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In order to achieve planning consensus, involvement of stakeholders in coastal zone management, have to be concerned. The participatory prospective analysis (PPA) is a comprehensive and quickly operational framework designed to fulfill the demand for a well-structured effort of anticipation and exploration, that also focuses on interactions and consensus building among stakeholders. PPA was carried out through an expert meeting for coastal zone management planning, as a part of developing system of coastal zone spatial planning, in Lampung Bay. The PPA was aimed to involve stakeholders to generate identification and definition of key variables, definition of the states of variables in the future, building scenarios, and formulation of strategic implications and anticipated actions for coastal zone management. A number of 27 participants from various representative backgrounds, i.e.: local government, fisherman and aqua culturist, local people and entrepreneurs, and local university, was involved in experts meeting. As a result was obtained 6 variables that have the largest influence in coastal zone management of Lampung Bay, they are: quality of human resource, law enforcement, population growth, regional infrastructure, local economic activities, and regional zoning. Consensually, participants was invented strategic implications and anticipated actions, that have to be accommodated in coastal zone management, they are: (1) accomplish requirement of infrastructure and facilities of health and education; (2) develop of micro, small, and medium business (MSMB) centers that associated with marine and fisheries; (3) accomplish requirement of housing that comprise proper infrastructure and sanitation facilities; (4) assembly synergy on spatial arrangement among cities and regencies; (5) assembly spatial arrangement which able to drive development of MSMB in coastal zone; (6) assembly spatial arrangement which able to drive proportional distribution of population in coastal zone, and also proportionally secure the management of conservation and production areas. Finally, it is concluded that: (1) the PPA could accomplish direct interactions among stakeholders intensively and generate consensus opinions; (2) the PPA could be a platform for stakeholders involvement in order to establish keys variable of planning, define future states of variables, scenarios building, and strategic implications and anticipated actions for integrated planning of coastal zone of Lampung Bay; (3) stakeholders involvement is the key of simplification of policies formulation for integrated planning of coastal zone of Lampung Bay, in which various of interest could be accommodated. Key words: participatory prospective analysis, stakeholders, consensus, coastal zone management, Lampung Bay
No full textIn order to achieve planning consensus, involvement of stakeholders in coastal zone management, have to be concerned. The participatory prospective analysis (PPA) is a comprehensive and quickly operational framework designed to fulfill the demand for a well-structured effort of anticipation and exploration, that also focuses on interactions and consensus building among stakeholders. PPA was carried out through an expert meeting for coastal zone management planning, as a part of developing system of coastal zone spatial planning, in Lampung Bay. The PPA was aimed to involve stakeholders to generate identification and definition of key variables, definition of the states of variables in the future, building scenarios, and formulation of strategic implications and anticipated actions for coastal zone management. A number of 27 participants from various representative backgrounds, i.e.: local government, fisherman and aqua culturist, local people and entrepreneurs, and local university, was involved in experts meeting. As a result was obtained 6 variables that have the largest influence in coastal zone management of Lampung Bay, they are: quality of human resource, law enforcement, population growth, regional infrastructure, local economic activities, and regional zoning. Consensually, participants was invented strategic implications and anticipated actions, that have to be accommodated in coastal zone management, they are: (1) accomplish requirement of infrastructure and facilities of health and education; (2) develop of micro, small, and medium business (MSMB) centers that associated with marine and fisheries; (3) accomplish requirement of housing that comprise proper infrastructure and sanitation facilities; (4) assembly synergy on spatial arrangement among cities and regencies; (5) assembly spatial arrangement which able to drive development of MSMB in coastal zone; (6) assembly spatial arrangement which able to drive proportional distribution of population in coastal zone, and also proportionally secure the management of conservation and production areas. Finally, it is concluded that: (1) the PPA could accomplish direct interactions among stakeholders intensively and generate consensus opinions; (2) the PPA could be a platform for stakeholders involvement in order to establish keys variable of planning, define future states of variables, scenarios building, and strategic implications and anticipated actions for integrated planning of coastal zone of Lampung Bay; (3) stakeholders involvement is the key of simplification of policies formulation for integrated planning of coastal zone of Lampung Bay, in which various of interest could be accommodated. Key words: participatory prospective analysis, stakeholders, consensus, coastal zone management, Lampung Ba
