Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
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Stabilisasi Fikosianin Spirulina platensis Dengan Perlakuan Mikroenkapsulasi Dan pH
Get PDFSpirulina platensis merupakan mikroalga berwarna biru-hijau yang digolongkan ke dalam kelompok Cyanobacteria. S. platensis sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan fungsional karena kandungan pigmen fikosianin yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan. Pigmen fikosianin memiliki stabilitas yang rendah dan sensitif terhadap pH, suhu, oksigen, dan kelembaban, sehingga perlu tindakan lebih lanjut untuk menjaga kestabilannya salah satunya melalui teknik mikroenkapsulasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh mikroenkapsulasi dan pH yang berbeda terhadap stabilitas fikosianin S. platensis. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan, dengan 2 faktor yaitu proses mikroenkapsulasi dan perlakuan pH yang berbeda (pH 4 dan pH 8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses mikroenkapsulasi dan perlakuan pH yang berbeda berpengaruh (P < 0,05) terhadap stabilitas fikosianin S. platensis. Bubuk S. platensis dengan mikroenkapsulasi pada pH 8 menghasilkan nilai degradasi fikosianin 5,32±1,37%, degradasi antioksidan 38,12±0,31%, dan total color different (TCD) 22,1±0,07 lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Nilai relative concentration (CR) fikosianin S. platensis dengan mikroenkapsulasi pada pH 8 adalah 94,68±1,37% dan merupakan nilai CR tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Fikosianin lebih stabil pada bubuk S. platensis dengan mikroenkapsulasi pada pH basa (8), karena struktur fikosianin akan terbuka pada kondisi asam dan menyebabkan presipitasi protein.Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga which is classified into Cyanobacteria. S. platensis is often used as functional food ingredient because their phycocyanin pigment has antioxidant properties. However, the pigment is of low stability and is sensitive to temperature, pH, oxygen, and humidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microencapsulation and pH treatment on the stability of phycocyanin S. platensis. The experimental design used in the study was Completely Randomized Factorial Design with 2 factors namely microencapsulation process and different pH values (pH 4 and pH 8). The results showed that the microencapsulation process and pH treatment had different effects (P <0.05) on the stability of phycocyanin. S. platensis with microencapsulation at pH 8 produced smaller phycocyanin degradation (5.32±1.37%), antioxidant degradation (38.12±0.31%), and total color different (TCD) (22.1±0.07) compared to other treatments. While the relative concentration (CR) value of the microencapsulated phycocyanin in S. platensis was 94.68±1.37%, higher than that of other treatments. Microencapsulation at pH 8 stabilized phycocyanin by preventing precipitation of the protein
Stability of Imported Commercial Fish Oils (Soft Gel) in East Java
Get PDFCommercial fish oils (soft gel) have been widely traded in Indonesia, especially in East Java.The aimof this research was to determine the quality and stability of fish oils (soft gel) in East Java examined bySchaal oven method and to determine the amount of fatty acids in the commercial fish oil. The stabilityof the commercial fish oil was determined based on peroxide value, anisidine value, and total oxidationafter the oils were stored at 40oC for 6 days. The experimental design used in this research was completelyRandomized Design (CRD) with a treatment time of storage (H-0, H-2, H-4 and H-6). The quality of thecommercial fish oils was in accordance with IFOS on the parameters of the FFA, peroxide value, anisidin,and the total oxidation.The stability test results showed the fish oil quality decreased over time and onlyanisidine value was still met the IFOS standards. Sample S4 was found containing the highest amount ofomega 3 ada EPA, while S3 contained the highest amount of DHA
Characteristic of Seaweed Porridge Eucheuma cottonii and Turbinaria conoides as Raw Peel off Mask
