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Jacques Derrida's Deconstruction Interpretation of Mining Permit Policy for Religious Community Organizations in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to argue that the mining permit policy for religious organizations in Indonesia, as stipulated in Government Regulation No. 25 of 2024, is an act of deconstruction in the social and public policy spheres. Deconstruction, as a radical hermeneutics coined by Jacques Derrida, rejects the existence of absolute meaning (logocentrism) that dominates the understanding of texts (reality). In this context, the study highlights how the policy dismantles the old assumption that religious community organizations are only suitable to operate in the religious sphere and do not have the capability to manage mines. The process of dismantling logocentrism is analyzed in detail through six key stages of deconstruction: (1) Difference, which emphasizes the distinction and suspension of meaning between the traditional role of religious organizations and new opportunities in the mining sector; (2) Traces, which are traces of meaning recorded in public discourse and diverse responses from various parties; (3) Dissemination, which is the spread of new meanings that allow policy interpretations to develop dynamically beyond the initial intentions of policymakers; (4) Undecidability, where the meaning of a policy cannot be decided absolutely as good or bad, but is always open to negotiation; (5) Supplement, which shows that the meaning of policy is influenced by the ever-changing social, political, and economic context; and (6) Iterability, which emphasizes the autonomy of policy texts to be continuously reinterpreted by various social actors. The research results confirm that this policy is not merely an administrative change but has shaken the old structure of meaning and opened up space for dialogue across perspectives. The study recommends that the process of evaluation and critical dialogue across perspectives be kept open so that policies can develop adaptively and inclusively in line with changing times and minimize any potential negative impacts
W. J. T. Mitchell's Core Ideas on Image and Text
Get PDFThis study examines the important ideas of W.J.T. Mitchell’s theories on image and text. The link between word and image has long been a topic of controversy, from Plato's differentiation between "word" and "image" in ancient Greece to the current debates around image-text interaction in AI technology. The study of images and words, or iconology, frequently leads to discussions about how politics, power, reality, and value are related to images and texts. An eminent iconologist, William John Thomas (W. J. T.) Mitchell coined the phrase "pictorial turn" in 1994 to counter the linguistic movement, which had replaced the importance of images with language. Mitchell’s theory of image and text covers important ideas such as the pictorial turn, metapicture, biopicture, and the idea of image and text as mixed media. His work covers a broad range of subjects, from media aesthetics, visual culture, iconology, to image theory. The necessity to examine Mitchell's contributions to the study of image and text is expanding as his theories become more and more well-known worldwide.The purpose of this essay is to examine Mitchell's concepts, paying special attention to the dynamic interaction between word and image. In summary, Mitchell's "pictorial turn" positions pictures as dynamic entities and emphasizes their importance in scholarly discourse and culture. His work addresses unresolved questions concerning the nature of images, their connection to language, their historical relevance, and their effect on viewers. Mitchell challenges the traditional understanding of images as passive objects by introducing the idea of "metapictures"—images that reflect on their own nature—and transforming images into active subjects that are capable of self-theorization. The distinction between text and image is blurred by this reinterpretation, which also promotes a greater understanding of the nuanced ways that visual culture influences and reflects the human condition
Camusian Rebellion and the Ethical Limits of Posthumanism
Get PDFThis article examines how Albert Camus’s concepts of absurdity and rebellion can serve as an ethical framework in responding to posthumanist ideologies that challenge human subjectivity and autonomy. The research objective is to critically analyze the relevance of Camus’s existential philosophy in addressing the ethical dilemmas posed by posthumanism, particularly regarding technological transcendence and the erosion of human finitude. Adopting a normative-philosophical approach with textual analysis, the study investigates whether Camus’s notion of authentic rebellion offers a critical stance against posthumanist aspirations. The findings reveal that Camus’s idea of rebellion, grounded in justice, limits, and dignity, provides a strong ethical response to the dehumanizing effects of posthumanism. The study concludes that Camusian ethics affirms human responsibility and offers resistance to metaphysical escapism in hyper-technological contexts
