dan berdampak pada performa budidaya udang di tambak. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua petak tambak beton masing-masing 1.000 m2 dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dasar yang terbuat dari rubber diffuser sepanjang 100 cm, berjumlah 140 buah (Perlakuan A) dan 70 buah (Perlakuan B). Benur udang vaname PL-9 ditebar dengan padat penebaran 600 ekor/m2 dan dipelihara selama 70 hari. Perlakuan A menghasilkan kelarutan oksigen 3,04-10,36 (6,60±1,07) mg/L lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan B dengan kisaran oksigen terlarut 2,77-7,92 (6,08±0,95) mg/L. Sebaliknya parameter nitrit, total nitrogen, phosphat dan bahan organik terlarut lebih rendah di perlakuan A. Produksi, sintasan, dan rasio konversi pakan pada perlakuan A masing-masing 5.620 kg, 93,6% dan 1,12 dan perlakuan B masing-masing 4.000 kg, 80,7% dan 1,51. Perlakuan A menghasilkan performa budidaya lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan B. Untuk meningkatkan pasokan oksigen terlarut di tambak dapat digunakan rubber diffuser yang dihubungkan dengan blower. ABSTRACTOne effort to increase dissolved oxygen concentration in pond waters is by applying bottom aeration system. The number of aeration point in the pond bottom allegedly affects oxygen solubility and shrimp farming performance. This study utilized two concreted ponds of 1000 m2 each equipped with two bottom aeration systems built by 100 cm long of rubber diffuser, totaling 140 pieces (Treatment A) and 70 pieces (Treatment B). The PL-9 of L. vannamei were stocked with density of 600 ind/m2 and reared for 70 days. Treatment A resulted dissolved oxygen of 3.04-10.36 (6.60±1.07) mg/L which were higher than Treatment B where the range of dissolved oxygen were 2.77-7.92 (6.08±0.95) mg/L. In contrast, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate and dissolved organic matter were lower within treatment A. Shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio in Treatment A were5, 620 kg, 93.6% and 1.12, respectively; whereas in treatment B were 4,000 kg, 80.7% and 1.51. Treatment A resulted in a better the L. vannamei farming compared to treatment B. To increase the supply of dissolved oxygen in the pond, a rubber diffuser can be used which is connected to a blower
AMINO ACID PROFILE AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SEAHORSE Hippocampus comes
Get PDFSeahorse is one of the marine living resources usually used as ornamental fish, traditional medicinal materials, and souvenirs. The purpose of the study was to determine the proximate composition of wet and dry seahorses, determine the profile of amino acid hydrolyzate and powder of seahorses, and determines to content of bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of seahorses on qualitatively. The sample of this study is seahorses obtained from nature. Prviously, seahorses were morphometric identified, subsequently, seahorses were made of the powder, hydrolyzate, and ethanol extract. Several analyzes used were qualitative analysis of proximate, amino acid, and phytochemical analysis. Morphometric identification results indicate that the type is Hippocampus comes. The proximate composition is water content is 66.16 ± 0.33% (wet) and 10.33 ± 0.16% (dry), ash content of 9.55 ± 0.15% (wet) and 9.65 ± 0.16% (dry), lipid content 1.18 ± 0.23% (wet) and 4.89 ± 0.37% (dry), protein content of 22.73 ± 0.17% (wet) and 69.83 ± 0.31% (dry), carbohydrate 0.39 ± 0.23 (wet) and 5.50 ± 0.34 (dry). The amino acid composition both on hydrolyzate and powder comprising 9 essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalaline, valine, methionine, histidine, arginine, and threonine and 6 non essential amino acids are tyrosine, alanine, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The results of identification of bioactive compounds is flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and phenol of hydroquinone. Keywords: Hippocampus comes, proximate analysis, amino acid, and bioactive compound
ECONOMIC VALUATION OF MANGROVES FOREST RESOURCES IN REGENCY OF BANGGAI DAN BANGGAI ISLAND CENTRAL SULAWESI
Get PDFThis study aims to determine how big the value of the total economic benefits of mangrove forest by using the concept of economic valuation to calculate the value of the benefits of natural resources which exist in 9 District of Banggai Regency and Banggai Island Regency located in Peleng Strait Costal Area there are: District of Batui Selatan, Batui, Luwuk Timur, Lamala, Masama, Balantak, Bualemo (in Banggai Regency Area) and District of Buko and Buko Selatan (Banggai Island Regency). The research was conducted in August to November 2016, by conducting field observations and interviews directly to the community and local government. Based on the results obtained that indicate the area of mangrove forest ecosystems in Peleng Strait Costal Area with a broad ± 167 ha, have total value of economic benefits amounted Rp 26,591,841,888/year with the largest contributor to the value of benefits is from the value of indirect benefits that is the value of the benefits of mangrove forests as a buffer abrasion or sea water waves is about Rp 16.030.000.000. The total value of economic benefits can be used as a reference or basic comparison for the community and the government in determining the policy management and utilization of existing mangrove forests. Keywords: mangrove forest ecosystems, benefits value, economicvaluatio
