Jurnal Filsafat
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TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP EPISTEMOLOGI IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804)
Get PDFThe background of this article is a metaphysical problem that arose in Immanuel Kant's thought in his Critique of Pure Reason. Through a hermeneutic approach this article aims to analyze the metaphysical problems that arise in Immanuel Kant's epistemology of thought. Based on the research results can be concluded that the unequivocal separation between phenomena and noumena will cause humans will never come to the knowledge of the Transcendent, as well as with moral and aesthetics. This is because such knowledge can only be obtained through my participation as a Subject through the process of continuous existence and more of a personal invitation. In the end it can be concluded that the nature of analog knowledge is the meaning of multidimensional side of human life. This brings consequences to the need for intersubjective dialogue and continual openness. Knowledge is an infinite thing. Human knowledge therefore will never reach the end of the journey but only continuously expanded its horizon
PEMIKIRAN POSTMODERNISME DAN PANDANGANNYA TERHADAP ILMU PENGETAHUAN
Get PDFThe birth of postmodernism can not be separated from the notion of modernism. The view of modernism assumes that the truth of science is absolute and objective, meaning that there is no human value. Here is the birth of a new idea of postmodernism which is one of figures are Jean Francouis Lyotard, postmodernism is a continuation and correction of modernism to provide a new thought and solution in his view of science. For postmodernism, science is not objective but subjective and the interpretation of man himself, so the truth is relative. Postmodernism can not be separated by its weakness and whether it is relevant to today’s life, so postmodernism adds to the acquisition of knowledge which can be accepted by its existence
EPISTEMOLOGI PEMIKIRAN SIR MUHAMMAD IQBAL
Get PDFThis article aims to explore philosophical thoughts of Sir Muhammad Iqbal on several problems which are faced by Moslems. There are three sub topics will be discussed in this article. They are: firstly, characteristic of Iqbal's philosophical thoughts; secondly, roots of Iqbal's philosophical thoughts; and, thirdly, influences of Iqbal's philosophical thoughts toward developments of Western and Islamic philosophy. The material object of this study is Iqbal's philosophical thoughts on several problems of Moslems which will be analyzed by using epistemology as the formal object. This study results three main points. They are: firstly, Iqbal's philosophical thoughts on several problems of Moslems is epistemologically based on Quranic paradigm which is a way to revitalize spirit of intellectualism through three integrated sources of knowledge: sensory perception, reason, and intuition. The Quranic paradigm becomes a thought model of Iqbal especially in reconstructing thoughts of Moslems. Secondly, Iqbal's thoughts are rooted on his belief that ijtihad has a main position in renewal of Islamic thought. Therefore, for him, the Moslems have to open their minds to every good thing, included from the Western, by doing dialogues with Quranic views of Moslems. Thirdly, influence of Iqbal's philosophical thoughts toward developments of Western and Islamic philosophy bases on his success to synthesize Western and Eastern philosophical thoughts with using Quranic paradigm as his epistemological basis
Kritik Pragmatisme Richard Rorty Terhadap Epistemologi Barat Modern
Get PDFThis essay focuses on characteristic of pragmatism and its philosophical function in pragmatism milieu that has been improved by Richard Rorty. It dicussess Rorty’s famous book: Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. In Rorty’s view, pragmatism is a new philosophy orientation that goes beyond modern Western epistemology tradition. Epistemology in Western tradition since the 16-17 Century have been deeply influenced by Descartes, Locke and Kant, who spent great effort in stipulating all formal a priori categories as foundational constitutive factors of human knowledge. Such fondational knowledge is believed to represent reality and creates abstract-apriori and contemplation world. Instead of contemplation, Rorty pragmatism suggests a reverse way of knowing by introducing to the virtue of human’s concrete dimension which is united with dimension of action. In other words, understanding Rorty’s characteristic of pragmatism the same way to understand his critics against modern Western epistemology which has only created an abstract world and contemplation. The paper offers three parts of discussions; firstly, Rorty’s view on modern Western epistemology; followed by general characteristic of Rorty’s pragmatism, and last, its consequence toward philosophy function. Through pragmatism, Rorty affirms his support to plurality of human values and interest as concrete subject