Semarang waterfront is a unique ecosystem which has a variety potentialities and problem of using some natural resources, especially in the trade-off between economic growth and ecological preservation. Generally the handling operation of waterfront city in Indonesia is not effective, caused by (1) low budged and increase the poverty; (2) over loaded investment; (3) destroyed of ecology and ecosystem; (4) the lost of local wisdom; and (5) other problem in commonly urban city. Based on these conditions, this research aimed to design an environmental management policy ensuring a profitable synergy of all stakeholders without sacrificing the principles of environmental conservation. The objective of this study was to analyze the index and sustainability status of the Semarang waterfront area, based on five sustainable dimensions. Secondary data resources have been used from literature study and references, primary data have been received from questionairy feedback and expert judgement survey. The analysis used multi dimensional scalling (MDS) method, called Rap-WITEPA, and the results were stated in the index and sustainability status.The second objective was to analyze the attributes that affect sensitivity on index and sustainability status and the effect of error using Laverage and Monte Carlo Analysis. The result of this study show that ecological dimension was in the status of less sustainable (49,34), economical dimension was sufficient sustainable (53,96), socio-culture dimension was sufficient sustainable (52,21), dimension of infrastructure and technology was sufficient sustainable (56,72) and dimension of law & institutional was the highest sufficient sustainability value index (57,19). Out of 94 attributes analyzed, there were 50 attributes need to be handled immediately as they affect sensitivity on the increase of index and sustainability status with negligible error in the level of 95% confidence limit. It was concluded that an important factor of waterfront city handling operation design in Semarang is social community development, land use efficiency, industry contribution, electricity, and local society organization. Key words: sustainability index, sustainability status, waterfront city
No full textSemarang waterfront is a unique ecosystem which has a variety potentialities and problem of using some natural resources, especially in the trade-off between economic growth and ecological preservation. Generally the handling operation of waterfront city in Indonesia is not effective, caused by (1) low budged and increase the poverty; (2) over loaded investment; (3) destroyed of ecology and ecosystem; (4) the lost of local wisdom; and (5) other problem in commonly urban city. Based on these conditions, this research aimed to design an environmental management policy ensuring a profitable synergy of all stakeholders without sacrificing the principles of environmental conservation. The objective of this study was to analyze the index and sustainability status of the Semarang waterfront area, based on five sustainable dimensions. Secondary data resources have been used from literature study and references, primary data have been received from questionairy feedback and expert judgement survey. The analysis used multi dimensional scalling (MDS) method, called Rap-WITEPA, and the results were stated in the index and sustainability status.The second objective was to analyze the attributes that affect sensitivity on index and sustainability status and the effect of error using Laverage and Monte Carlo Analysis. The result of this study show that ecological dimension was in the status of less sustainable (49,34), economical dimension was sufficient sustainable (53,96), socio-culture dimension was sufficient sustainable (52,21), dimension of infrastructure and technology was sufficient sustainable (56,72) and dimension of law & institutional was the highest sufficient sustainability value index (57,19). Out of 94 attributes analyzed, there were 50 attributes need to be handled immediately as they affect sensitivity on the increase of index and sustainability status with negligible error in the level of 95% confidence limit. It was concluded that an important factor of waterfront city handling operation design in Semarang is social community development, land use efficiency, industry contribution, electricity, and local society organization. Key words: sustainability index, sustainability status, waterfront cit
Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB Gedung Andi Hakim Nasoetion Lt. 5, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680 Telp. 0251-8628448, 8622642 ext. 510 Fax. 0251-622986 e-mail: [email protected]
No full textSekolah Pascasarjana IPB Gedung Andi Hakim Nasoetion Lt. 5, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680 Telp. 0251-8628448, 8622642 ext. 510 Fax. 0251-622986 e-mail: [email protected]
The objectives of this research were to identify types of communication media in delivering messages based on media preferences by the community, to identify conservation education effect to the knowledge, attitude and behavior of the community in forest resources conservation, and to identify influence factor in media effectiveness. The research was conducted in 7 villages within Kelay Subdistric and City of Tanjung Redeb for 18 monthes (November 2007 until April 2009) which managed by three phases: first phase, preparation in identification and designing media and outreach program using multi-stakeholder workshop, focus group discussion and survey methodology; second phase, implementation activities by delivering the message used various communication media; third phase, evaluation and monitoring of media effectiveness by conducting identification of influence factor and changing in knowledge, behavior and attitude of the community in