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Landuse Change Dynamics and Green Open Space Allocation Strategy Based on Environmentally Sound Regional Budgeting (A Case Study of Bekasi City)
Get PDFMarginalization issue of green open space (ruang terbuka hijau/RTH) with a high level of land conversion to built space in urban area shows that there is no commitment of regional government on a sustainable urban development. Political commitment on the regional government is indicated among others by the weak support of green regional budgeting (APBD) related to RTH. The research was conducted in Bekasi City. The purpose of this research was to determine a model of environmentally sound regional budgeting policy strategy related to allocation of public RTH by using a hard systems and a soft stems approaches. The former was conducted by landuse changes analysis with the factors influencing them, by designing a regional budgeting based on RTH allocating model structure by using a dynamic system approach and to formulate the direction policy using focus group discussion (FGD) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results of landuse change analysis showed that there was an increase in built land area from 5,5% (1.157,77 ha) in 1989 to 70,7% (14.879,85 ha) in 2009. The determinants of landuse changes in RTH were population, educational facilities, markets, supermarkets, ettlements, industries, restaurants, hotels, and inns (R2 = 99,8%). The dynamic model also designed three scenarios of RTH allocating policy strategy (pessimism, moderate, and optimism) with a early simulation in 2010. The optimism scenario was considered as being capable of accommodating the fulfillment of city RTH need really on an assumption of considerable long multiyears budgeting so that in 2030 the target of 20% public RTH would be achieved. The results of analysis by AHP and FGD approaches showed that alternatives were on 2 main policies, namely: agriculture/RTH infrastructure development and RTH land acquiremen
The Economic Impact of International Tourism on the Indonesian Economy
Get PDFTourism has played an important role in the Indonesian economy especially inbound tourists which give foreign exchange earnings. On the other hand, outbound tourists bring dollars outside Indonesia. It will have an impact on tourism balance which is still surplus in the case of Indonesia. This study finds that the surplus of tourism balance tends to decrease. By using econometric models, this study also identifies the variables which influence inbound and outbound tourists both the number of arrival/departure and their average expenditure per visit. GDP was the most influencing variable. Simulation will be applied to identify the impacts of policy on the flow of foreign exchange through international tourism. The results of this simulation will be used to analyze the economic impact of inbound tourists by using Input-Output Model. It shows that exchange rate will give higher impact compared to the other variables. Key words: inbound-outbound tourist, tourism balance, economic impact, econometric model, input-output analysi
Semarang waterfront city is a unique ecosystem with a great variety of potentialities as well as problems in the utilization of natural resources, particularly in the trade-off between economic growth and ecological preservation. Based on those conditions, the research is mainly focused upon designing some scenarios on environmental management, which ensure a profitable synergy of all stakeholders without sacrificing the principles of environmental conservation. Secondly, it is to design an interaction model among variables in the bio-physic, economy and social subsystems, in order to increase sources of learning and sustainable use of natural resources. Using a dynamic system, the main inputs of the designed model are the feasibility of natural resources management as a product of extended cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), the suitable option of natural resources management, as an input of comparative performance index (CPI), the integrated sustainability of using multidimensional scaling, the suitable land-use planning through geographic information system (GIS). From those main inputs the waterfront city environmental management policy can be observed as an output of analytical hierarchy processes (AHP). The feasibility study shows that all of natural resources management options are feasible to be developed, where sustainable management, sustainable harvest and beach protected areas depict the most feasible management options. Based on the results of the integrated sustainability research using multidimension scaling, the management of waterfront cities has to prioritize attention to the five important factors, i.e., (1) the issues of community empowerment; (2) the rate of land utilization; (3) the contribution of the industrial sector; (4) the availability of electricity and; (5) the availability of community organizations. Key words: sustainable environmental management, coastal and marine zone, dynamic and spatial dynamic system, waterfront policy strategy
