Jurnal Filsafat
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Filsafat Bahasa Biasa Gilbert Ryle dan Relevansinya dengan Konsep Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia
Get PDFAbstrakFilsafat Bahasa adalah salah satu gerakan pemikiran yang sumbangsihnya terhadap berbagai penyelesaian persoalan hidup manusia tidak bisa diabaikan. Salah satu pemuka Filsafat Bahasa adalah Gilbert Ryle yang pemikirannya banyak mempengaruhi pemikir-pemikir sesudahnya. Meskipun begitu, signisifikansi pemikiran Gilbert Ryle tidak banyak dikaji di Indonesia sebanyak para filsuf sezamannya seperti Ludwig Wittgenstein dan J. L. Austin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali pemikiran Gilbert Ryle mengenai konsep Bahasa Biasa dan mengemukakan relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia. Pemaparan mengenai relevansi tersebut untuk menguji keampuhan pemikiran Gilbert Ryle dalam menyelesaikan salah satu problem yang sedang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Metode hermeneutis akan digunakan untuk menganalisis pemikiran filosofis Gilbert Ryle mengenai konsep Bahasa Biasa dan kemudian dijabarkan relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa tugas filsafat bagi Gilbert Ryle adalah aktivitas analisis bahasa menurut Bahasa Sehari-hari atau Bahasa Biasa. Perlu dibedakan antara pernyataan yang bermakna ‘capaian’ (achievement) dengan pernyataan yang bermakna ‘tugas’ (task). Harus pula dibedakan pernyataan yang mengandung pengertian disposisi (dispositional statement) dengan pernyataan yang mengandung pengertian kejadian pertikular (occasional/episodical statement). Mekanisme pembedaan semacam ini adalah cara untuk menghindar dari Kegalatan Kategori. Bertitik tolak dari sinilah pemikiran Gilbert Ryle bisa memberikan sumbangsih berarti bagi pendidikan di Indonesia melalui analisis terhadap konsep Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia. kata kunci: Konsep Bahasa Biasa, Kegalatan Kategori, Pendidikan Karakter. AbstractPhilosophy of language is a movement of thought which contribution in overcoming the problems of human being cannot be neglected. One of this movement’s prominent thinkers is Gilbert Ryle whose thoughts have influenced the later thinkers. In spite of the fact, the significance of Gilbert Ryle’s thought has hardly been studied in Indonesia as frequently as his contemporary philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and J. L. Austin. This research is intended to explore Gilbert Ryle’s thought on the concept of ordinary language and to describe its relevance to the character education in Indonesia. The description of his thought’s relevance is intended to find its effectiveness in overcoming one of the problems of human being life. This Research is a kind of library research. Hermeneutical method is used to analyze Gilbert Ryle’s thought on the concept of ordinary language and, afterwards, it will be described the relevance of his philosophical thought to the concept of character education in Indonesia.The result of this research is that the task of philosophy according to Gilbert Ryle is activity of language analysis in accordance with ordinary language. It must be separated between achievement statements and task statements, and between dispositional statements and occasional/episodical statements. This distinction is a way to avoid the category mistake. Therefore, it is from this point that Gilbert Ryle’s thought can give a useful contribution to education in Indonesia trough the analysis toward the concept of character education in Indonesia. Keywords: The concept of ordinary language, character education, category mistake
Orom Sasadu: Hakikat dan Maknanya Bagi Masyarakat Suku Sahu Di Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara
Get PDFIndonesia has a variety of dining customs. Traditions that can be mentioned, among others Makan Patita in Ambon, Makan Basamo in Padang, Megibung in Bali, Bancakan in Bandung, and Orom Sasadu in Sahu, West Halmahera. This paper aimes to raise the meaning in the traditional dining custom (Orom Sasadu) organized by the Sahu tribe community in West Halmahera, North Maluku. This paper uses a qualitative approach that describes Sasadu's cultural background in Sahu including Orom Sasadu tradition and explores the meaning contained in it. This paper will begin with a general description of the area of West Halmahera where the Sahu tribe lives, be followed by Sasadu's historical background as a traditional house which is the characteristic of the Sahu culture, Sasadu’s architecture, and put forward a few point of views on dining together in a cultural perspective to enrich the paper, and be ended by presenting the Orom Sasadu tradition or traditional dining custom held in Sasadu and its meaning for the Sahu tribe community. This paper concludes that the Sasadu Orom tradition has at least 5 (five) meanings, such as: becoming a venue for enforcing rules that culminate in peace; reinforcing social relations of brotherhood; strengthening the protecting social structure; becoming moral education for the community; and reinforcing the pattern of human relations, especially the Sahu tribe community with its natural environment