Feminist Epistemology and The Search For Liberating Knowledge
Get PDFThis paper discusses problems in dealing with masculinized knowledge and scientific enterprises, and seeks alternative epistemological strategies in achieving liberating and un-dominated knowledge production. A general problem with "mainstream" epistemology and philosophy of science from feminist perspectives is that the well accepted concept of knowledge and scientific practices derived from it deny the impacts of social and political dimension toward knowing activities and their results. Feminists observed that men and their masculinities have been reproducing their social and political domination into the practices and standard of objective knowledge. The paper takes on two questions. First, how masculinity as dominant social and political norm has influence the production of knowledge? Second, what epistemological strategies would allow the production of less dominating and liberating knowledge? Feminist theories of knowledge built on the belief that rational inquiry is social practice through which gender as cultural and political norms and reference give deep impacts toward knowing process and it results. A theory of liberating knowledge requires acknowledgement and acceptance of multiple methods and models of knowledge in accordance to specific situation of the knowing subjects. Through such epistemological understanding feminist theorists formulated epistemological strategies to reduce masculinity in the rational inquiries and well accepted science
Penolakan Konsep Ketubuhan Patriarkis di dalam Proses Menjadi Perempuan Melalui Pemikiran Merleau-Ponty dan Simone De Beauvoir
Get PDFDescartes’ dualism of mind and body implies relationship of mind and body in the articulation of human thinking. While seemingly reflects both men and women, this concept of dualism has in practice changed due to the existing social construction that differentiate human based on their sex. The ongoing social discrimination against women implies philosophy’s deficiency in addressing human universal issues. In addressing this issue, this research emplyos Merleau-Ponty’s notion of embodied perception and Beauvoir’s conception on ambiguity to argue on the importance of women’s body freedom in understanding the world’s phenomenons around them. The application of these concepts is proposed to provide an independent mode of becoming a woman and to offer a philosophical solution for women’s issues
MENGUSAHAKAN KEBAHAGIAAN DALAM KEGIATAN KERJA
Get PDFWork is a typical human activity that can only be performed by humans. As it is a conscious activity, its purposes and results require understanding. Work is an activity with certain purposes and results which are expected. Those expected purposes and results of work are certainly valuable for human lives. When the valueable aspects of expected purpose are actualised into reality, it will certainly create satisfaction or happiness, as the accompanying value that comes along with it, for individuals who work for it (bonum delectabile). In order to enable activities of work creating happiness in this life, then we need to be aware of the existence of values that can be materialized in work activities. Work therefore will no longer be seen as burdensome and exhaustive human practise in this life. Rather, it will be perceived as a way to materialise the values of life. By exploring and searching for the values which are contained in work, and then struggling for the embodiment these values, it is expected that the embodiment values of life can be maximised. Of course, the embodiment values of life which are being fought for as the expected purpose of work activities will bring happiness in this life
DARI KONSUMERISME KE KONSUMTIVISME (Dalam Perpektif Sejarah Filsafat Barat)
Get PDFIn this paper, the author tries to analyze of the consumptive behavior, especially the wasteful consumption of modern men and unfold of the intrinsic values and philosophical background of consumerism in the history of philosophy perspective (pre and modern western philosophy). He also tries to retrace the meaning movement of the consumerism to consumptivism (high mass consumption) and its social implication to the development of history of human civilization and their environment. The results are analysis on the comsumptive behavior describes the meaning of consumerism that has been changed from its positive sense, as a movement of consumer protection to its negative sense, as a wasteful consumption
Wacana Pragmatis Berbagai Agama Baru di Jepang
Get PDFThe meaning of a religion and how to be religious in everysociety lead to different implication. Japanese define religiondifferently from Indonesian. The New Religions of the Japanesepropose new concepts of easy living, practical, optimism and say,worldly and master of their own destiny. To embrace, religionmeans to take advantage from them. Where as the Indonesianunderstand religion as private property with a lot of duties thatbelievers should follow sincerely