Jurnal Filsafat
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Hubungan Filsafat dengan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Relevansinya Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 (Society 5.0)
Get PDFPhilosophy and science are human efforts in understanding the concepts and methods of a scientific discipline. The changing times and developments have ushered the philosophy of a configuration by showing how the "tree of knowledge" grows and branches fruitfully from each of the disciplines, to break away from the trunk of its philosophy, develop and follow its methodological trends. This research method uses the hermeneutic method in explaining the reality that occurs with elements of interpretation and description. The results of the research can be described that the study of the relationship between philosophy and science has progressed so intensely. Philosophy and science are indispensable for their presence during the development of science and technology which is marked by the sharpening of scientific specialization, because by studying philosophy scientists are expected to be aware of their limitations so as not to be trapped into intellectual arrogance. It is impossible to counter-discourse developing science and technology, but rather to reduce the negative impact of the technology itself. In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, the community groups are very heterogeneous, so it is very risky to the problems faced regarding the development of technology and can change the mindset of life into a more sophisticated pattern of life with the power of technology such as robots and the internet. So the science that is used as an axiological milestone in directing and controlling the development of science and technology in a positive way for the benefit of mankind and its environment is philosophy and science.
Panic Buying: Konsumerisme Masyarakat Indonesia di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Perspektif Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan
Get PDFThe development of technology in the contemporary era raises various problems of humanitarian crises. The humanitarian crisis was caused by rapid development of capitalist ideology, technology and science. Mass purchases in a short period of time in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic made subjects consume unnecessary items. The subject has a split in understanding reality. Lacan's psychoanalysis is important in understanding the lifestyle of the consumerist society amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The Lacan trilogy is able to analyze of humans as subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine the background of panic buying behavior in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research method is a literature study, aimed at analyzing panic buying behavior as a form of consumerism, with the theoretical framework of Jaques Lacan's psychoanalysis. The result of this research is that the currently present subject is a subject in interaction with pure reality which is translated into a symbolic code. A subject who seeks happiness with the desire to be someone else and to calm his panic in an unstable state. The subject considers consumption to be the answer to anxiety symptoms in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic
JATIDIRI MANUSIA BERDASARKAN FILSAFAT TINDAKAN HANNAH ARENDT PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MANUSIA: RELEVANSI DENGAN PELANGGARAN HAM TAHUN 1965-1966 DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe essential problem of human rights violation is a matter of human life. The issue raises many new problems, including the trauma suffered by victims and guilty feelings experienced by perpetrators. Some cases of human rights violation, can often be resolved by the constitutional court. Other cases cannot be solved by laws and regulations that have been established. In such cases, it requires an accomplishment by using another point of view, for example, by understanding the basic structure of human person, based on Hannah Arendt's philosophy of action. This research is a qualitative research with emphasises library research in obtaining data. Methods used in this study are hermeneutics, and heuristics. The formal object is human person that is part of philosophy of human. Theory of human person which is categorized into three parts, namely: the personality of human, self identity of human, and the uniqueness in the sociality of human. The result of this research is an exposure of the philosophy of human action, as an ultimate activity in the vita activa. Human beings as individuals, are body and soul; soul and mind. Self identity is understood not only as the present, but also the past and the projections of the future. Human beings develop continuously in the historicity of the time, so that each individual is unique from the others. This uniqueness colors the difference in plurality of life which is expected to keep the friendship in a community. Arendt's philosophy has been successfully answered the problem for human rights violation during the under Nazi rule. Arendt's analysis of the problem for the emphasis on the human personality-conscious thinking in a situation that tends to be authoritarian. Another analysis is the human ability to forgive, promise and build friendship. It is inspire to answer the problem for human rights violation at Indonesia upon 1965-1966. Understanding based on consciousness thinking, forgiveness, promise and friendship will break the cycle of revenge, restore social memory, and ensure the creation of rights of every citizen
Kesempurnaan sebagai Orientasi Keilmuan dalam Teosofi Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul
Get PDFKnowledge and science are central issues in epistemological debates. The paradigm of knowledge will imply on the methods and means that are used to achieve truth. The social contexts which influence the tradition of thought have also a strong impact on the construction of scientific paradigms. Different social contexts is the reason why the western and eastern scientific paradigms are considered to have different characteristics. In the tradition of eastern thought there are various opinions on scientific paradigm. One of which is from the perspective of Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul. By using the hermeneutic method, the author attempts to answer the question how is the concept of science and its characteristics from the perspective of Suhrawardi and what are the methods and the orientation of science that used by the perspective of Mazhab Al-Isyraqiyyah that Suhrawardi Al-Maqtul created. The paper proposes that the concept of science in Suhrawardi’s thought resulted from syncretism of various previous eastern thoughts. Suhrawardi understood the plurality of methods that can be used, namely the burhani method with ratio and evidence, as well as the irfani method that comes from intuition. The method must be suitable for the objects of study, which is Suhrawardi’s, encompasses not only aspects of the physical world but also the non-physical supra-worldly. The orientation of this thought is not only to achieve the validity of knowledge but to achieve the perfection of knowledge or the transformation from the dark to the light of knowledge.