forest resources conservation. The results showed that knowledge of the community about the status of the area increased by 48%, where as community knowledge about the status of Sungai Lesanes protected area increased by 60.73%. Support to the area establish in local community increased by 22.51%. Based on Likert scale, community attitude was very strong (90.78% to 94.08%), attitude of the community related to the sustainability of forest use was still high (from 73.39% to 74.70%). Changing behavior after implementation activities was happened, indicated with the communities initiative in land use planning in Sido Bangen village and initiative in arranging participative planning with villager in Merapun and Muara Lesan village. Developing communication media based on community reference that implemented in environmental education has effective effect in delivering the conservation message to the community. The effective media for rural community generally has characteristic such as visual media and entertainment (e.q. poster and song). Key words: conservation education, forest resources, knowledge, attitude, behavior
No full textThe objectives of this research were to identify types of communication media in delivering messages based on media preferences by the community, to identify conservation education effect to the knowledge, attitude and behavior of the community in forest resources conservation, and to identify influence factor in media effectiveness. The research was conducted in 7 villages within Kelay Subdistric and City of Tanjung Redeb for 18 monthes (November 2007 until April 2009) which managed by three phases: first phase, preparation in identification and designing media and outreach program using multi-stakeholder workshop, focus group discussion and survey methodology; second phase, implementation activities by delivering the message used various communication media; third phase, evaluation and monitoring of media effectiveness by conducting identification of influence factor and changing in knowledge, behavior and attitude of the community in forest resources conservation. The results showed that knowledge of the community about the status of the area increased by 48%, where as community knowledge about the status of Sungai Lesanes protected area increased by 60.73%. Support to the area establish in local community increased by 22.51%. Based on Likert scale, community attitude was very strong (90.78% to 94.08%), attitude of the community related to the sustainability of forest use was still high (from 73.39% to 74.70%). Changing behavior after implementation activities was happened, indicated with the communities initiative in land use planning in Sido Bangen village and initiative in arranging participative planning with villager in Merapun and Muara Lesan village. Developing communication media based on community reference that implemented in environmental education has effective effect in delivering the conservation message to the community. The effective media for rural community generally has characteristic such as visual media and entertainment (e.q. poster and song). Key words: conservation education, forest resources, knowledge, attitude, behavio
The main idea of this study was to evaluate the influence of export to regional economic development. The cinnamon was superior export commodity of Kerinci regency, which support to regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to analyze cinnamon sector effect to regional economic development of Kerinci Regency of Jambi and to analyse cinnamon price integration on farmers and export corporation level. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The data consisted of primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from survey and interview with respondents, such as farmers, traders, cinnamon entrepreneurs, local government staffs and other informants. The secondary data were collected from Badan Pusat Statistik, Central Bank of Indonesia and FAOSTAT. The analysis model consisted of descriptive model, input-output model, OLS regression combined with co-integration model and error correction model (ECM). The results showed that the cinnamon had low correlation to support regional economic development and indicate regional leakage. The farmers’ level price had no significant integration to export corporation price. Increasing quality and industry processing development is the most important strategy. Key words: cinnamon, sectoral linkages, price integration, regional economics, agroindustry processing
No full textThe main idea of this study was to evaluate the influence of export to regional economic development. The cinnamon was superior export commodity of Kerinci regency, which support to regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to analyze cinnamon sector effect to regional economic development of Kerinci Regency of Jambi and to analyse cinnamon price integration on farmers and export corporation level. The study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The data consisted of primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected from survey and interview with respondents, such as farmers, traders, cinnamon entrepreneurs, local government staffs and other informants. The secondary data were collected from Badan Pusat Statistik, Central Bank of Indonesia and FAOSTAT. The analysis model consisted of descriptive model, input-output model, OLS regression combined with co-integration model and error correction model (ECM). The results showed that the cinnamon had low correlation to support regional economic development and indicate regional leakage. The farmers’ level price had no significant integration to export corporation price. Increasing quality and industry processing development is the most important strategy. Key words: cinnamon, sectoral linkages, price integration, regional economics, agroindustry processin