Get PDFPeel off seaweed masks have active ingredients and antioxidants are needed. The use of seaweed porridge as raw material for peel off masks is an alternative because it zero waste and low production costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic and the best ratio porridge seaweed of Eucheuma cottonii and Turbinaria conoides as a raw material for peel masks, and also peel masks from the ratio of the best seaweed porridge. The porridge seaweed E. cottonii and T. conoides were characterized including moisture, pH, phytochemicals and antioxidants. The ratio of the best seaweed pulp is formulated for peel off skin masks that characterized by pH, viscosity, dry time, dispersion, antioxidant, and sensory. The results showed that the best porridge ratio of E. cottonii and T. conoides was obtained at a ratio of 1:1 with a pH value of 6.3; IC50 value is 137.36 ppm. Porridge E. cottonii and T. conoides contain a bioactive components. Peeled masks with a 1:1 ratio of seaweed porridge formula have the characteristics of drying time for 25.50 minutes, dispersing power of 5.5 cm, viscosity of 7,200 cP, pH value 6.81, and containing antioxidants 902.58 ppm. Sensory peel off masks seaweed formulas against appearance, color, odor, and texture are no different from peel masks without seaweed formulas and commercial masks
Pengaruh Penyimpanan Terhadap Profil Formaldehida Alami dan Kemunduran Mutu pada Ikan Beloso (Saurida tumbil)
Get PDFIkan beloso (Saurida tumbil) merupakan spesies ikan hasil tangkapan yang dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar dan olahan. Ikan beloso diketahui memiliki kandungan formaldehida alami relatif tinggi dan pada umumnya mengalami peningkatan selama penyimpanan. Formaldehida merupakan senyawa kimia yang dapat membunuh bakteri pembusuk, patogen dan kapang. Senyawa ini bersifat karsinogenik sehingga berbahaya bagi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi mengenai profil formaldehida dan kemunduran mutu ikan beloso selama penyimpanan suhu beku. Bahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan beloso segar yang diambil dari TPI Cituis, Tangerang, Banten. Pengambilan sampel dan analisis dilakukan satu kali setiap bulan selama 4 bulan. Sampel dianalisis profil formaldehida (analisis formaldehida, TMA, TMAO dan DMA) dan profil kemunduran mutunya (TVB-N, derajat keasaman, angka lempeng total dan organoleptik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan beloso memiliki kandungan formaldehida 8,62±3,4 ppm yang meningkat pada bulan penyimpanan pertama kemudian mulai menurun pada penyimpanan selanjutnya, kandungan TMA dan TMAO cenderung meningkat selama penyimpanan. Hasil analisis kemunduran mutu ikan beloso selama penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa kandungan TVB-N meningkat. Kesegaran ikan beloso yang disimpan dalam keadaan beku secara organoleptik hanya mampu bertahan sampai 3 bulan, sedangkan nilai pH dan total bakteri daging ikan beloso mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan lamanya waktu penyimpanan.Greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) is known to contain endogenous formaldehyde content. Formaldehyde can kill spoilage bacteria, pathogens, and molds. However, this compound is also carcinogenic. The present research was conducted to determine the profile of endogenous formaldehyde and deterioration in the quality deterioration of greater lizardfish during frozen storage. The sample was provided from TPI Cituis, Tangerang, Banten. Sampling and analysis to determine the formaldehyde profile and fish deterioration were conducted once in a month for four months. The samples were then analyzed for formaldehyde profiles (formaldehyde, TMA, TMAO, and DMA) and quality deterioration profiles (TVB-N, acidity, TPC, and organoleptic plates). The results showed that greater lizardfish had 8.62±3.4 ppm formaldehyde content, which increased in the first-month storage and then decreased in subsequent months. The content of TMA and TMAO increased during frozen storage. Greater lizardfish quality deterioration analysis during storage showed the increasing of TVB-N content. Based on the organoleptic score, greater lizardfish can be stored for up to three months. The pH value and total bacteria of greater lizardfish increased in line with storage time
Profiling of Catfish Swim Bladder Collagen (Pangasius sp.) Through Enzymatic Proses
Get PDFSwim bladder is a marine byproduct and a potential source of collagen needed by food, cosmetical, biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated the effectiveness of alkaline pretreatment and papain enzyme on the characteristics of collagen from the catfish swim bladders. TThree concentrations of alkaline (0.05; 0.1 and 0.15 M) with were used to pretreat the swim bladders for 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 and 12 hours. The collagen was also treated by papain enzyme with concentrations of 0; 5,000; 10,000; 15,000 and 20,000 U/mg for 24 and 48 hours. The result showed that pretreatment using NaOH 0.05 M for 6 hours effectively reduced the noncollagen protein (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the treatment using papain enzyme with concentration of 5.000 U/mg for 48 hours improved the collagen solubility. The FTIR of collagen showed the existence of a triple helix structure. Meanwhile, the thermal analysis showed collagen gelation transition temperature (Tg) was at 88oC