CHARACTER BUILDING DALAM KONSEP PENDIDIKAN IMAM ZARKASYI DITINJAU DARI FILSAFAT MORAL IBNU MISKAWAIH
Get PDFPudarnya nilai-nilai moralitas dalam kehidupan masyarakat, terlebih dalam birokrasi politik dan pemerintahan, ditunjukkan oleh berbagai anomali dan immoralitas, seperti korupsi, sudah menjadi norma dan budaya yang sulit dikendalikan. Kondisi spirit dan moralitas bangsa yang sedemikian ini menunjukkan urgensi pengembangan kembali model pendidikan karakter sebagai upaya national healing. Imam Zarkasyi,pendiri Pondok Pesantren Modern Gontor, menerapkan character building dalam pendidikan modernnya. Ditinjau dari filsafat akhlak Miskawaih, Imam Zarkasyi mengajarkan keutamaan akhlak dengan mentransformasi livingvalues dari Panca Jiwa dan Motto Kemodernan. Upaya pembaharuan sistem, metode, dan kurikulum pendidikan dilakukan dalam rangka pembangunan karakter, dengan menerapkan prinsip jalan tengah (the Golden Mean) Ibnu Miskawaih, tetapi ia dudukkan dalam konteks modernisme pendidikan Islam. Beberapa aspek pendidikan karakter Imam Zarkasy yang sangat mendukung bagiprogram pendidikan karakter dan menemukan relevasinya adalah: pertama, keunggulan wawasan kepemimpinan dalam model pesantrennya; kedua, konsepsi teleologis tentang akhlak mulia sebagai tujuan pendidikan karakter; ketiga, pengembangan metodis melalui lingkungan pendidikan bermodel pondok pesantren agar pendidikan lebih optimal dan efisien; keempat, sumbangan praksis berupa kurikulum yang integral dan komprehensif. Di dalam konsep dan gerakan pembaharuan pendidikan yang ia lakukan, terkandung konsep pendidikan karakter yang cukup matang dan teruji sehingga patut digali manfaatnya oleh bangsa ini
MAKNA KEJAHATAN STRUKTURAL KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI STRUKTURASI ANTHONY GIDDENS
Get PDFKorupsi adalah realitas kejahatan yang tidak lepas dari struktur dan agensi manusia. Perspektif teori strukturasi menekankan adanya relasi dualitas antara agen dan struktur. Struktur meliputi aturan-aturan dan sumberdaya-sumberdaya, serta sistem sosial yang dimobilisasi dalam ruang-waktu oleh agenagen sosial. Korupsi sebagai kejahatan struktural melibatkan struktur mikro dan struktur makro. Pertama, korupsi merupakan kejahatan yang terjadi akibat banalitas (pembiaran/pembiasaan) yang motifnya adalah keserakahan, ketidakjujuran, kesombongan, kepicikan, kedangkalan berpikir dan kepuasan yang sifatnya subjektif. Motif-motif ini terbungkus dalam sistem produksi dan reproduksi aktivitas sosial yang bersifat dialektik. Kedua, korupsi ditopang oleh kondisi modernitas yang mengglobal akibat peristiwa; perentangan ruangwaktu, perkembangan mekanisme pencabutan/ketaktersimpanan lokalitas konteks, dan perkembangan refleksivitas pengetahuan. Agen-agennya adalah mereka yang memiliki nilai intervensi (efek) terhadap suatu tindakan yang korup. Berbagai upaya pembenaran terhadap tindakan korupsi merupakan bentuk rasionalisasi tindakan oleh agen manusia sebagai makhluk kreatif dan refleksif. Motifnya adalah untuk menghindari tanggung jawab moral dan hukum sosial. Perubahan sosial yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan 'derutinisasi' struktur atau mengambil jarak dengan pengawasan refleksif dari struktur yang mengekang sekaligus memberdayakan benih-benih korupsi yang melibatkan struktur signifikasi, dominasi, dan legitimasi dalam konstitusi-konstitusi sosial
NILAI FILOSOFIS BUDAYA MATRILINEAL DI MINANGKABAU (RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENGEMBANGAN HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA)