Serat Wulangreh: Ajaran Keutamaan Moral Membangun Pribadi yang Luhur
Get PDFThis research explored the content of the teachings of moral virtue within the Serat Wulang Reh. It was aimed to describe the teachings of moral virtue which can shape current generation of the nation in establishing noble personality and strengthen moral characters amidst modernity. This study was bibliographical research based on the philosophical research model of factual historic queries concerning texts. In the process of analyzing research data, researchers used methodical elements namely, interpretation, idealism, comparison, and description. The results described how to be a noble person according to Serat Wulang Reh. First, one must realize the purpose and meaning of life as human and creature of God. The teachings of moral virtue in 'Serat Wulang Reh' outlined the teachings of being religious, e.g. worshiping in five devotions, practicing worships, always remembering God and controlling the carnal desire with care and concern. The teachings of other virtues included developing moral attitudes in family circle, in society and relationship to the state. In conclusion, the harmony of life, salvation of the world and hereafter can be achieved through the implementation of the whole teachings described in Serat Wulang Reh.
Explaining A Narrative in The Critical Philosophy of History
Get PDFThis paper explains the narrative in the study of history which has only been understood as a way of telling what should have happened, not what really happened. Narrative as a philosophical thought will be able to reveal not only the factual side but also the actual side. As a philosophical thought, the narrative should be able to provide a new understanding that narration is not just telling (history as a story), but also how can narration be used to explain the historical actuality? Through a new understanding of narrative, history actually as science becomes parallel to other sciences as philosophy. Historical narratives then present "stories" to "facts explained". Thus, history is present and humane because it is always actual. History as a narrative, thus not only makes history a discourse with a dissertation of evidence but also history as a way of abstracting objects in factual thinking.
KONSEP PEMIKIRAN FILSAFATI MUHAMMAD IQBAL TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PEMBANGUNAN KARAKTER BAGI BANGSA INDONESIA
Get PDFThe title of this research is the concept of philosophical thought of Muhammad Iqbal about education and its relevance of character development for Indonesian. The objective of this research is to find something new on Muhammad Iqbal’s view about education and its relevance with characters development of Indonesian and to do critical evaluation toward Muhammad Iqbal’s thought about education in his books.The method of this research is library research using books as source of data with data analysis method consisting of: data reduction, data classification, data display and hermeneutics method. Hermeneutics is a method to find meaning with countain description methodical, verstehen, interpretation and heuristics. Description is a method collecting verbal data that is and explanation of philosophical thought. Verstehen is a method to comprehend the object of the research by using logic principles. Interpretation is a method to inform the essence of reality. Heuristics is a method to find new things.The result of this research was education according to Muhammad Iqbal view, it should be directed to revive, to support human individuality and to find the source of national culture with giving benefit than created creative activity. The essence of Muhammad Iqbal’s thought about education with the character development of Indonesian could give inspiration to every Indonesian people in order to do self correction toward education that has been carried out so than realized the right situation of education with the noble values as stated in Pancasila
TENTANG REALITAS DARI SEGALA SESUATU
Get PDFThe focus of the discussion in this article contains an analysis of reality, from the lowest level to the highest, based on physical science, Metamathematics and The Higher Infinite. Incompleteness theorem will play an important role in this discussion. As an application of such analysis, it will be discussed in this article the interpretation of Jalaluddin Rumi’s mystical experience of reality via his poem entitled “A Garden Beyond Paradise”. In this poem, Rumi emphasized that there is a reality that is much higher and greater than paradise, namely the reality of the Godhead. Human should not be satisfied with just paradise, he should continue his spiritual journey to unite with the Godhead.