SISTEM SOSIAL EKOLOGI KAWASAN DESA PESISIR KABUPATEN SUBANG
Get PDFABSTRAK Interaksi sistem sosial - ekologi di desa pesisir sering menimbulkan permasalahan, mulai dari menurunnya kualitas ekologi hingga terjadinya konflik sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem sosial - ekologi yang terdapat di Desa Blanakan, Desa Tanjungtiga, Desa Rawameneng, dan Desa Mayangan serta mengetahui jaringan konektivitas sistem sosial - ekologi dari desa pesisir yang terintegrasi. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder terkait sistem sosial dan sistem ekologi, analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan spasial deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial – ekologi Desa Blanakan, Desa Tanjungtiga, Desa Rawameneng, dan Desa Mayangan tersusun atas jaringan sumberdaya berupa sumberdaya ikan, sumberdaya ekosistem, sumberdaya lahan, dan sumberdaya air yang digunakan oleh nelayan, petani, dan masyarakat umum. Keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumberdaya didukung oleh ketersediaan infrastruktur yang disediakan oleh pemerintah dan swasta. Jaringan konektivitas sistem sosial - ekologi dari integrasi desa pesisir menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial antar desa pesisir terkonektivitas melalui interaksi pendidikan, kelembagaan nelayan, pelayaanan kesehatan, dan interaksi lainnya, sedangkan interaksi sistem ekologi terkonektivitas melalui jaringan fishing ground dan pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove secara bersama terutama antara Desa Blanakan dan Desa Mayangan. ABSTRACTThe interactions of the socio-ecological systems in the coastal villages often create problems, ranging from the declining ecological quality to social conflicts. This study aimed not only to analyze the socio-ecological systems in the villages of Blanakan, Tanjungtiga, Rawameneng, and Mayangan, but also to find out the connectivity network of socio-ecological systems of the integrated coastal villages. The data collected included primary and secondary data related to social and ecological systems. The data analysis was performed in descriptive-quantitative and descriptive-spatial manners. The results showed that the socio-ecological systems of Blanakan Village, Tanjungtiga Village, Rawameneng Village, and Mayangan Village were composed of resource networks such as fish resources, ecosystem resources, land resources, and water resources used by fishermen, farmers and general public. The sustainable utilization of the resources was supported by the availability of infrastructure provided by the government and the private sector. The connectivity network of socio-ecological ecosystems of the integrated coastal villages showed that the social systems among coastal villages were connected through educational interactions, fishermen institutions, health services, and other interactions, while the interaction of the ecological system was connected through fishing ground networks and the shared utilization of mangrove ecosystems, especially between Blanakan Village and Mayangan Village
DISTRIBUSI DAN KONDISI KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI BANGKA SELATAN, KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG
Get PDFABSTRAKBangka Selatan memiliki potensi keanekaragaman lamun yang tinggi, tetapi informasi yang berkaitan dengan sebaran spesies dan kondisi komunitas lamun masih belum banyak diketahui. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menentukan jumlah spesies, sebaran dan kondisi komunitas lamun di Bangka Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2016 sampai Mei 2017. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di beberapa wilayah Bangka Selatan, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Sebaran dan jumlah spesies lamun ditentukan berdasarkan gabungan data primer dan data sekunder. Pengambilan data kondisi padang lamun meliputi data tutupan dan kerapatan lamun dilakukan menggunakan transek kuadrat berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm. Hasil penelitian di Bangka Selatan ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies lamun. Sebaran lamun meliputi Pantai Tanjung Kerasak (9 spesies), Pulau Lepar (8 spesies), Pesisir Desa Tukak (8 spesies), Pulau Anak Air (5 spesies), Pantai Puding dan Pulau Kelapan ditemukan hanya 4 spesies. Kondisi padang lamun di Bangka Selatan dengan kerapatan yaitu 633,37 tegakan/m2sampai 1066,76 tegakan/m2. Rata-rata persentase tutupan lamun yaitu 29,61% dikategorikan miskin.ABSTRACTSouth Bangka has a high potential for seagrass diversity, but information relating to the distribution of species and the condition of seagrass communities is still not widely understood. The research objective was to determine the number of species, distribution and conditions of seagrass communities in South Bangka. The research was conducted in June 2016 until May 2017. The location of the research was carried out in several areas of South Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands. The distribution and number of seagrass species was determined based on a combination of primary data and secondary data. Data collection of seagrass condition includes seagrass coverage and density carried out using quadratic transect measuring 50 cm x 50 cm. The results of research in South Bangka found 10 species of seagrass. Seagrass distribution includes Tanjung Kerasak Beach (9 species), Lepar Island (8 species), Coastal Tukak Village (8 species), Anak Air Island (5 species), Puding Beach and Kelapan Island found only 4 species. Seagrass conditions in South Bangka with a density of 633.37 stands/m2 to 1066.76 stands/m2. The average percentage of seagrass cover is 29.61% which is categorized as poor