No full textPenelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif untuk menemukan esensi budaya matrilineal adat Minangkabau menurut Filsafat Feminisme. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan membagi daerah penelitian di Sumatera Barat ke dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu Minang Pesisir dan Minang Bukit. Selanjutnya peneliti mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung ke daerah tersebut untuk mendapatkan bukti dan data tentang sistem matrilineal di Sumatera Barat. Data yang sudah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode interpretasi dan hermeneutika yang selanjutnya dijabarkan ke dalam suatu konsep yang dapat dipakai sebagai bahan masukan bagi perkembangan proses penegakan hak-hak perempuan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi perkembangan gerakan- gerakan wanita dan undang-undang tentang kewanitaan di Indonesia dari sisi yang lebih sesuai dengan kepribadian dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia sendiri karena diangkat dari kearifan lokal dan budaya lokal masyarakat Indonesia sehingga diharapkan akan lebih sesuai dalam rangka menawarkan nilainilai feminis yang sesuai untuk masyarakat Indonesia
PENGANTAR
Get PDFJurnal Filsafat pada volume 16, Nomor 3, Desember 2006 ini memuat artikel-artikel dengan tema filsafat manusia. Perhatian manusia terhadap dirinya sendiri, dalam pemikiran filsafat, untuk pertama kalinya diserukan oleh Socrates, “gnoti seauton” katanya; “kenali dirimu sendiri”. Seruan Socrates ini menjadi bermakna ketika manusia asyik memperhatikan objek lain di luar dirinya (baca alam semesta); sehingga perhatian terhadap dirinya sendiri menjadi tidak memadai. Dalam konteks kekinian, ditengah kekaguman terhadap hal-hal di luar diri manusia (baca harta benda material, jabatan, ilmu, isme-isme, dan lain-lain), perhatian terhadap diri manusia menjadi penting. Akibat yang akan segera muncul ketika kekaguman dan perhatian yang berlebihan terhadap hal-hal di luar manusia melebihi perhatian terhadap diri manusia adalah semakin ter-alienasi-nya manusia dari dirinya sendiri. Ini berarti manusia menjadi “mandul” segala potensi tidak akan pernah aktual. Akhirnya, mudah-mudahan tema-tema tentang manusia dalam artikel-artikel Jurnal Filsafat ini mengingatkan kita untuk selalu sadar diri
Penormaan Hukum Islam dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia Ditinjau dari Ajaran Teologi Hukum Thomas Aquinas
Get PDFThe arrangement of Islamic law in the Indonesian legal system, which is manifested in statutory regulations, is an indication that Islamic law has become part of the Indonesian legal system. This is interesting when viewed using Thomas Aquinas' legal theology which introduces a legal dichotomy based on its sources, namely lex aeterna, lex naturalist, and lex humana. The dichotomy becomes a perspective to see at what level Islamic law is embedded in the Indonesian legal system. This research examines the existence of arrangement of Islamic law in statutory regulations from the perspective of legal theology, with research questions: (a) What is the justification for the arrangement of Islamic law substance in the Indonesian legal system? (b) How is the arrangement of the substance of Islamic law in the Indonesian legal system when viewed from the teachings of Thomas Aquinas' legal theology? This is normative legal research, by analyzing secondary data in the form of laws and libraries related to the arrangement of Islamic law and the teachings of the legal theology of Thomas Aquinas. The results indicate that the justification for the arrangement of the substance of Islamic law in the Indonesian legal system has a strong foothold because it is stated in the Pancasila "God Almighty" and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The teachings of legal theology of Thomas Aquinas show that arrangement of the substance of Islamic law in statutory regulations does not necessarily reduce the degree of Islamic law, because the substance of Islamic law in statutory regulations does not transform lex aeterna into lex humana