Jurnal Filsafat
Not a member yet
668 research outputs found
Sort by
Metafisika Mediasi Teknologis: Kritik Atas Filsafat Teknologi Klasik
Get PDFThis paper aims to propose philosophical criticism toward 'classical' thinking on philosophy of technology. This set of thinking tends to be trapped in the distinction between subject-object and romantic-pessimisms on the existence of technological dominance. The authors objective is to provide comprehensive understanding through contemporary approaches in philosophy concerning technological mediation. The study employs factual historical analysis and philosophical reflection to understand technological mediation patterns. The result maps point of view that develops a metaphysical orientation of technological mediation in terms of several approaches. Postphenomenological approaches technological mediation in a relational and intentional context rather than providing a subject-object distinction. Actor-network theory improves the asymmetrical relation of humans and non-humans. Simondon and Harman provide for ontological analysis of tools and technology in human relationships. Critical theory of technology opens the chance that technological relations are not only neutral-instrumental but have transformative and emancipatory power. Therefore, the technological mediation approach can become a new subject in the metaphysics of technology discourse in overcoming the limitations of the classical philosophy of technology
Pemaknaan Simbol Representasional Lintas Agama: Sebuah Upaya Merumuskan Alur Rekursif Imposisi Makna Simbol
Get PDFRepresentational symbols of religious identity are open resource of meaning. Instead of reconstructing meaning, interpretation is a recollection of cultural traditions. Therefore, disputes over symbols occur because of conflicting values, perceptions, and worldviews. However, cultural traditions are not static dogmas preserved in religious cultural memory. They are dynamic because they are also influenced by contemporary relations between groups. This paper argues for the fluidity of construction meaning of symbols and the role of social interaction and synthesize two ideas. First, Roland Barthes' view on a social semiotic approach to representational symbol will be raised. Second, the idea of symbolic interaction that meaning is a social construction, defined through interactions between collectives, and manifested in the form of actions following interpretations that arise within the subject of meaning. Finally, the author will formulate a recursive semiotic model as a synthesis of the two discussed approaches. The fluidity of meaning will appear through the definition and redefinition that occur in the recursive process. The conclusion to be drawn is that social relations are the key to the formulation of symbolic meaning
Dikotomi Moral dan Hukum sebagai Problem Epistemologis dalam Konstitusi Modern
Get PDFThis article discusses dichotomy between moral and legal consideration occuring in the modern constitutions that can be traced back in the thoughts of Thomas Aquinas and Niccolo Machiavelli. The analysis focuses on the epistemological aspects of this dichotomy that are rooted for long in the moral and legal concepts in the modern constitution.Through epistemological analysis, the authors conclude that the epistemic root of the dichotomy lie in the contrasting paradigm between supernatural law and modern positivism. While modern constitutionalism constructs moral concepts that presummes Divine truth, the legal concepts oriented to rational truth. These two concepts should be intergrated without dichotomy through the dictum 'moral exaltation in the primacy of the law' so that the law will be able to answer legal issues in the society
Pengantar Redaksi
No full textJurnal Filsafat Volume 30 No. 1 Februari 2020 ini menghadirkan enam artikel dengan cakupan tema yang cukup beragama dari post-truth, ke isu lingkungan dan hak hewan hingga perdebatan tentang dikotomi moral dan hukum. Edisi ini dibuka dengan refleksi seorang pemikir filsafat nasional Professor Franz Magnis-Suseno SJ mengenai kondisi post-truth. Artikelnya bejudul “Philosophy, A Challenge To Post-Truth, Also In Indonesia” adalah desakan untuk mendorong peran filsafat dalam memerangi distribusi kebohongan dalam fenomena post-truth. Tulisan Romo Magnis menekankan bahwa adalah tugas filsafat untuk menantang ketidakbenaran yang bersembunyi dibalik selubung kebenaran. Penulis mencontohtan upaya ini dengan menyingkap tabir kebohongan pada tiga hal yang telah diterima secara luas sebagai kebenaran yaitu tentang apa yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahuan 1965 dan 1966; klaim bahwa Pancasila tidak selaras dengan demokrasi liberal; dan klaim ekstrimisme