Al-Faruqi's Islamization of Science in Sardar's Critical Perspective
Get PDFThis research conducts an in-depth analysis of Ziauddin Sardar's views on the concept of Islamization of science promoted by Ismail Raji al-Faruqi. By exploring the works of the two figures, this research reveals in detail Sardar's criticisms of the epistemological, paradigmatic and methodological foundations underlying the Islamization of science. The analysis shows that Sardar has fundamental concerns about the potential of the Islamization of science to limit the diversity of knowledge, shift established scientific paradigms, and sacrifice the rigor of research methodology. According to Sardar, attempts to impose Islamic views into all aspects of science risk stifling the development of science as a whole. This study also presents a more thoughtful interpretation. The author argues that the Islamization of science should not be understood as a way to completely overhaul established scientific paradigms and methods. Instead, the Islamization of science can be an opportunity to expand our understanding of natural phenomena by integrating Islamic perspectives. With descriptive analysis, this study concludes that the Islamization of science can be a bridge to a more comprehensive synthesis of knowledge, provided it is done wisely and avoids oversimplification. In responding to the concept of Islamization of science, Sardar offers constructive criticism. He reminds us to maintain harmony between religious values and academic autonomy in advancing science. While critical of certain aspects, Sardar does not entirely dismiss the concept. He advocates for a more inclusive and open dialogue among Muslim scientists and Islamic scholars to collaboratively develop a model of Islamization that is both relevant to contemporary challenges and compatible with the principles of scientific inquiry
Declining Democracy and Constrained Voices: A Habermasian and Foucauldian Critique of Indonesian Freedom of Expression
Get PDFThis article analyzes the state of freedom of expression in the context of democratic decline in Indonesia, using the concepts of Jurgen Habermas's public sphere and Michel Foucault's governmentality. The aim is to defend the basic principles of democracy by emphasizing the urgency of freedom of expression to respond to this political condition. Habermas's idea of the public sphere emphasizes the importance of a rational and open discussion space to encourage the formation of deliberative democracy. Meanwhile, Foucault's idea of governmentality will be employed to understand how the state produces regulations and disciplines citizen behavior through certain discourses for certain interests. This article shows that the practice of freedom of expression in Indonesia has been constrained by regulations in the form of rules and regulations and subtle discursive practices, such as the mainstreaming of democratic politeness discourse. The first part of this article discusses the relationship between Indonesia's democratic regression and the situation of freedom of expression in Indonesia. The second part is an assessment of the situation of freedom of expression using Habermas's concept of the public sphere. The third part focuses on the governmentality practices carried out by the state to repress freedom of expression
Teachers as Moral Agents: The Ethics of Care and Educational Responsibility
Get PDFThis article examines the ethics of care through the concepts developed by prominent thinkers in the field, such as Nel Noddings and Joan Tronto. Their concepts can be effectively integrated into educational practices. The ethics of care emphasizes the significance of attending to others and our environment through concrete actions, a principle especially pertinent within educational settings. Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review of key works on the ethics of care, this study primarily utilizes Noddings' framework as its foundational analytical lens. The findings highlight that collaboration between teachers and students is crucial for cultivating a caring character. Furthermore, positive role models and support from the surrounding environment are vital in motivating individuals, thus enabling them to give positive contributions to society and the environment. This demonstrates that young learners, including those with special needs, can make significant positive contributions to society and the environment. In conclusion, education rooted in the ethics of care not only supports students' moral development but also lays the groundwork for fostering a more empathetic and socially responsible generation
Computational and Thought Language: Beyond The Searle-Dennet Paradigm