PENGARUH BUDDHISME TERHADAP NEO-KONFUSIANISME DI CINA
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the influence of Indian Buddhism toward Chinese Neo-Confucianism through philosophical perspective. This study uses library research; hermeneutical philosophical method which consists of three elements: descriptive, historical continuity and reflective. Based on data analysis, conclusion can be made such as: Firstly, the influence of Buddhism from India is acceptable and growth rapidly in China because people in China were unsatisfied toward Confucianism and Taoism. Secondly, Neo-Confusianism was a new development, borrowing much from Buddhim and Taoism, it appear as the reaction from the Confuciansim againts the development of Buddhism in China. Thirdly, the Confucianists realized that to compete with Buddhism, they have to give a philosophical thougths from the classics Chinese philosophy and adjust it to nowdays situation and people condition. Fourthly Neo-Confusianism’s thought emphasis on Metaphysics and Ethics in theoritically, therefore it have not fix the Economic and the prosperty in society. Fiftly, Neo-Confusianism reconstructed philosophical thought which the society believe and some from Buddhis
Model Pendidikan Kepramukaan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Paulo Freire
Get PDFThis research examines the model of Indonesia scouting education by employing Paulo Freire’s perspective on philosophy of education. As an object of analysis, the research discusses the debated on the Regulation of Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 63 of 2014 concerning Scouting Education as a Mandatory Extracurricular in Primary and Secondary Education. The result of this study shows that scouting education in Indonesia is a progressive self-learning process for the youth to fully develop themselves. Paulo Freire’s philosophy of education is a concept of education for liberation. It lays in the premise that the ultimate goal of human existence is the process of humanization. The paper argues that, in general, the character of Indonesian scouting education model is dialogical education which involves intersubjectivity process of education. It becomes de-humanizing education practice when the regulation of scouting education as a mandatory extracurricular activity is enacted. The mandatory regulation forces students’ participation in the scouting education, whereby damaging the volunteerism and freedom dimension of education activities. By doing so, the mandatory regulation distorts the problem-posing education strategy already existing in the Indonesian scouting practices
Pengantar
Get PDFAlhamdulillah, adalah satu-satunya kata yang tepat untuk menggambarkan suasana batin dan rasa bersyukur tim redaksi Jurnal Filsafat kepada Allah SWT, karena apa yang sudah lama diperjuangkan dan dicita-citakan, dua dekade lebih sejak1990, akhirnya terwujud dengan terbitnya Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pengembangan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor: 21/E/KPT/2018, Tanggal 9 Juli 2018, Tentang Hasil Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode I Tahun 2018, yang menetapkan Jurnal Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada sebagai Jurnal Ilmiah Terakreditasi Peringkat 2, berlaku 5 tahun sejak Volume 26 Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 sampai Volume 30 Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. Dengan terbitnya SK Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah ini, terbayar sudah kerja keras dan sinergitas energi intelektualitas dan spiritualitas yang terbangun dan terangkai, baik antara sesama tim redaksi secara internal, maupun secara eksternal antara tim redaksi dengan berbagai pihak, seperti: penulis, reviewer, pembaca, dan, tentu saja, dukungan pimpinan staf pendidik dan kependidikan Fakultas Filsafat UGM, yangmemiliki kontribusi besar dalam memperlancar proses terwujudnya harapan institusional dan kolektif sivitas akademika Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada. Sebagai