MONITORING SEBARAN VEGETASI MANGROVE YANG DIREHABILITASI DI KAWASAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE WONOREJO SURABAYA
Get PDFABSTRAKKawasan pesisir Wonorejo merupakan kawasan mangrove yang direhabilitasi menjadi kawasan ekowisata. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pembentukan zonasi vegetasi pada ekosistem mangrove yang telah direhabilitasi. Lokasi pengamatan berada pada 3 stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 terletak pada batas atas zona supratidal, Stasiun 2 di pertengahan zona intertidal, dan Stasiun 3 pada zona subtidal. Struktur vegetasi mangrove dianalisis berdasarkan Kerapatan Jenis (K), Dominansi (D), dan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP); sedangkan sebaran vegetasi mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang dominan pada Stasiun 1 adalah Nypa fruticans (84,2%), sedangkan pada Stasiun 2 jenis yang dominan adalah Excoecaria agallocha (40,9%), dan di Stasiun 3 adalah Avicennia alba (83,4%). Tingkat kerusakan vegetasi mangrove di Wonorejo dikategorikan sedang, dengan kerapatan pohon antara ≥ 1000 – < 1500 per hektar. Indeks keanekaragaman pada semua stasiun juga tergolong rendah karena bernilai kurang dari 1,5. Ekosistem ini mulai menunjukkan adanya suksesi ekosistem, terbukti dengan mulai adanya jenis-jenis mangrove lain yang tidak ditanam dengan sengaja. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara parameter jenis vegetasi dengan tinggi rendaman pasut, salinitas, dan pH, yang berkontribusi membentuk sumbu F2 positif. Artinya ketiga parameter tersebut merupakan faktor utama yang menentukan apakah ekosistem tersebut sesuai untuk pertumbuhan jenis mangrove tertentu. ABSTRACTThe coastal area of Wonorejo is the mangrove area rehabilitated to become an ecotourism area. The research aims to analyze the patterns of formation of mangrove vegetation zoning that have been rehabilitated. The observation locations are at 3 stations, i.e. station 1 is located at the upper limit of supratidal zone, station 2 is in the middle of intertidal zone, and station 3 is in the subtidal zone. The structure of the mangrove vegetation were analyzed based on the species density (K), dominance (D), and important value index (IVI); while the distribution of mangrove vegetation based on environmental characteristics was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the dominant species at Station 1 was Nypa fruticans (84.2%), whereas in Station 2 the dominant species was Excoecaria agallocha (40.9%), and at Station 3 was Avicennia alba (83.4%) The level of damage to mangrove vegetation in Wonorejo is categorized as medium, with tree densities between ≥ 1000 - <1500 per hectare. Diversity index at all stations is also relatively low because it is worth less than 1.5. This ecosystem begins to show the existence of an ecosystem succession, as evidenced by the start of other species of mangroves that are not planted intentionally. The results of PCA analysis showed a positive correlation between the parameters of vegetation types with high tide baths, salinity, and pH, which contributed to forming a positive F2 axis. This means that the three parameters are the main factors that determine whether the ecosystem is suitable for the growth of certain species of mangroves
ENGINEERING OF ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR UNDERWATER POSITIONING OBJECT
Get PDFUnderwater Positioning System (UPS) is a system to track the existence of the position of an object by utilizing the arrival time of the signal measurement. On land, the system uses an electromagnetic signal called GPS. However, because it cannot penetrate water effectively, an acoustic signal is used as an alternative. The purpose of this research is to engineer the control system of data acquisition and underwater acoustic device to measure arrival time (TOA) and apply equation model for underwater sound source positioning system. the effective frequency resonance of the transducer and the hydrophone is at a frequency of 6 kHz. The acquisition control device is able to measure the TOA signal with an error on a digital channel smaller than an analog channel. The difference between the TOA values measured by oscilloscope and acquisition control system is caused by inaccuracy of threshold estimates at the receiver\u27s peak detector circuit. The position of the sound source coordinates obtained from the equation model shows the highest difference in depth point (z) compared to points (x) and (y), caused by the equation model used is limited to four hydrophone units forming a horizontal baseline
