Jurnal Filsafat
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The Ethics of Utilitarianism in a Circular Economy
Get PDFIn business competition, companies are required to be superior in creating added value for the products and services produced. However, within the limited availability of resources, companies must act wisely in managing business and achieving sustainable business objectives. This paper explains how a businessman can build their business by paying attention to morals. Ethical utilitarianism is an ethical view that emphasizes the goal of maximizing welfare for as many people as possible associated with the circular economy concept. A circular economy is an economic system that focuses on the efficient and responsible use of resources through the recycling, use, and renewal of resources. The study results show that ethical utilitarianism can be applied to circular economy principles and how these principles can bring significant economic and environmental benefits. This article also discusses some of the challenges and potential social injustices associated with implementing a circular economy and how to overcome them through a more inclusive approach
Women’s Equality in Islamic Teachings Seen Through the Perspective of Fair and Civilized Humanity (Kemanusiaan Yang Adil Dan Beradab)
Get PDFThe Islamic vision of women’s equality challenges the view of patriarchal ideology that has been established in the culture of society in various parts of the world. It is important to analyze Islamic teachings regarding women’s equality through the philosophical meaning of a fair and civilized humanity principle. Philosophical analysis produces a paradigmatic and universal understanding. The problem studied is the description of Islamic teachings regarding women’s equality and the analysis results are reviewed from the perspective of a fair and civilized humanity. The aim is to obtain a paradigmatic and universal concept of gender equality. The analysis uses the method of philosophical hermeneutics, through the stages of understanding, interpretation, description, internal coherence, and holistic analysis. The study results show that Islam teaches the position of women to be equal in gender relations, that is, not to demean, not indulge, nor to equate (blurred emancipation) between men and women. The humanity taught by Islam and the second precept of Pancasila is the same, that is, it is based on the nature of human nature. Humanity taught by Islam and the second precept of Pancasila do not differentiate between gender, social status, religious affiliation, ethnic background and race in the contexts of life. Men and women are components together in humanity, because men and women are responsible for realizing fair, civilized and democratic relations
Habermas’ Concept of “Lebenswelt” and System and Its Implication for the Position of Religion in Public Life
Get PDFThe concept of “Lebenswelt” (the lifeworld) and the system are essential in Jürgen Habermas's thought. Habermas understands Lebenswelt as background knowledge that people take for granted naively. It becomes the horizon of their daily communication. He emphasizes the importance of coupling Lebenswelt and system. The uncoupling will make society get loss of meaning. Then we ask how he understands the position of religion in public life. How should we place religion as a part of Lebenswelt in making public law? To answer the question, we did the library research by exploring Habermas's works and his commentators. Then I conclude that Habermas offers accommodative participation to religion in public life through discourse. In the discourse, views inspired by religion can be put forward in the public sphere as far as they undergo a rationalization process. They should be openly discussed and tested instead of being taken for granted naively. Views inspired by religion will be accepted as long as they are rational. Discourse practice requires religious groups to be more mature and rational in formulating their ideas in the public sphere. Religious ideas are no longer positioned as closed and anti-criticism
Should Robots Be Like Humans? A Pragmatic Approach to Social Robotics
Get PDFThis paper describes the instrumentalizing aspects of social robots, which generate the term pragmatic social robot. In contrast to humanoid robots, pragmatic social robots (PSRs) are defined by their instrumentalizing aspects, which consist of language, skill, and artificial intelligence. These technical aspects of social robots have led to the tendency to attribute a selfhood characteristic or anthropomorphism. Anthropomorphism can raise problems of responsibility and the ontological problems of human-technology relations. As a result, there is an antinomy in the research and development of pragmatic social robotics, considering that they are expected to achieve similarity with humans in terms of completing works. How can we avoid anthropomorphism in the research and development of PSRs while ensuring their flexibility? In response to this issue, I suggest intuition should be instrumentalized to advance PSRs’ social skills. Intuition, as theorized by Henry Bergson and Efraim Fischbein, overcomes the capacity of logical analysis to solve problems. Robots should be like humans in the sense that their instrumentalizing aspects meet the criteria for the value of human social skills