Karakterisasi asam lemak minyak hati cucut (Centrophorus sp.) yang diekstraksi dengan metode dry rendering
Get PDFShark liver by-product has potential to be reprocessed into valuable products. The aim of this study was to utilize byproduct of shark in West Aceh to become fish oil. The oil was extracted using an oven with different temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) for 8 hours. The results of proximate analysis showed that the protein content was 15.71 ± 0.13%, fat was 14.70 ± 1.66%, moisture was 58.11 ± 0.57%, ash was 1.19 ± 0.006, and carbohydrate was 10.30 ± 2.12%. The yield of liver oil reached 90% and contained omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA. The heavy metal residue of shark liver oil was still below the threshold set by BSN, with an exception for Cd with 0.892 ppm. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 34.75% with palmitic acid as the dominant. Mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was 12.86% with oleic acid was the dominant. Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 17.29% with DHA as the main component. The highest yield of shark liver oil was obtained from extraction at 60°C (49.4%). The heavy metal residue of the oil was still below the threshold, except for Cu. The 50°C extraction temperature was considered as the best treatment resulting fish oil with 41.67% SFA, 14.37% MUFA, and 21.82% PUFA. Keywords: extraction, fatty acid, Shark liver by-product has potential to be reprocessed into valuable products. The aim of this study was to utilize byproduct of shark in West Aceh to become fish oil. The oil was extracted using an oven with different temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) for 8 hours. The results of proximate analysis showed that the protein content was 15.71 ± 0.13%, fat was 14.70 ± 1.66%, moisture was 58.11 ± 0.57%, ash was 1.19 ± 0.006, and carbohydrate was 10.30 ± 2.12%. The yield of liver oil reached 90% and contained omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA. The heavy metal residue of shark liver oil was still below the threshold set by BSN, with an exception for Cd with 0.892 ppm. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 34.75% with palmitic acid as the dominant. Mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was 12.86% with oleic acid was the dominant. Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was 17.29% with DHA as the main component. The highest yield of shark liver oil was obtained from extraction at 60°C (49.4%). The heavy metal residue of the oil was still below the threshold, except for Cu. The 50°C extraction temperature was considered as the best treatment resulting fish oil with 41.67% SFA, 14.37% MUFA, and 21.82% PUFA
Pengaruh teknik pengemasan dan jenis kemasan terhadap mutu dan daya simpan ikan pindang bumbu kuning
Get PDFYellow seasoned pindang fish is one of East Lombok special pindang products made of tamarind and turmeric, yet their shelf life is short. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of technique and types of packaging on the quality and shelf-life of yellow seasoned pindang fish. The method used was experimental method with completely randomized block design of 2 factors: packaging technique (vacuum and non vacuum) and packaging types (Polyprophylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), and Alumunium Polyprophylene (Al-PP). Parameters observed were chemical (pH and water content), physical (value of L and 0Hue), microbial (total microbes and fungi) and shelf-life (fungi, gas formation and color change). The results showed that the technique and packaging types had a significant effect on the pH of the pindang at the 7th day.Packaging technique affected pH and L value at 7th and 14th day, while the moisture content and 0Hue differed markedly only on the 7th day. Packing types affected the pH at 7th and 14th. Vacuum packaging with Polyprophylene (PP) resulted in the lowest total microbials during storage, while the total fungus in all treatments were undetectable. Combination of vacuum packing with PP is recommended as the best treatment to produce yellow seasoned pindang fish, maintaining pH and moisture, preventing growth of fungi and microbes, as well as extending the shelf life up to the 7th day at ambient storage