Bacteria are microbes which have an ability to live wherever there is a life. Some of the bacteria are saprophyte and some are parasitic. But most of the bacteria have not been identified or cultured; therefore the benefits are still unknown. Methanogenic bacteria are one of the saprophyte bacteria. These bacteria produces methane, a biogas as an alternative fuel in the future. Most of methanogenic bacteria are uncultured, however a few of them are found in the sewage of coconut water. The objectives of this research are to isolate, characterize and identify the methanogenic bacteria that lived in coconut water. The method of this research was fermentation, analysis characterization, and identification of methanogenic bacteria. First, methanogenic bacteria were isolated from coconut water by fermentation. The samples were from four places in Minahasa, which are Rasi (I), Koka (II), Amurang (III), and Lola (IV) and one place in Bogor (V). Secondly, the methane produced from fermentation was analysed by gas chromatography and the bacteria can be characterized by Bergey’s method. The next step is the identification which was conducted by isolating the DNA, amplifying the DNA by PCR, then sequencing the DNA with BioEdit Sequence Aligment. As the result, high and stable methane was produced in Rasi (I) and Amurang (III). The characteristic of the bacteria are red colony (M) and white colony (P). The shape of the colonies is circles, gram positive, basil shape, mesofile, positive of catalase and citrate, positive of sugar fermentation, gelatin, casein and starch hydrolysis also lived in Nutrient Broth with pH 5.7-6.8. The sequencing of isolate P resulting in nucleotide composition of G 31.25%, C 20.58%, A 27.11% and T 21.04% while isolate M are G 31.34%, C 20.31%, A 27.02% and T 21.32%. The identification of isolate M is equal with Clostridium tyrobutyricum (100 %) and isolate P is very close with Clostridium tyrobutyricum (99 %). Key words: bacteria, methane, coconut water
No full textBacteria are microbes which have an ability to live wherever there is a life. Some of the bacteria are saprophyte and some are parasitic. But most of the bacteria have not been identified or cultured; therefore the benefits are still unknown. Methanogenic bacteria are one of the saprophyte bacteria. These bacteria produces methane, a biogas as an alternative fuel in the future. Most of methanogenic bacteria are uncultured, however a few of them are found in the sewage of coconut water. The objectives of this research are to isolate, characterize and identify the methanogenic bacteria that lived in coconut water. The method of this research was fermentation, analysis characterization, and identification of methanogenic bacteria. First, methanogenic bacteria were isolated from coconut water by fermentation. The samples were from four places in Minahasa, which are Rasi (I), Koka (II), Amurang (III), and Lola (IV) and one place in Bogor (V). Secondly, the methane produced from fermentation was analysed by gas chromatography and the bacteria can be characterized by Bergey’s method. The next step is the identification which was conducted by isolating the DNA, amplifying the DNA by PCR, then sequencing the DNA with BioEdit Sequence Aligment. As the result, high and stable methane was produced in Rasi (I) and Amurang (III). The characteristic of the bacteria are red colony (M) and white colony (P). The shape of the colonies is circles, gram positive, basil shape, mesofile, positive of catalase and citrate, positive of sugar fermentation, gelatin, casein and starch hydrolysis also lived in Nutrient Broth with pH 5.7-6.8. The sequencing of isolate P resulting in nucleotide composition of G 31.25%, C 20.58%, A 27.11% and T 21.04% while isolate M are G 31.34%, C 20.31%, A 27.02% and T 21.32%. The identification of isolate M is equal with Clostridium tyrobutyricum (100 %) and isolate P is very close with Clostridium tyrobutyricum (99 %). Key words: bacteria, methane, coconut wate
In recent years, there has been an increasing an abuse of slaughtered death chicken for human consumption, so it is important to find a practice ways to identify it. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the quality of meat taken from slaughtered death chicken can be detected through quality attributes of meat (Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear value, CIE L* a* b* color, and histological changes. Thirty pieces of breast (M. pectoralis) and thigh (M. biceps femoris) meat were obtained from commercial slaughtering house. The samples were classified into three groups namely halal slaughtered chicken (AHS), slaughtered death chicken (AMS), and slaughtered stressed chicken (ALS) and all samples processed for microscopic observations, for WB value and color after 1, 5 and 9 h postmortem (PM). This study showed that percentage of degenerated and necrotic muscle fibres of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than AHS. The WB values of all samples were nearly similar (P>0.05). The L* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were lower whereas a* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of AHS and ALS. The muscle fiber interstitial space had significant positive correlation with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.52), necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.57) of breast meat, and also with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.68) and necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.56) of thigh meat. The biologic parameters can be used to distinguish between the slaughtered death chicken and halal slaughtered chicken. Key words: meat quality, muscle fiber, slaughtered death chicken, L* a* b* value