Editor in Chief, saya mengucapkan terimakasih tak terhingga atas berbagai kontribusi tersebut dengan diiringi doa dan harapan semoga menjadi untaian benang emas dalam jalinan kisah hidup di dunia dan berbuah pahala amal saleh dalam kehidupan hakiki di akhirat kelak, Amin Ya Robbal ‘ alamin.Jurnal Filsafat Volume 28 Nomor 2 Agustus 2018 ini menyajikan enam artikel yang beragam. Penulis artikel pertama, Rachmad Hidayat, mendiskusikan persoalan maskulinisme dalam pengetahuan dan aktivitas ilmiah serta menelusuri strategi epistemologis alternatif dalam rangka mencapai model pengetahuan yang membebaskan dan tanpa dominasi. Hasil kajian Hidayat menyimpulkan, teori pengetahuan feminis berlandaskan pada keyakinan bahwa penyelidikan rasional adalah praktik sosial di mana gender sebagai norma dan referensi kultural dan politik memberikan pengaruh mendalam terhadap proses mengetahui dan hasil-hasilnya. Teori pengetahuan yang membebaskan mensyaratkan pengakuan terhadap berbagai metode dan model pengetahuan yang sesuai dengan situasi spesifik subjek yang mengetahui. Dengan pemahaman epistemologi tersebut, pemikir feminis memformulasikan berbagai strategi mengetahui untuk mereduksi muatan maskulinisme dalam praktik pengetahuan dan ilmu yang mapan.Penulis kedua, Prima Amri dan Septiana Dwiputri Maharani, membahas kearifan lokal dalam tradisi ziarah kubro masyarakat Kota Palembang, yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan perspektif hierarki nilai Max Scheler. Menurut keduanya, tradisi ziarah kubro ini mengandung nilai-nilai yang sangat penting di dalam kehidupan bersama sekaligus memiliki kedudukan paling tinggi dalam hierarki nilai Scheler.Pada artikel ketiga, Reza A.A Wattimena, mengkritik pedagogi tradisional di dalam pendidikan dengan menggunakan konsep pedagogi kritis yang dirumuskan oleh Henry Giroux. Menurut Wattimena, pedagogi kritis berupaya mempertanyakan dan mengungkap hubungan-hubungan kekuasaan di dalam masyarakat yang menciptakan penindasan dan ketidakadilan sosial, serta menyediakan wawasan yang luas sekaligus kepekaan moral untuk mendorong orang terlibat di dalam perubahan sosial, guna menciptakan masyarakat yang lebih bebas dan adil. Pedagogi kritis juga mempertanyakan pola pikir neoliberalisme yang kini merasuki berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia. Tulisan Wattimena ini juga melihat kemungkinan diterapkannya konsep pedagogi kritis dari Henry Giroux untuk konteks Indonesia.Retno Daru Dewi G.S. Putri, penulis keempat, mengkaji konsep persepsi yang menubuh Merleau-Ponty untuk menekankan pentingnya tubuh perempuan yang bebas di dalam memahami fenomena yang terjadi di dunia. Selain itu, kesadaran akan ambiguitas yang disampaikan oleh Beauvoir dapat dipadukan dengan pemikiran Merleau-Ponty agar perempuan memahami banyaknya pilihan yang bisa ditentukan secara mandiri. Dengan penerapan pemikiran Merleau-Ponty dan Beauvoir, proses menjadi perempuan atau becoming a woman, menurut G.S. Putri, dapat dilalui secara mandiri dan menjadi solusi yang dihadirkan oleh filsafat untuk isu feminisme.Pada artikel kelima, Rusli Ahmad Junaedi, mengkaji model pendidikan kepramukaan Indonesia dengan sudut pandang filsafat pendidikan Paulo Freire. Hasil kajian Junaedi menyimpulkan bahwa pendidikan kepramukaan merupakan proses belajar mandiri yang progresif bagi kaum muda untuk mengembangkan diri pribadi seutuhnya. Oleh sebab itu, jika menggunakan konsep filsafat pendidikan Paulo Freire, maka hakikat model pendidikan kepramukaan Indonesia semestinya menerapkan sistem pendidikan yang bersifat dialogis dengan hubungan intersubjektivitas.Yuventia Prisca Kalumban, penulis keenam, memilih untuk membahas kritik pragmatisme Richard Rorty terhadap epistemologi Barat modern. Dalam kajiannya, Kalumban menyimpulkan bahwa fungsi filsafat dalam pragmatisme Rorty sejatinya adalah sarana mencapai tujuan hidup manusia. Pragmatisme Rorty mengafirmasi keberagaman nilai dan kepentingan manusia sebagai subjek konkret. Akhirnya, selamat membaca dan menikmati artikel-artikel tersebut