Jurnal Psikologi
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Effects of Argument Quality, Need for Cognition and Issue Involvement to The Attitude Toward a Message Given Through Persuasive Communication
Get PDFThe present study was an experimental study. The goal of the study was to find out the effects of the quality of an argument, need for cognition (NC) and the degree of issue involvement, altogether in determining the attitude toward a message given through persuasive communication. The subjects were 80 students from 121 fresh (entry) students of the Faculty of Psychology, Gadjah Mada University, year 1995/1996. The subject was then randomly assigned to four manipulation groups. Each group was given one of the four types of manipulation, which were combinations of the quality of the arguments (strong or weak) and the degree of issue involvement (high or low). After the manipulation, the subjects were given an attitude scale measuring their favorableness toward the issue. The data was analyzed with three ways factorial ANOVA.
The results supported the hypothesis of the study. It can be concluded that when argument was strong, the higher motivation (that is, the higher NC and the involvement) to process the message, the stronger the favorableness toward the issue. On the other hand, when the argument was weak, higher motivation resulted in weaker favorableness. This study also found that the NC as a motivating factor had stronger influence rather than issue involvement.
Keywords: argument quality, need for cognition, issue involvemen
Kaget, Bingung, Dan Teror: Dimensi Psikokultural Dalam Pengalaman Psikotik
Get PDFPsychotic illness is the most severe form of mental illness. Most of psychological and psychiatric literatures focus on the clinical sympstoms. Very few try to understand the phenomenon from the pasient’s subjective perspective. This article aimed at providing an empathic understanding of having psychotic experience. Using ethnographic method, the researcher worked very closely with nine Javanese who experienced psychotic illness for the first time. The psychotic experiences were narrated by the participants themselves and crossed checked with their families. This article discussed the experience of psychosis from the moment of developing psychological and socio-cultural conflicts which was buried inside (the phase of burrying inside), followed by the emerging of psychotic experience (the phase of escaping control). This paper analyzed how Javanese cultural background of the participants were integrated into psychotic experiences. The themes of kaget (being startled), bingung (confused) and teror (terror) will be discussed.
Keywords: psychotic illness, ethnographic, Javanese cultur
Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Dokter
Get PDFPhysician decision making has an important impact on patient’s recovery and rehabilitation. A qualitative research of decision making process was conducted to explore how physicians arrive at a diagnosis decision. The informants were 11 skilled physicians who interviewed and participated in in-depth interview and observation. Data from interviews with physicians were used to construct and examine theories of decision making. The study found that decision making process would be better if supported by self-sensitivity, clear information, good standard operation procedure, alternatives availability of choices, adequate emotions, meaningful experiences, and good team-work. This study also found that algorithmic model encouraged the decision maker to think systematically and follow a logical sequence through decision making process. Bayesian model that based on probability theory had limitations on applications. The discussion suggests that second generation theories of behavioral decision can be chosen.
Keywords: decision making-physician-qua-lita¬tive researc
Konstruk Teoritis dan Pengukuran Kepemimpinan Profetik
Get PDFConsidering the increased concerns related to the issues of moral and spiritual leadership, I conducted two studies to develop the construct and measure of prophetic leadership. In the first study, three Indonesian Moslem leaders were interviewed to describe their leadership behavior and characteristics from their own praxis. Prophetic leadership is the ability to influence others accomplishing shared objectives that is reinforced by soul enlightenment as the prophets have shown in their time. In the second study, 40 items were generated for measuring prophetic leadership were administrated to 151 employee of Islamic University of Indonesia. The dimensions that represent prophetic leadership consist of sidiq (conscience centred), amanah (trustworthy and highly committed), tabligh (communication skills), and fathonah (problem solver). The construct is translated into a measure called prophetic leadership scale. The results show an empirical support for its construct validity. A positive significant intercorrelations among four dimensions were found. Items were loaded into four different mentioned dimensions. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Keywords: Prophetic leadership, sidiq, amanah, tabligh, fathona
Perbedaan Waktu Pemberian Jawaban dan Hasil Tes Inteligensi Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Lembar Jawaban
Get PDFMany intelligence test administered designed as paper and pencil test. But efficiency demand in this time make it administered using computer answer sheet, and testie forced to give answer by blackening answer dots using 2B computer pencil in answer sheet. This method reduce testie time to think the right answer, and may influence intelligence test result. This study aimed to compare time to fill answer sheet and intelligence test results, between testie who did test with paper and pencil answer sheet and testie who did test with computer answer sheet. Experiment method choseed in this study. Simple design with repeated sample used in first experiment step. Prior, subjects were assigned to fill answer sheet by streak. And then they assigned to give answer by blackening answer dots. Data analysis show that there were significant difference between first and second assignment (F = 192.192, p < 0.05). Two independent group design used in the second experiment step. Subjects were randomly assigned to join control group or experiment group. Subjects in control group did test using paper and pencil answer sheet, while subjects in experiment group did test using computer answer sheet. Data analysis show that there were significant difference in intelligence level between control group and experiment group in CFIT A (t = 1.681, p < 0.05; one tailed), CFIT B (t = 2.289, p < 0.05; one tailed), and CFIT A and B (t = 1.819, p < 0.05; one tailed). Control group consistently higher in intelligence test results than experiment group.