No full textIn recent years, there has been an increasing an abuse of slaughtered death chicken for human consumption, so it is important to find a practice ways to identify it. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the quality of meat taken from slaughtered death chicken can be detected through quality attributes of meat (Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear value, CIE L* a* b* color, and histological changes. Thirty pieces of breast (M. pectoralis) and thigh (M. biceps femoris) meat were obtained from commercial slaughtering house. The samples were classified into three groups namely halal slaughtered chicken (AHS), slaughtered death chicken (AMS), and slaughtered stressed chicken (ALS) and all samples processed for microscopic observations, for WB value and color after 1, 5 and 9 h postmortem (PM). This study showed that percentage of degenerated and necrotic muscle fibres of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than AHS. The WB values of all samples were nearly similar (P>0.05). The L* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS and ALS were lower whereas a* value of breast and thigh meat of AMS were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of AHS and ALS. The muscle fiber interstitial space had significant positive correlation with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.52), necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.57) of breast meat, and also with degenerated muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.68) and necrotic muscle fiber (P<0.001, r=0.56) of thigh meat. The biologic parameters can be used to distinguish between the slaughtered death chicken and halal slaughtered chicken. Key words: meat quality, muscle fiber, slaughtered death chicken, L* a* b* valu
Sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) is a tropical plant adapted to marginal land such as fresh water swamp, peat swamp or brackish water. The objective of the researche is to identify physical and chemical habitat characteristics of sago palm in the Seram island, Maluku. The research was conducted in nine months from March to November 2009. The observation was conducted at three samples area, namely Luhu (West Seram District), Sawai (Central Maluku District), and Werinama (East Seram District). Soil and water samples were taken at samples area and analyzed at Soil Research Center Laboratory, Bogor. Result showed that sago palm at the Seram island can be found at four different habitat types, namely: 1) upland habitat/dry land, 2) temporary inundated fresh water swamp, 3) temporary inundated brackish water, and 4) permanent inundated fresh water swamp. Soil texture of these habitats characterized by clay-loam and silty-clay with average bulk density of about 1.20. The soil has acidic reaction that consists of medium soil organic and having medium cation exchange capacity (CEC). Except for Fe and Alwhich were high, the nutrient content of the soil was very low. Salinity of water was less than 1.0 ppt (part per thousand). Nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and other cation such us NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were found relatively high in water. Micro climate condition under sago stands (clump of Sago) such us temperature, relative humidity, and sun radiation intensity are low with very narrow fluctuation. Micro-climate conditions were characterized by temperature ranging from 22,69oC to 23,94oC, meanwhile relative humidity ranging from 87,97 to 91,60%. In case of sun light intensity at near clump of sago palm reached of about 206,53 lux (12,40%). Keywords: habitat type, Metroxylon spp., land, micro climate, Seram Island
No full textSago palm (Metroxylon spp.) is a tropical plant adapted to marginal land such as fresh water swamp, peat swamp or brackish water. The objective of the researche is to identify physical and chemical habitat characteristics of sago palm in the Seram island, Maluku. The research was conducted in nine months from March to November 2009. The observation was conducted at three samples area, namely Luhu (West Seram District), Sawai (Central Maluku District), and Werinama (East Seram District). Soil and water samples were taken at samples area and analyzed at Soil Research Center Laboratory, Bogor. Result showed that sago palm at the Seram island can be found at four different habitat types, namely: 1) upland habitat/dry land, 2) temporary inundated fresh water swamp, 3) temporary inundated brackish water, and 4) permanent inundated fresh water swamp. Soil texture of these habitats characterized by clay-loam and silty-clay with average bulk density of about 1.20. The soil has acidic reaction that consists of medium soil organic and having medium cation exchange capacity (CEC). Except for Fe and Alwhich were high, the nutrient content of the soil was very low. Salinity of water was less than 1.0 ppt (part per thousand). Nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and other cation such us NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were found relatively high in water. Micro climate condition under sago stands (clump of Sago) such us temperature, relative humidity, and sun radiation intensity are low with very narrow fluctuation. Micro-climate conditions were characterized by temperature ranging from 22,69oC to 23,94oC, meanwhile relative humidity ranging from 87,97 to 91,60%. In case of sun light intensity at near clump of sago palm reached of about 206,53 lux (12,40%). Keywords: habitat type, Metroxylon spp., land, micro climate, Seram Islan
