Jurnal Filsafat
Not a member yet
668 research outputs found
Sort by
NGAREKSAKEUN SASAKA PUSAKA BUANA: PANDANGAN ETIKA URANG KANEKES TENTANG HUBUNGAN MANUSIA DENGAN ALAM
Get PDFAbstractThe environmental ethic of the Kanekes people lies in their world view of the navel of the universe (inti jagat), namely Sasaka Pusaka Buana which two primary events took place in a locality they refered to: the origin of the universe and the first humankind who was descended to the earth. The Kanekes people were entrusted to maintain the navel of the universe by a God (Batara Tunggal), and their ancestors (karuhun). Therefore within the moral system of the Kanekes People, the cosmos is regarded as a moral subject, like the human. The environmental ethic of the Kanekes people originates rom their philosophical views and culture, on which they establishes the foundations of their environmental ethic. Then from those bases, the Kanekes people formulates their environmental moral norms, which consist of proximate and ultimate norm. The proximate norms of their morality are their being congruent with the sacredness of the cosmos and Kanekes as the navel of the universe; their being congruent with the holiness of the human soul, which should be maintained; their being congruent with the tradition and the belief of their ancestors; the principles of modest life and the exploitation of things only when necessary. These proximate norms culminated to the ultimate norm which constitutesthe origin and the goal of mankind, i.e. God.Keywords: environmental ethic, ecology, Urang Kanekes, the navelof the universe, indigenous society, Sunda Wiwitan
REFLEKSI METAFISIK PADA SIMBOL MAJANG DAN TARUB DALAM UPACARA PERKAWINAN ADAT JAWA (GAYA JOGJAKARTA)
Get PDFAbstractJavanese always makes symbols that reflect their philosophyof life. One of them is in their wedding ceremony, especially“Majang” and “Tarub”. The “Majang” and “Tarub”, which is such wedding materials, symbolize expectations of Javanese familyto bride and groom in order to get happiness and peaceful life, and messages/ advices to the audience. The Javanese have insights that the quantity of reality tends to be monism. The quality of reality tends to be spiritualism but it still gives us a room to think rationally and pragmatically. The dynamic of reality tends to be idealism without ignoring the realism of life. The ontology norm of Javanese shows a harmony with surroundings, natural and supernatural life.Keyword: majang, tarub, monism, spiritualism, idealism, fatalism, harmony, ritual
KONSEP URANG SABANA URANG DALAM PEPATAH ADAT MINANGKABAU
Get PDFAbstractAccording to Wilhelm Dilthey’s hermeneutic perspective,there are six points in reinterpreting the Minangkabau’s traditional aphorism “Urang sabana urang”. First, understanding of Minangkabau’s way of life is a general process, included in an ordinary life which is expressed in the aphorism. Second, theexpression of the aphorism is called “ausdruck”, Minangkabau’sexpression of life experiment and historicity. Third, humancharacteristics in Minangkabau’s aphorism consist of: “urang,urang-urang, tampan urang, angkuh-angkuh urang, urangurangan, urang sabana urang”. Fourth, “urang sabana urang” is a man who has excellent characteristics. Fifth, the globalization influence and the modern culture have changed Minangkabau’s insight of “urang sabana urang” concept so that it needs a reinterpretation in order to be understood by youth of Minang. Sixth, the epistemological dimension in Minangkabau’s aphorism synthesizes an empirical aspect and rationality. The metaphysical dimension of the aphorism shows a relation between tradition and religion so that it arise the principle of “adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah”. The axiological dimension in the aphorism is seen as a criterion of values which is an obligation for Minangs to prevent their identity as” urang sabana urang”.Keyword: urang sabana urang, adat basandi syarak, syarakbasandi kitabullah, Minangkabau custom aphorism
AKTUALISASI PEMAHAMAN NILAI MENURUT MAX SCHELER BAGI MASA DEPAN BANGSA INDONESIA
Get PDFAbstractScheler is a philosopher who argues that philosophy and real life are not inseparable. Scheler does not base his ideas in aspecific scientific procedure and have no an empirical procedure, but uses an intuition to perform a direct relation with the reality. A morality of human being relied into effect of objective values. A value arrested directly pursuant to intuition. The targets of this research are to formulate descriptively a background philosophical theory of Scheler axiology, values essence, and base of an understanding of values, later then formulate analytically an excess and weakness of Scheler axiology, and basic axiology to Indonesian nation in the future.This research is a library research in Philosophy. Source ofdata collected from bibliographic books which related with thematerial object of this research. The material object of this research is theory Scheler about value. The formal object of this