No full textSemarang waterfront city is a unique ecosystem with a great variety of potentialities as well as problems in the utilization of natural resources, particularly in the trade-off between economic growth and ecological preservation. Based on those conditions, the research is mainly focused upon designing some scenarios on environmental management, which ensure a profitable synergy of all stakeholders without sacrificing the principles of environmental conservation. Secondly, it is to design an interaction model among variables in the bio-physic, economy and social subsystems, in order to increase sources of learning and sustainable use of natural resources. Using a dynamic system, the main inputs of the designed model are the feasibility of natural resources management as a product of extended cost-benefit analysis (ECBA), the suitable option of natural resources management, as an input of comparative performance index (CPI), the integrated sustainability of using multidimensional scaling, the suitable land-use planning through geographic information system (GIS). From those main inputs the waterfront city environmental management policy can be observed as an output of analytical hierarchy processes (AHP). The feasibility study shows that all of natural resources management options are feasible to be developed, where sustainable management, sustainable harvest and beach protected areas depict the most feasible management options. Based on the results of the integrated sustainability research using multidimension scaling, the management of waterfront cities has to prioritize attention to the five important factors, i.e., (1) the issues of community empowerment; (2) the rate of land utilization; (3) the contribution of the industrial sector; (4) the availability of electricity and; (5) the availability of community organizations. Key words: sustainable environmental management, coastal and marine zone, dynamic and spatial dynamic system, waterfront policy strateg
This study was to analyze factors influencing the performance of agricultural extension workers and their impact on the competence of cacao farmers. A number of 116 agricultural extension workers, 116 groups of farmer leaders and 232 cacao farmers from four districts in South Sulawesi were participated in this study. LISREL program with SEM was used in analyzing data. The result shows that the agricultural extension workers performance was influenced significantly by characteristic, competence, motivation and self reliance. The total impact of them was 71%. The suggestion was that their performance must be improved by providing special training to improve their capability in agricultural extension planning, monitoring and evaluation, agricultural extension development and technology dissemination. Key words: agricultural extension workers, competence of cacao farmers, performance
No full textThis study was to analyze factors influencing the performance of agricultural extension workers and their impact on the competence of cacao farmers. A number of 116 agricultural extension workers, 116 groups of farmer leaders and 232 cacao farmers from four districts in South Sulawesi were participated in this study. LISREL program with SEM was used in analyzing data. The result shows that the agricultural extension workers performance was influenced significantly by characteristic, competence, motivation and self reliance. The total impact of them was 71%. The suggestion was that their performance must be improved by providing special training to improve their capability in agricultural extension planning, monitoring and evaluation, agricultural extension development and technology dissemination. Key words: agricultural extension workers, competence of cacao farmers, performanc
Cooperative is an economic organization of farmers who have strategic positions in improving the welfare of its members and is a constitutional mandate to strengthen the national economy in anticipation of neoliberal economic development in an era of global trade. To strengthen the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) requires information through the development model of effective KUD organizational communication. The purposes of this research were (1) to examine the role of KUD organizational communication factors for performance and capacity development as agriculture economic organization, (2) to analyze the correlation of KUD organizational communication factors in associated with KUD role in efforts to improve utilization of rice milling, (3) to formulate a model of KUD organizational communication in anticipating the globalization era. KUD sample of fair active category as the analysis unit consists of five KUD in Karawang District, they are KUD Sri Mukya, KUD Sumber Padi, KUD Warga Bakti, KUD Warga Tani and KUD Mitra Tani. This research was designed with survey method using SEM analysis (structural equation model). It was conducted at research location in December 2009 until March 2010. SEM analysis result showed that there was a positive and significance of the KUD performance to KUD capacity for KUD service quality improvement in the utilization of rice milling, which means testing the main hypothesis or alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Key words: organization communication, village unit cooperatives, role of agricultural mechanization
No full textCooperative is an economic organization of farmers who have strategic positions in improving the welfare of its members and is a constitutional mandate to strengthen the national economy in anticipation of neoliberal economic development in an era of global trade. To strengthen the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD) requires information through the development model of effective KUD organizational communication. The purposes of this research were (1) to examine the role of KUD organizational communication factors for performance and capacity development as agriculture economic organization, (2) to analyze the correlation of KUD organizational communication factors in associated with KUD role in efforts to improve utilization of rice milling, (3) to formulate a model of KUD organizational communication in anticipating the globalization era. KUD sample of fair active category as the analysis unit consists of five KUD in Karawang District, they are KUD Sri Mukya, KUD Sumber Padi, KUD Warga Bakti, KUD Warga Tani and KUD Mitra Tani. This research was designed with survey method using SEM analysis (structural equation model). It was conducted at research location in December 2009 until March 2010. SEM analysis result showed that there was a positive and significance of the KUD performance to KUD capacity for KUD service quality improvement in the utilization of rice milling, which means testing the main hypothesis or alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Key words: organization communication, village unit cooperatives, role of agricultural mechanizatio