KEPASTIAN TAKSONOMI DAN SEBARAN BELANGKAS Tachypleus tridentatus Leach 1819 DI PERAIRAN BALIKPAPAN TIMUR
Get PDFABSTRAKBelangkas Tachypleus tridentatus adalah salah satu hewan bentik laut yang menghuni perairan pesisir Balikpapan Timur. Informasi tentang populasi belangkas di lokasi masih terbatas, dan IUCN secara luas mengklasifikasikannya dalam kategori data deficient. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kepastian taksonomi secara genetik dan sebaran T. tridentatus di perairan pesisir Balikpapan Timur. Belangkas diperoleh menggunakan alat tangkap nelayan setempat (dogol - sejenis pukat dan jaring insang) di daerah Teritip dan Manggar, masing-masing pada jarak sekitar 1 dan 2 mil dari garis pantai. Pengambilan belangkas dilakukan mulai Januari hingga Maret 2018 pada fase bulan berbeda. Belangkas yang tertangkap dihitung dan dicatat lokasi penangkapannya serta diamati karakter morfologinya untuk analisis sebaran dan sebagian belangkas diambil darahnya untuk analisis kepastian taksonomi dengan menggunakan penanda gen CO1. Karakter morfologi utama berupa telson yang berbentuk segitiga dan duri kecil yang banyak terdapat pada ophisthosoma, secara genetis menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang dikumpulkan adalah T. tridentatus. Sebagian besar belangkas yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian adalah belangkas dewasa yang menyebar secara acak, dengan lebar prosoma berkisar antara 22,5 hingga 30,5 cm untuk jantan dan 28,5 hingga 37,5 cm untuk betina. Jumlah belangkas terbanyak ditemukan di daerah Teritip dan berdasarkan fase bulan terjadi pada kuarter ketiga. Penelitian ini menguatkan kepastian adanya jenis T. tridentatus di lokasi penelitian dengan ciri yang mudah dikenali serta konektivitas pergerakan T. tridentatus ke lokasi lain di sekitar perairan Balikpapan Timur. ABSTRACTThe tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus is one of marine benthic animals inhabiting East Balikpapan coastal waters. Information on horseshoe crab population in the location is still limited and IUCN broadly classifies the crab in deficient data category. This study was aimed at elucidating the taxonomic certainty genetically and distribution of T. tridentatus in coastal waters of East Balikpapan. The crabs were collected by local gear of fisherman (dogol – a trawl like fishing-gear and gill net) in the Teritip and Manggar areas, each at a distance of 1 and 2 miles from coastline. Collecting takes place between January to March 2018 at different moon phases, location, number and morphological characters of the crabs was recorded and blood was taken from some individuals. Primary morphological characters in the form of triangular shape of telson and abundant tiny spines on ophisthosoma, genetically ascertained that the collected crab is T. tridentatus. Most of these crabs found was adult and randomly dispersed; with the width of prosoma ranged from 22.5 to 30.5 cm for males and 28.5 to 37.5 cm for females. The highest number of crab was found in the Teritip area and in the third quarter moon phase. This study reinforce the certainty of T. tridentatus in the study site with easily recognized morphological characters and the connectivity with other sites around Eastern Balikpapan waters
THE EFFECTS OF FASTING DURATION AND DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF GROUPER SEED TRANSPORTED IN CLOSED SYSTEM
Get PDFIndonesia is an archipelagic country with many locations suit for aquaculture. Grouper hatcheries are still concentrated in a few locations. Therefore, appropriate technology to transport live grouper seed is needed to ensure the survival and health of the seed. This study aimed to determine the duration of fasting before transportation and the optimum density of grouper seed during transportation. Transportation was conducted in closed system, transported using a car, for 24 hours. Grouper seed used for the experiment was cantik hybrid grouper, a cross-breed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (Epinephelus microdon) with an average of size 7.0±0.32 cm. There were 2 experiments in this study. Experiment 1 was different durations of fasting before transprotation: A. 12 hours, B. 24 hours, C. 36 hours and D. 48 hours with the density of 150 seeds/boxes. The result of the first experiment was used to determine the experimental design of experiment 2, which consisted of 4 different densities per boxes: A. 125 seeds, B. 150 seeds, C. 175 seeds and D. 200 seeds. Both of the experiments were conducted in triplicates. The seeds were packed in plastic bags with a thickness 0.08 mm, length 120 cm x width 53 cm, filled with 10 liters of sea water. The results showed that the duration of fasting from 36 to 48 hours had the highest survival rate. Polinomial relation y = -0.0439x2 + 3.7696x + 17.075 with the value of R² = 0.966 illustrated that the optimum duration of fasting was 44 hours. There was a significant difference in densities of seeds during transportation (P<0.05), where the higher density lead to the lower survival rate. The density of 125 seeds/boxes resulted in the highest survival rate, 99.0 ± 1.0%