Keywords: intelligence test, CFIT, computer answer shee
GAYA KELEKATAN DAN KEMARAHAN
Get PDFThis study was purposed to differencences angry (experience angry and expression anger) on attachment style (secure, with drawl, and anxious). The hypothesis was that there were differences angry scores (experience angry and expression angry) on attachment styles (secure withdrawal, and anxious). Subject with secure attachment was angry score higher than subject with withdrawal and anxious attachment style.
There was 100 subjects participation in this study. There were two scales, which are attachment style scale and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXY).
The result is that there is differences experience and expression anger between three attachment styles. Subject with secure attachment style have experiences angry (trait anger & state anger) and expressions anger (anger-in, anger-out) lower than subjects with the others; and mean score anger control subject’s is higher than the others.
Keywords: attachment style, angr
PENGARUH TAYANGAN ADEGAN KEKERASAN YANG NYATA TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS
Get PDFThis research is intended to find the effects of real violence on aggressiveness. The hypothesis states that real violence shown on television will increase the aggressiveness of the viewer.
The subjects of the research were 105 soldiers from the 403rd Infantry Battalion /WP. Experimental design were used as a method the pre-test post-test two-group. Data were obtained by an adaptation of the questionnaire made by Buss & Perry (1992), physiological measurement by measuring the systolic & diastolic blood pressure, observation, and interview.
The result shows that real violence on television decreases the aggressiveness of the viewer, who is combat soldiers. The hypothesis is inconsistent with the study’s result because are in military background subjects are used in violence, unlike other researches that uses civilian subjects.
Key Words: Real Violence, Aggressiviveness, Televiso
KONSEPSI GURU TENTANG BELAJAR DAN MENGAJAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF BELAJAR AKTIF
Get PDFThis case study was carried out in 1998 by employing a qualitativinterpretive tradition to invstigate teacher’s conception of the nature of learning and teaching from the Active Learning point of view. The eight school were selected from kecamaan Sewon, Bantul and Kecamatan Umbulharjo Yogyakarta based on the Sub-district educaional Authority. Teachers selected to participate in this study were the best teachers in term of their impleentation of Active Learning in the classroom from each of those schools as recommended by the Principal. Data were gathered by interviewing teachers sample. The data gathered was transcribed then sent to the interviewee for validation, then coded and analyzed. The grounded theory principles of coding were used in analyzing data. This study identified three types of teacher’s conception of learning and teaching from Active Learning approach perspectives: the traditional views, process skill views and constructivist view. It is suggested for further research aimed at investigating to what extent are the teachers able to implement their beliefs and conception of the nature of learning ang teaching into classroom practice.
Keywords: theory of learning-active, learning-educational philosoph
DOUBLE DE-MOTIVATION AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AMONG TEACHERS IN INDONESIA
Get PDFThe “double de-motivation” hypothesis (Carr & MacLachlan, 1993/4; MacLachlan & Carr, 1993) has empirically been established by recent studies (e.g., Carr et al., 1996; McLoughlin & Carr, 1997), however, the other motivational effects on organizational dynamics that this phenomenon symbiosis with has not been explored. One principal human factor that has direct link to double de-motivation is intrinsic motivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the double de-motivation hypothesis and intrinsic motivation among English teachers in Indonesia. A total of 188 participants responded to Carr et al’s (1996) pay and job satisfaction scale and Morse and Weiss’s (1955) Lottery Questionnaire (LQ). Based on pay differential criteria derived from the first segment of pay and job satisfaction scale, expatriate and local teachers were classified into underpaid (n = 66, local teachers), overpaid (n = 60, expatriate teachers), and equitable paid (n = 62, local and expatriate teachers) groups. On the basis of theoretical and literature review of double de-motivation and intrinsic motivation, two hypotheses emerged in this study. First, to replicate double de-motivation, it was predicted that the underpaid and overpaid groups will be de-motivated, thus experiencing double de-motivation as compared with the equitable paid group. The results supported the hypothesis and showed distinctively that the underpaid and overpaid groups were significantly less satisfied or de-motivated than equitable paid group, thus confirming the existence of double de-motivation. Second, it was predicted that the underpaid and overpaid groups will possess less intrinsic motivation as compared to the equitable paid group. The results revealed that both the underpaid and overpaid groups possessed significantly lower level of intrinsic motivation than equitable paid group. The findings are discussed in relation to organisational management for inequity in salary, and the shortcoming of the study is highlighted with a concluding recommendation.
Key words: double de-motivation, inequity, intrinsic motivatio
GUESSING: INSTRUCTED OR DISCOURAGED PENALIZED OR UNPENALIZED?
Get PDFThe answers of those questions are found through computerized guessing simulations, using TPA items answered by 1395 examinees in response to instruction that discouraged guessing. The results show that guessing shortened the score effectivity range of the subtests, and increasing average subtest scores, which means increasing the average index of difficulty levels (decreasing item difficulties). Subtest scores penalized for guessing tend to be justly corrected, and subtest scale scores based on norms for guessing option B only, or C only, with or without penalty yield high correlations ( .92 to .99) with the original scale scores (without guessing nor penalty). Using random option guessing slightly lowers the correlations (.88 to .97). Guessing penalized or unpenalized yield the same slightly lower alpha reliability (around 0, 03). Thus guessing should be encouraged, especiallyfor the benefit of those who are too anxious to guess, or unwilling to take the risk. Even in the process of scoring, guessing could be provided for blank responses.
Keywords: Guessing, penalized, unpenalized