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Florotanin dari Sargassum sp. pada Susu Segar Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tingkat Penerimaan Konsumen
Get PDFRumput laut cokelat Sargassum sp. mengandung florotanin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan ekstrak florotanin Sargassum sp. pada susu terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Sargassum sp. diekstrak menggunakan etanol 50% kemudian ekstrak diekstraksi lagi menggunakan etil asetat. Ekstrak florotanin ditambahkan ke dalam susu pasteurisasi dengan konsentrasi 0; 0,25%; 0,50% (w/w). Sampel susu selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan, pH, dan komposisi kimia serta tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan susu yang ditambahkan ekstrak florotanin 0; 0,25%; 0,50% dan susu komersial masing-masing 57,64±1,4%; 67,5±6,1%; 71,9±8,74%; dan 32,5±5,77%. Penambahan ekstrak florotanin tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) pada pH dan komposisi kimia akan tetapi berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan penerimaan konsumen terutama pada tingkat kesukaan aroma dan rasa yang cenderung menurun.Brown seaweed Sargassum sp. contains florotanin which can be used as an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of Sargassum sp. on the antioxidant activity and consumer preferences of milk. Sargassum sp. was extracted using 50% ethanol followed by ethyl acetate. The florotanin extract was added to the pasteurized milk at a concentration of 0; 0.25; 0.50% (w/w). The milk was then tested for antioxidant activity, pH, and chemical composition, also the levels of consumer acceptance. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of milk added with florotanin extract at 0; 0.25%; 0.50% and commercial milk were 57.64±1.4%; 67.5±6.1%; 71.9±8.74%; and 32.5±5.77%, respectively. The addition of florotanin extract had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on pH and chemical composition but had a significant effect on antioxidant activity and consumer acceptance (p <0.05), especially at the level of preference for aroma and taste which tended to decrease
Characterization of the oil from the abdomen part of smoked catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) processing by-product
Get PDFSmoke catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) processing place produces waste in the form of fish entrails. Abdominal fat is the main component of fish entrails and is a source of fish oil. This study was aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and composition the catfish abdominal fat. The oil was extracted by rendering the abdominal fat at 70°C for 5 h followed up by purification through bentonite and active charcoal. Crude catfish oil was observed to be semi-solid in texture, yellow and fishy. The purification improved the characteristics of the fish oil. The purified fish oil was white and less fishy. Furthermore, the purification step reduced the free fatty acid content, the acid number and peroxide value up to 11; 4 and 3 fold, respectively. Palmitic, stearic and myristic acid dominated saturated fatty acid group, representing 26.22; 5.06 and 2.85% of the total fat, respectively. Meanwhile, oleic and linoleic represented 40.14 and 19.97 of the total fat, respectively and were the dominant fatty acid of the unsaturated fatty acid group
Profiling of Collagens from Swim Bladder of Catfish (Pangasius sp.) by Acid Extraction
Get PDFSwim bladders of catfish contain high protein, therefore it is can be used as a raw material for collagen. The study aims to determine the chemical characteristics of swim bladders, the pretreatment of non-collagen, extraction of collagen dissolves acid and to evaluate the characteristics of collagen. The method of this study is KOH pretreatment with a concentration of 0,05; 0,1; and 0,15 for 12 hours. The extraction process is done by soaking the sample in a solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 0,25; 0,5 and 0,75 M (ratio 1:10; b/v) and extraction time for 24; 48; and 72 hours at 4oC. The experimental design used for alkaline and acetic acid pretreatment were factorial completely randomized design. The result showed that the protein content of swim bladder was 85,26% (db), the profile of amino acids were dominated by three amino acids namely glycine (56,85 mg/g), prolyne (31,03 mg/g), and alanyne (23,85 mg/g). Using 0,05 M KOH for 8 h was selected as the best pretreatment method for collagen extraction. Extraction method using 0,50 M acetic for 48 h resulted he best collagen which revealed the existence of a triple helix structure and had Tg 84oC