This research interests to analyze factors affecting the organizational culture and job satisfaction and how far it affects the organizational commitment of the administrative staff of Indonesia open university (UT). This research uses a sample of 150 administrative staff in the main office to represent the entire class based on the existing population by using stratified random sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of LISREL 8.30 software. SEM analysis results reveal that the factors influencing the UT’s organizational culture are leaders appreciate ideas, accommodate ideas and suggestions, good ideas are not always responded by the top level for the leaders are not close enough to employees, institutions award when problems solved, leaders receive wise advice, institutions specifically encourage improvements in the workplace, and expects to increase and practice the valid work unit procedures. The factors that influence the job satisfaction in UT are being satisfied with the remuneration paid, promotion opportunities, praise, leaders’ skills, leaders’ assertive acts, the work environment, and coworker relationships. Organizational culture and job satisfaction have directly and significantly positive effect on organizational commitment of the UT’s administration staff. These findings indicate that the more adaptive organizational culture and the higher job satisfaction, the higher organizational commitment for UT’s administrative staff. Key words: organizational culture, job satisfaction, organizational commitment
No full textThis research interests to analyze factors affecting the organizational culture and job satisfaction and how far it affects the organizational commitment of the administrative staff of Indonesia open university (UT). This research uses a sample of 150 administrative staff in the main office to represent the entire class based on the existing population by using stratified random sampling method. Data obtained were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of LISREL 8.30 software. SEM analysis results reveal that the factors influencing the UT’s organizational culture are leaders appreciate ideas, accommodate ideas and suggestions, good ideas are not always responded by the top level for the leaders are not close enough to employees, institutions award when problems solved, leaders receive wise advice, institutions specifically encourage improvements in the workplace, and expects to increase and practice the valid work unit procedures. The factors that influence the job satisfaction in UT are being satisfied with the remuneration paid, promotion opportunities, praise, leaders’ skills, leaders’ assertive acts, the work environment, and coworker relationships. Organizational culture and job satisfaction have directly and significantly positive effect on organizational commitment of the UT’s administration staff. These findings indicate that the more adaptive organizational culture and the higher job satisfaction, the higher organizational commitment for UT’s administrative staff. Key words: organizational culture, job satisfaction, organizational commitmen
Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut as wildlife game reserve, that are covered by mangrove forest and are potential region in supporting local and migratory bird life, are one of conservation area in North Sumatera Province. Increasing population number of people surrounding the project area was also followed by the increasing of live needs Gading Beach, which is very susceptible with conversion and high exploitation. The conflict interest requently occurs in case of converting land that caused impact to ecology and economy of properties, and indirectly affect to the decreasing of bird diversity. The objectives of this research were to analyze the relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity. The research was conducted from June to September 2007 in the Karang Gading Beach and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife game reserve, North Sumatera Province. The sampling area was selected four subhabitats consisting of (1) primary mangrove subhabitat, (2) Secondary mangrove subhabitat, (3) intensif embankment subhabitat, and (4) extensive embankment subhabitat. A purposive sampling method was applied for mangrove vegetation, and IPA (indices ponctuels d’abundances) and CC (concentration counts) method were used for bird observe. Results showed that there significant relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity in all subhabitats. The correlation coefficient in primary mangrove subhabitat was higher than those of the other subhabitats. The correlation coefficients of 0.86, 0.92. 0.85, and 0.93 were for primary mangrove. Secondary mangrove, intensive embankment and extensive embankment subhabitat, respectively. Hight variety of tree species in each subhabitat could increase the bird diversity. Key words: structure and composition, mangrove, bird biodiversity