religius untuk menampilkan kebenaran dari agama. Penulis lebih jauh menekankan ajakan untuk mempertahankan kebebasan berdemokrasi tanpa kompromi. Selanjutnya, tiga penulis dari Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada; Lailiy Muthmainnah, Rizal Mustansyir, dan Sindung Tjahyadi, mengetengahkan kajian mengenai isu lingkungan. Para penulis mempertanyakan kembali basis argumentasi yang dibangun dalam gagasan pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam konteks pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Para penulis artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan tidak terlepas dari modernitas dengan segala persoalan yang ditimbulkannya. Basis argumentasi sustainable development adalah penciptaan kondisi keseimbangan antara kebutuhan generasi sekarang dan kecukupan kebutuhan generasi yang akan datang. Namun tarik ulur pemaknaan konsep keberlanjutan terjatuh pada konteks ekonomi sehingga kalkulasi cost-benefit ter-reduksi ke dalam kalkulasi cash-value. Akibatnya tujuan keseimbangan lingkungan hidup justru bermetamorfosis menjadi bentuk baru antroposentrisme. Ni Nyoman Oktaria Asmarani, menghadirkan polemik tentang praktik kurban hewan dalam ritual adat di Bali dalam tulisannya yang berjudul “Kurban Hewan Dalam Upacara Yadnya: Membunuh Atau Memuliakan?” Yadnya adalah salah satu ibadah masyarakat Hindu Bali yang berarti kurban suci untuk dipersembahkan kepada Tuhan, yakni Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Dalam prosesnya, umat Hindu Bali biasa menggunakan hewan sebagai sesuatu yang dikurbankan untuk upacara yadnya. Bagi para pegiat animal welfare, penggunaan hewan ini dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang tidak patut karena itu berarti hewan hanya dimaknai sebatas pemenuh bagi keperluan manusia saja. Artikel ini berupaya memahami bagaimana hewan dimuliakan melalui berbagai cara, baik melalui pengorbanan dalam Yadnya, maupun memenuhi hak-haknya. Artikel ke empat, Rona Utami dari Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada berfokus padapasien transgender, khususnya transpuan, di Yogyakarta dalam mengakses layanan kesehatanmelalui perspektif etika biomedis Tom L. Beauchamp dan James Childress. Walaupun kelompok transgender tidak mengalami diskriminasiperlakuandalam pelayanan kesehatan tetapi tidak semua anggota transpuan mendapatkan asuransi jaminan sosial yang disediakan oleh pemerintah karena masalah administratif data kependudukan yang belum mengakomodasi pilihan gender mereka. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa diskriminasi berawal dari anggapan bahwa penerima manfaat sosial masih terbatas untuk pilihan gender tertentu. Menurut penulis, kondisi ini bertentangan denganprinsip keadilandalam etika biomedis. Artikel kelima berjudul ”Mitos Penciptaan Pada Serat Purwakandha BrantakusumanDan Potensi Kajian Filsafatnya”, ditulis oleh Sartini dan Luwiyanto dari Fakultas Filsafat Universitas Gadjah Mada. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mitos penciptaan dalam Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman (SPB), bagaimana kekhasannya dibandingkan dengan mitos-mitos di Indonesia dan teori mitos yang ada, dan menjelaskan tema-tema filsafati yang dapat dikaji dari mitos tersebut. Kajian mitos tentang asal-usul tetumbuhan merupakan hal baru karena penelitian yang mengkaji mitos terkait pertanian dan Dewi Sri, pengaruh mitos dalam kehidupan dan aktivitas manusia, bentuk-bentuk ritual dan aktivitas sosial-budaya, serta hubungan antara mitos dan kesenian, lebih banyak terkait dengan asal-usul suatu tempat. Kedua penulis berargumen bahwa mitos penciptaan tetumbuhan dalam SPB berlatar cerita kematian Dewi Tisnawati yang dibuang ke bumi. Mitos dalam SPB dan mitos-mitos di Indonesia berkontribusi mendukung konsep-konsep mitos yang sudah dijelaskan para pemikir besar. Akhirnya, Syafruddin Muhtamar dan Muhammad Asri dari Universitas Hasanuddinmenutup volume ini artikel berjudul “Dikotomi Moral Dan Hukum Sebagai Problem Epistemologis Dalam Konstitusi Modern”. Fokus artikel ini adalah dikotomi moral dan hukum dalam konteks konstitusi modern yang mengakar pada pemikiran Thomas Aquinas dan Niccolo Machiavelli. Analisis difokuskan pada aspek epistemologis yang menjadi akar panjang dikotomi antara konsep moral dan hukum dalam konstitusimodern. Kedua penulismenyimpulkan bahwa paradigma hukum adi-kodrati dan positivisme merupakan akarepistemikdari dikotomi konsep moral dan hukum tersebut. Mengakhiri kata pengantar ini, atas nama redaksi Jurnal Filsafat, kami menghaturkan terima kasih kepada para penulis dan mitra bestari yang telah berkontribusi dalam Volume 30 nomor 1 ini. Kepada para pembaca, kami haturkan selamat membaca dan menikmati setiap artikel pada Jurnal Filsafat edisi ini!