research is Axiology. A primarily materials of this research are books have published about Scheler masterpiece in Ethics and value theory. The steps of this research are sort in data collecting, reduce the data, data classification, interpretation, recapitulating, and reporting. Method of data analyze uses the understanding of interpretation and hermeneutic.The result of this research showed that idea of Scheler philosophy is influenced by Husserl phenomenology. Phenomenology represented methods and philosophy. Phenomenology as a method sorts the steps which must be taken to be able to pure phenomenon. Someone have to starting from subject and its awareness and also to return a pure awareness (intuition). Scheler have a notion, that value look of human being because sticked at a reality. Intelligence or mind cannot have a kind of direct link with values. Values express human being through the emotional intuition (consciousness). The principles of axiology are needed in the nation and state guidance so that pluralism can become the nation strength. An understanding of values through life sensitivity is important in answering multiculturalism of Indonesia. The principles of humanity, unity, and contextuality can be accepted with the sensitivity. The principles of unity and contextuality can make an ethnical group comprehend and have empathy to the other ethnical group values. If multiculturalism is understood through the rational approach, it will emerge ‘right and wrong’ justification without consideration of tolerance and empathy.Keywords: philosophy, values, Indonesian, real life
MENGUAK KEBENARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN
Get PDFAbstractIn discussing about lecturing (teaching and learning) at thehigher education, we are usually too much concerned with theapproaches, methods, media of lecturing, but do seldom or even never pay attention to the objectives of lecturing. We are too much occupied with changing from one method of lecturing to another, for example, from active learning method, contextual method, constructivistic method, student-based curriculum, school-based curriculum, competence-based curriculum, up to curriculum of lesson unit level.Such a complicated thinking is futile unless people are reallyconcerned with directions and objectives of the lecturing activities. In term of lecturing as a way of thinking, the planned activities, we need previously to find out the direction and the goals of the activities, and then we may draw our attention to the methods in order to reach the targeted goals. The targeted goals of lecturing are making students think clearly and distinctly, making students can find the truth of scientific knowledge, making students become problem finders and problem solvers.As academic activities, the lecturing processes should be held scientifically. In addition to obtaining clear scientific stuffs, the lecturing activities should support the students to find the truthof science.After comprehending all types of truth, we may start to find out the description of scientific truth, as the targeted goal to pursue in the scientific activities. Furthermore, we may try to reveal and to find the truth of scientific knowledge in the lecturing activities.Through finding out the description of the truth during the lecturing activities, we expect to have appropriate orientation and steps of implementing the lecturing activities in order to reach the targeted goals of lecturing. By reaching the goals of lecturing, the students are expected to find some benefits from the lecturing activities. Then the activities will not be considered as burden for the students, but rather as the activities resulting in mental richness, generating enlightenment, and increasing students’ abilities.Keywords: lecturing activities, lecturing objectives, targeted goals, enlightenment, scientific truth, mental richness
PARADOKS GENDER (Kajian Feminisme Etis terhadap Kemunculan Inong Balee dalam Kekerasan Politik di Aceh)
Get PDFAbstractThis research aims to get understanding about a definition and a concept of Inong Balee in a political violence in Aceh; secondly, to get an evidence of gender paradox in the Inong Balee’s role and existence in Aceh; thirdly, to criticize the concept of Inong Balee’s gender paradox from Ethical Feminism viewpoint; fourthly, all of them are formulated as a recommendation for a resolution of the political violence in Aceh. The result of this research is the Inong Balee is a general term to show ‘a widow’, so that the Inong Balee is not a woman group’s name of National Liberation Front of Aceh (GAM=Gerakan Aceh Merdeka). The role of Inong Balee as mother bearing and educating children in a domestic region can make a balance with their role as a family head who must struggle in a public region to replace their husband. According to Ethical Feminism, values developed by Inong Balee actually represent the feminine values like patience, mildness, and peacefulness.Keywords: Inong Balee, gender paradox, feminis