A Synthesis Between Phenomenological and Naturalism Approach in Interpreting Home: A Home Bubble Theory
Get PDFA phenomenological interpretation of home is usually done romantically, in which the home is thought to be a source of safety, comfort, and security. This conclusion about home is problematic, considering that if all of these components do not exist in a certain place, the home will dissipate. This research, which was conducted by using the synthesis of horizon method, aims to see if the concept of home can be understood through a new approach that weighs in natural law in human perception towards a certain spacetime. Through this method, home is formed along with the positive connection between a subject with a certain place in a certain spacetime. The memories and experiences of a subject towards a place allow their home bubble that is always carried by them to merge with the bubbles in the environment. The more frequently this merger happens, the subject will have access to more varieties of time. Hence, through this phenomeno-naturalistic perspective, home is defined as a bubble that is dynamic, transformative, and has the ability to be physical and metaphysical entities
Ethical Reflections on the Practice of Pre-Election Polls in Indonesia
Get PDF This paper aims to connect the practice of pre-election polls to moral issues and democracy. Several studies have indicated that pre-election polls have grown to become essential pillars of democracy. The prediction capabilities of pre-election polls can help politicians arrange strategies to listen to the public's voice and win political contestation. However, since the practice of pre-election polls is not only scientific evidence but also political credential, it crosses the blurry boundary where they intersect one another. Consequently, this may exacerbate some pathologies of polls such as method corruption, data manipulation, bandwagon effect, and political mobilization. Focusing on the 2014 and 2019 Indonesia presidential elections, this paper suggests that ethical consideration to ensure the practice of pre-election polls is necessary for bringing the polls back as one of the prime pillars of democracy
Non-ideal Critical Realism Analysis on the Ethical Positions of Secular Doctors Towards Human Genome Editing
Get PDFHuman genome editing could be used to improve human intelligence, appearance, and physical strength. The ethical issues posed by the technology are causing public concern. Secularism views efforts to find moral truth do not depend on supernatural authority. The existence of a secular minority in Indonesia is considered an anomaly in public discourse and is left behind in the morally critical policy-making deliberations on genome editing regulations. The research explored Indonesian secular doctor’s view of human genome editing. This qualitative research used a non-ideal critical realism approach through in-depth interviews and literature review. Secular doctors say that human genomic editing has no different weight from other artificial selection. After conducting a risk-benefit analysis through moral calculus, secular doctors generally have positions and attitudes that support the research and implementation of human genomic editing technology
Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Perennialism Perspective for the Development of Religious Studies in Indonesia
Get PDFOne of phenomena that can be analyzed in modern life of human being nowadays is the dysfunction of religion in the social sphere and the development of science and technology. In the context of getting a solution on such modernity crisis, Seyyed Hossein Nasr offers perennial philosophy, by representing Islamic traditional wisdom in modern life of human beings who suffer from a loss of spiritual dimension. This research aims, first, to know the perspective of Seyyed Hossein Nasr's perennial philosophy, and, second, to explore the relevance of perennial philosophy in Seyyed Hossein Nasr's thought about the study of religion. The research results are: firstly, perennial philosophy is a monumental work of Seyyed Hossein Nasr that unites among religion of Islam, philosophy, and science. For Nasr, perennial philosophy is a universal knowledge; that applies eternal and lasting values or norms which emerged from religion throughout the history of human being. Secondly, Nasr offers perennial philosophy as a perspective for study on religions, especially Islam. According to Nasr, there are three responses, namely: firstly, to criticize modern human being whose non-spirituality caused by secularist paradigm of the West modern science and technology; secondly, excavation and reinforcement of the traditional wisdom; and, thirdly, unity or meeting point of all religions in eternal universal principles