Meninjau Ulang Sustainable Development: Kajian Filosofis Atas Dilema Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Era Post Modern
Get PDFThis study is an attempt to re-question the base arguments forsustainable developmentproposal with regardto environmental management. This attempt is important considering intensive deploymemt of cost and benefit calculations in every environmental management policy, which rooted in the utilitarian philosophical tradition. This research runs in the area of political philosophyandemploys methodical components includingdescription, interpretation, critical analysis, and verstehen. The current research suggests that the emergence of sustainable development as a concept of environment management goes along with modernity with all issues that it brings. The proposal of sustainable developments can be categorized into constructive postmodernismapproach. The main purpose of this proposal is to create a condition of balance between the needs of the present generation and the adequacy of the needs of the future generations. However, the concept appears to raise a new concern considering the meaning of “sustainability”has become contestation with strong tendency to economicconsideration which reduces the calculation of cost-benefits into cash-value calculations. This reductionis tendency leads to a dilemma considering the aspiration of shiftinganthropocentrism to ecocentrismunderlying behind concept of sustainable development will ironically produce a new forms of anthropocentrism
Philosophy, A Challenge To Post-Truth, Also in Indonesia
Get PDFThis article insists that it is the task of philosophy to challenge untruth under the guise of truth. In the first part the author follows how philosophy changed from teachings of wisdom to critique of false truth claims: beginning with Eastern philosophy, with special consideration of Javanese wisdom, through Greek philosophy where philosophy comes into its own right, to Medieval philosophy, until enlightenment clearly establishes philosophy as criticism. Hegel and Critical Philosophy are given special attention. In the second part the author stresses the importance of critical philosophy for Indonesia. He exemplifies this on three widely accepted untruths: untruth about what happened in Indonesia in 1965 and 1966, the claim that Pancasila is incompatible with liberal democracy, and the claim of religious extremism to present truth about religion. The article ends with appeal to defend our democratic freedoms without compromise
Analisis Etika Biomedis Terhadap Pasien Transgender dalam Mengakses Layanan Kesehatan di Yogyakarta
Get PDFThis research focuses on transgender patients discrimination in Yogyakarta in accessing healthcare services. There are two questions on this research: what is the obstacle faced by the transgender-patients in accessing healthcare services? How is the analysis of biomedical ethics seeing this issue? Theresults on this research are despite the facttheywere notbeing discriminated inthehospital, they did not getthe health insurance by the governmentbecause of the administrative issuewhichcan not accommodatetheir genderchoice. Therefore, this researchseeks to understand the barriers of transgender patients in accessing healthcareservices through the perspective of biomedical ethics ofTom L. Beauchamp and James Childress. The researcher concludes that thegeneral ruleon social benefitsappliedin society isstill limitedonlyto the specificgenders. Itis not in accordance with the two principles in biomedical ethics:the principle of justice states that the transgender who is physically harmedhasright to getsocial benefitsto remedy the effect of thedisadvantagesdue to theirnatural property and to have more equal chance of life;and the principle of autonomy states that an autonomous decision of the transgender people to choose their gender is related to the individual rightsalthough they have different view with others andas long as their action do not leave the disadvantage toothers,it must be respected as a moral obligation
Pancasila Sebagai Teks Dialog Lintas Agama dalam Perspektif Hans-Georg Gadamer dan Hans Kung
Get PDFThis article addresses Pancasila as a text of interfaith dialogue in Indonesian context. The plurality of Indonesian society bears religious uniqueness in social life together, while conflicts may take place between religious groups. Religious conflicts are caused by attitude of exclusivism, radicalism, fundamentalism of religions and political identity. Pancasila can hold the sense collectivity among Indonesian society to be united. This article employs Gadamer hermeneutic theory in viewing historical texts. History is not something that only happened in the past and is interrupted with the present contexts. The theory of global ethics-Hans Kung, also helps the importance of dialogue with the religious communities to create religious peace. The article concludes that plural and multicultural society must live together in a dialogue circle. Pancasila as the text of interfaith dialogue is always understood as dynamic, open and relevant in the development of religious society in Indonesia. As the national identity, Pancasila has more than one conception as the lighters and guide toward each dialogue strategy that has been undertaken. The values of Pancasilamaintain inclusive religious attitude, respect to human values, and become a solid foundation in maintaining the unity of religious people
Fi Ra Wali: Revitalisasi Folklor “Saguku Hidupku” Sebagai Identitas Kultural dalam Kosmologi Masyarakat Sentani-Papua
Get PDFThis article aims to describe and explain how the philosophy of fi ra wali (in English: my sago my life) shapes the identity of Sentani people. The objective is to explain this notion (fi ra wali) features as the cultural identity of the Sentani people whichconstructed in everyday engagement (daily interactions) of the Sentani communities. Data for the study was obtained through ethnographic research and phenomenology techniques including participant observation, interviews and literature study. Identity is usually constructed institutionally based on juridical and normative agreements collectively. This article reveals that identity can be constructed narratively, in daily interactions in society. Everyday angagement (daily life) gives birth to authentic experiences that are sacred in social relations, both in physical space and spiritual space of the Sentani people. Identity shapedfrom cosmic-cultural reality that exists in cosmology, is able to integrate society in sui generis (clans), in order to face modernization, which has caused social changes in Sentani society. This article concludes that the fi ra wali as a cultural identity has important contribution to deal with multicultural contexts