CHARACTER BUILDING DALAM KONSEP PENDIDIKAN IMAM ZARKASYI DITINJAU DARI FILSAFAT MORAL IBNU MISKAWAIH
Get PDFDegradation of moral consciousness, especially in the politic and Indonesian government bureaucracy, in recent times that was pictured by various anomalies and immorality, such as a corruption, has become a negative “cultural norm”, which seem very difficult to be controlled. The condition of national spirit and morality suggested the need of redevelopment of model of character education (character building) as a national healing. Imam Zarkasyi implemented several principles of character building in the Pesantren of Darussalam Gontor. He taught his pupils on the basis of the virtues of the excellences with refer to the Panca Jiwa and the Four Mottos of Modernity of the Pesantren as their living values. His reformative efforts in the context of contemporary Islamic education are actually intended to the development of character, in other words, “character building”, by implementing the principle of the Golden Mean of Ibn Miskawaih. Some aspects of Zarkasyi's principles of education that might be supportive for developing the national character education program, and still relevant for today are: firstly, moral education should have the leadership insights; secondly, moral education should have the objective moral values as the teleological purposes; thirdly, moral education should be built through the best environment, in order to be optimized and efficient; and fourthly, moral education curriculum should be integrated and comprehensive. So, the Zarkasyi's concept of character building, and the education movement became the concept of character education that quite mature and should be extracted by our nation
MAKNA KEJAHATAN STRUKTURAL KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI STRUKTURASI ANTHONY GIDDENS
Get PDFCorruption is the reality of crime that can not be separated from the structure and human agency. The perspective of structuration theory emphasizes the duality relation between agents and structures. The structure includes the rules and resources and the social systems are mobilized in space-time by the social agents. Corruption as a structural crime involving micro structures and macro structures. First, corruption is a crime that occurs due to banality (omission/habituation) whose motive is greed, dishonesty, arrogance, pettiness, shallowness of thought and the subjective satisfaction. Motifs are encased in a system of production and reproduction of social activity that is dialectic. Secondly, corruption is sustained by the conditions of a globalized modernity as a result of events like the separation of time and spice, the development of disembedding mechanism of localized context, and the reflexive appropriation of knowledge. Agents are those that have a value of intervention (effect) against a corrupt act. Various efforts to justify acts of corruption is a form of rationalization of actions by human agents as creative and reflexive beings. Their motive is to avoid moral responsibility and social law. Social change can be done by 'deroutinization' of structure or distancing by reflexive monitoring of structure while constraining and enabling the seeds of corruption that involves the structure of signification, domination, and legitimation in the constitutions of society
MENEROPONG STRATEGI KEBUDAYAAN MELALUI KESADARAN HISTORIS “PANTANG MELUPAKAN LELUHUR” ISLAM WETU TELU
Get PDF“Pantang Melupakan Leluhur” is one of devotion's action from Islam Wetu Telu's believers in Desa Bayan, Kecamatan Bayan, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, for the ancestors, as well as the way of life which makes them survive until now. This study was aiming to seek the cultural strategy behind the immortality of the ancestor values and analyze the historical awareness of "Pantang Melupakan Leluhur" Islam Wetu Telu by using philosophical hermeneutics method. The cultural strategy and the historical awareness of Islam Wetu Telu community relies on the feeling of fear and responsibility to what have been achieved and inherited by the past anchestor. The synthesis of spiral and God' destiny indicate that "Pantang Melupakan Leluhur" in the Islam Wetu Telu community is an ideal concept that is suitable with the historical movement of Indonesia which is attached in the identity of Indonesia, Pancasila
PENGANTAR
Get PDFMemasuki paruh kedua tahun 2016 ini, persoalan yang muncul dalam kehidupan manusia semakin lama ternyata semakin kompleks. Tidak hanya bagi masyarakat Indonesia, namun juga bagi masyarakat dunia. Persoalan ideologi misalnya, meskipun bukan lagi persoalan baru, nyatanya hingga saat ini masih terjadi konflik di beberapa negara karena perebutan pengaruh ideologi. Begitu pula dengan persoalan pendidikan. Merosotnya moralitas masyarakat, yang dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya angka kriminalitas dan maraknya konflik antargolongan, menjadi salah satu indikasi bahwa masih diperlukan upaya rekayasa sosial, salah satunya melalui pendidikan