No full textKarang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut as wildlife game reserve, that are covered by mangrove forest and are potential region in supporting local and migratory bird life, are one of conservation area in North Sumatera Province. Increasing population number of people surrounding the project area was also followed by the increasing of live needs Gading Beach, which is very susceptible with conversion and high exploitation. The conflict interest requently occurs in case of converting land that caused impact to ecology and economy of properties, and indirectly affect to the decreasing of bird diversity. The objectives of this research were to analyze the relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity. The research was conducted from June to September 2007 in the Karang Gading Beach and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife game reserve, North Sumatera Province. The sampling area was selected four subhabitats consisting of (1) primary mangrove subhabitat, (2) Secondary mangrove subhabitat, (3) intensif embankment subhabitat, and (4) extensive embankment subhabitat. A purposive sampling method was applied for mangrove vegetation, and IPA (indices ponctuels d’abundances) and CC (concentration counts) method were used for bird observe. Results showed that there significant relationships between the structure and composition of tree species and the bird biodiversity in all subhabitats. The correlation coefficient in primary mangrove subhabitat was higher than those of the other subhabitats. The correlation coefficients of 0.86, 0.92. 0.85, and 0.93 were for primary mangrove. Secondary mangrove, intensive embankment and extensive embankment subhabitat, respectively. Hight variety of tree species in each subhabitat could increase the bird diversity. Key words: structure and composition, mangrove, bird biodiversit
Farming model of the crop livestock system in the paddy field is located at Cianjur Distric. The crop livestock system is an effort to increase rice production that be integrated with livestock. The purpose of the assessment was to find out the role of cattle on the farmer income through the integrated farming system based on the technology innovations on Cianjur district. The integration pattern was the utilization of plant straws as feed and manure for fertilizer. Integrated farming system that has been introduced are paddy planting, livestock fattening, and paddy straw fermentation for food and also ecreement of livestock for organic fertilizer processing. The assessment involved livestock and 5 ha paddy planting area. The farmer consist of 2 groups ie.: 20 cooperator group (integrated system), and 10 control (non integrated). The assessment results showed that rice yield was 5.34 tons/ha of dried ground rice, an increase of 16.09% compared to those yielded by other farmers. The use of inorganic fertilizer decreased urea to 100 kg/ha (N 71.43%), SP-36 50 kg/ha (50%), KCl 50 kg/ha (50%). The average of daily weight gain was 0.89 kg/cattle daily. The income of farmers with the integrated farming system was Rp 9,417,907 for ones hectare land and 2 beef cattle with R/C ratio of 1.27. The average organic fertilizer yielded was 5 kg/cattle daily, the rice straw yielded was 13.20 tons/ha/year. The C/N ratio of composted feces was 19.03%. Total income from paddy (5 ha) and livestock (20 heads) integrated farming system about Rp 24,867,500 and Rp 60,675,333/season and provide R/C value about 1.44, meanwhile R/C value of non integrated farming system about 1.33. It means, paddy and livestock integrated farming system could increase farmer’s income about 69,45% per season compared to non integrated farming. Key words: integration, paddy, livestock, fermentation
No full textFarming model of the crop livestock system in the paddy field is located at Cianjur Distric. The crop livestock system is an effort to increase rice production that be integrated with livestock. The purpose of the assessment was to find out the role of cattle on the farmer income through the integrated farming system based on the technology innovations on Cianjur district. The integration pattern was the utilization of plant straws as feed and manure for fertilizer. Integrated farming system that has been introduced are paddy planting, livestock fattening, and paddy straw fermentation for food and also ecreement of livestock for organic fertilizer processing. The assessment involved livestock and 5 ha paddy planting area. The farmer consist of 2 groups ie.: 20 cooperator group (integrated system), and 10 control (non integrated). The assessment results showed that rice yield was 5.34 tons/ha of dried ground rice, an increase of 16.09% compared to those yielded by other farmers. The use of inorganic fertilizer decreased urea to 100 kg/ha (N 71.43%), SP-36 50 kg/ha (50%), KCl 50 kg/ha (50%). The average of daily weight gain was 0.89 kg/cattle daily. The income of farmers with the integrated farming system was Rp 9,417,907 for ones hectare land and 2 beef cattle with R/C ratio of 1.27. The average organic fertilizer yielded was 5 kg/cattle daily, the rice straw yielded was 13.20 tons/ha/year. The C/N ratio of composted feces was 19.03%. Total income from paddy (5 ha) and livestock (20 heads) integrated farming system about Rp 24,867,500 and Rp 60,675,333/season and provide R/C value about 1.44, meanwhile R/C value of non integrated farming system about 1.33. It means, paddy and livestock integrated farming system could increase farmer’s income about 69,45% per season compared to non integrated farming. Key words: integration, paddy, livestock, fermentatio