Get PDFThis study examines the ontological tension in the debate between John R. Searle and Daniel C. Dennett regarding the relationship between language and consciousness, and then proposes the model of computational language and thought language as a new analytical framework. Computational language is understood as a syntactic, algorithm-based language without intentionality. Conversely, thought language is a conceptual-intentional expression rooted in phenomenological consciousness. Through a conceptual-critical analysis, this study demonstrates that artificial intelligence can only produce computational language, whereas thought language cannot be reduced to computational operations. Neurocognitive evidence, such as activation of Broca’s area in syntactic processing, supports the description of computational language, while thought language remains positioned as an ontological construct beyond empirical verification. This model not only maps the epistemic limits of artificial intelligence but also opens new avenues for reflection in the philosophy of mind, language, and technology
Why Mathematics Shapes Reality: A Philosophical Inquiry
Get PDFMost discussions in the philosophy of mathematics have been dominated by questions concerning the nature of mathematical entities, such as numbers and sets, while comparatively little attention has been given to the applicability of mathematics. Yet mathematics has played an indispensable role in the development of the natural sciences, suggesting that any complete philosophy of mathematics must account for its remarkable effectiveness in describing the physical world. Two major schools of thought, namely Platonism and Nominalism, have largely neglected this issue and seem unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for the tremendous success of mathematics in the physical sciences. However, this limitation does not apply universally across all philosophical approaches. This limitation specifically reflects the weakness of Platonism and Nominalism in connecting mathematical entities to empirical reality. In this article, we investigate the philosophy of mathematics from the standpoint of alternative views, particularly Steiner’s Anthropocentric approach and Franklin’s Aristotelian Realism, which offer promising frameworks for understanding the deep connections between mathematics and empirical reality. This preference for alternative approaches is justified by their potential to explain the effectiveness of mathematics as a tool in science, emphasizing its applicability and alignment with scientific contexts. The result of this study indicates that Aristotelian Realism provides a more robust framework for explaining the empirical success of mathematics compared to other approaches. Aristotelian Realism stands out as a superior philosophy of mathematics, centering its applicability as the core of its philosophical understanding
The Psychological Dynamics of Solastalgia: A Reflective Foundation for Indonesian Social Science and Humanities Scholars
Get PDFSolastalgia is a form of existential distress that emerges when individuals experience a rupture in their relationship with their dwelling due to drastic environmental changes. Despite its serious psychological implications, this phenomenon has not been widely discussed, particularly among scholars of social and human sciences, such as psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists in Indonesia. Therefore, this article provides a reflective foundation by drawing on the phenomenologies of Heidegger and Husserl to focus on the meaning of place, self-identity, and emotional attachment. The dynamics of those three factors is what potentially contributes to the emergence of solastalgia. Based on a literature review, this article engages in a reflective discussion on: (1) how dwelling is perceived and understood by individuals; (2) findings regarding the disconnection between individuals and their dwellings; (3) the psychological dynamics of solastalgia; and (4) the urgency of solastalgia research in Indonesia. This study is expected to serve as a reflective point of departure for social and human sciences scholars in Indonesia—such as psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists—who wish to investigate solastalgia in a deeper and more critical manner
Narratives of the Selves and the (in)Tangibility of Vibrant Matter
Get PDFFocusing specifically on how self-narratives transform narratives of other things, the paper focuses on the category of (in)tangibility in vibrant matter. How and in what ways does the (in)tangible quality of things matter in matters and how does it transform the material relationship of narratives? Engaging with theories of new materialism, such as Jane Bennett’s “thing power” and “distributive agency,” and Mel Chen’s discussion on animacy in language, the paper is also in conversation with the genealogy of affective hapticity and the Western tradition of self-narrative. Responding to Jane Bennett’s question on humans and things, the paper suggests that (in)tangibility of matter may offer us a way to better navigate the language gap between things and humans. The paper argues that pausing at moments of (in)tangible processes will make visible how narratives have their own narratives despite the seemingly anthropocentric nature of our reading of narratives. Placing human subjectivities not as the only producers of narratives, the paper demonstrates that things, too, share certain narratives that exist adjacent to the Anthropocene