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South Kalimantan is a province with large dryland area. This potency can be used for maize cultivation that will contribute to national maize production and play an important role as import substitution. One of the major problems in maize cultivation is its low productivity that might be caused by its low efficiency of input use. The objectives of this research are (1) to estimate factors influencing maize production and to analyze dryland farming efficiency, both in technical and allocative efficiency of dryland farming, and (2) to analyze dryland maize farming competitiveness in Kabupaten Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, and the efficiency effect to its competitiveness. The methods used are the stochastic frontier production function and the dual frontier cost function for the first objective, and criterion of private cost ratio and domestic resources cost ratio for the second objective. The results showed that land, seed, organic fertilizer, P-fertilizer, pesticide, labor and land treatment significantly influence production. Generally, the farmers at research area have been technically efficient but allocatively inefficient. In order to increase economic efficiency, reduction in N-fertilizer is suggested. The maize commodity in Kabupaten Tanah Laut is profitable and has competitive and comparative advantages. The increasing of allocative efficiency will increase the competitiveness. Key words: dryland maize farming, efficiency, competitiveness
No full textSouth Kalimantan is a province with large dryland area. This potency can be used for maize cultivation that will contribute to national maize production and play an important role as import substitution. One of the major problems in maize cultivation is its low productivity that might be caused by its low efficiency of input use. The objectives of this research are (1) to estimate factors influencing maize production and to analyze dryland farming efficiency, both in technical and allocative efficiency of dryland farming, and (2) to analyze dryland maize farming competitiveness in Kabupaten Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, and the efficiency effect to its competitiveness. The methods used are the stochastic frontier production function and the dual frontier cost function for the first objective, and criterion of private cost ratio and domestic resources cost ratio for the second objective. The results showed that land, seed, organic fertilizer, P-fertilizer, pesticide, labor and land treatment significantly influence production. Generally, the farmers at research area have been technically efficient but allocatively inefficient. In order to increase economic efficiency, reduction in N-fertilizer is suggested. The maize commodity in Kabupaten Tanah Laut is profitable and has competitive and comparative advantages. The increasing of allocative efficiency will increase the competitiveness. Key words: dryland maize farming, efficiency, competitivenes
Integrated crop-livestock systems program with special reference to rice field and beef cattle is a potential alternative to support the development of agriculture sector in Indonesia. The implementation on this integrated program was to enhance rice production and productivity through a system involving beef cattle with its goal on increasing farmers’ income. The impact of integrated crop- livestock systems program to household economy farmers was studied in order to identify factors influencing behavior of farmer’s decision-making along with its interrelation between factors. Impact of changes due to the external policy options was also assessed and farmer’s characteristics were described descriptively. Five districts in the province of DIY, Central Java and East Java with 274 farmers were purposively used in the study. Simultaneous equations model with two SLS method was used to estimate the parameter, followed by the non-linear simulation approach. The results show that most of the explanatory variables significantly affected to its endogenous variables. Rice production is responsive to harvested land area which influenced by its volume of input rice derived demand. The volume of its input derived demand also influences cattle and compost production. Family labor utilization for rice and cattle production and their time allocation on non-farm and off farm jobs are related to each other. Input price of rice and live cattle are affected to their derived demand function. Rice consumption is responsive to its price which the lower the price, the higher its consumption. Credit on crops farm that has to be paid by farmers is also responsive and positively related to its commercial credit rate. Effect of a 10 percent increase on output and input price of production rice, cattle and compost will increase their production; hence will also increase farmers’ income and the expenditures. This will apply to farmers that involved in a program of integrated crop-livestock systems. On the other hand, alternative policy of combination between a 10 percent increase of output price along with 5 percent increase on its input price yield in the increasing production for farmers that are not involved in the crop-livestock systems program, hence will also increase the income. Key words: household economics, simulation analysis, crop-livestock systems
No full textIntegrated crop-livestock systems program with special reference to rice field and beef cattle is a potential alternative to support the development of agriculture sector in Indonesia. The implementation on this integrated program was to enhance rice production and productivity through a system involving beef cattle with its goal on increasing farmers’ income. The impact of integrated crop- livestock systems program to household economy farmers was studied in order to identify factors influencing behavior of farmer’s decision-making along with its interrelation between factors. Impact of changes due to the external policy options was also assessed and farmer’s characteristics were described descriptively. Five districts in the province of DIY, Central Java and East Java with 274 farmers were purposively used in the study. Simultaneous equations model with two SLS method was used to estimate the parameter, followed by the non-linear simulation approach. The results show that most of the explanatory variables significantly affected to its endogenous variables. Rice production is responsive to harvested land area which influenced by its volume of input rice derived demand. The volume of its input derived demand also influences cattle and compost production. Family labor utilization for rice and cattle production and their time allocation on non-farm and off farm jobs are related to each other. Input price of rice and live cattle are affected to their derived demand function. Rice consumption is responsive to its price which the lower the price, the higher its consumption. Credit on crops farm that has to be paid by farmers is also responsive and positively related to its commercial credit rate. Effect of a 10 percent increase on output and input price of production rice, cattle and compost will increase their production; hence will also increase farmers’ income and the expenditures. This will apply to farmers that involved in a program of integrated crop-livestock systems. On the other hand, alternative policy of combination between a 10 percent increase of output price along with 5 percent increase on its input price yield in the increasing production for farmers that are not involved in the crop-livestock systems program, hence will also increase the income. Key words: household economics, simulation analysis, crop-livestock system
The implementation of fiscal decentralization in accordance with Law No 32/2004 regarding local government and No. 33/2004 regarding inter-government fiscal relationship was considered as the new era management and local government budget. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify factors affecting regional fiscal, regional economy, poverty ond food security and (2) to evaluate impact of fiscal decentralization policy on poverty and food security in West Java. The descriptive analysis and dynamic simultaneous equation models were used in this study, using pooled time series data of 1995-2005 and cross section data of 13 kabupatens estimated using the 2SLS method. The result of the study showed that the DAU was the source of 68% of regional income.The routine expenditures were the largest regional expenditures (77%). The policy of increasing agricultural development expenditures and wages affect poverty alleviation and increase food security in West Java. Key words: fiscal decentralization, economics growth, poverty allevation, food security
No full textThe implementation of fiscal decentralization in accordance with Law No 32/2004 regarding local government and No. 33/2004 regarding inter-government fiscal relationship was considered as the new era management and local government budget. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify factors affecting regional fiscal, regional economy, poverty ond food security and (2) to evaluate impact of fiscal decentralization policy on poverty and food security in West Java. The descriptive analysis and dynamic simultaneous equation models were used in this study, using pooled time series data of 1995-2005 and cross section data of 13 kabupatens estimated using the 2SLS method. The result of the study showed that the DAU was the source of 68% of regional income.The routine expenditures were the largest regional expenditures (77%). The policy of increasing agricultural development expenditures and wages affect poverty alleviation and increase food security in West Java. Key words: fiscal decentralization, economics growth, poverty allevation, food securit
Fish is a perishable product, and thereby needs a special treatment to prolong its shelf life. Traditionally, drying is a common treatment for the purpose, especially by using sun drying. This paper is devoted to the study of histiophoridae fish drying using a truneated trapezoidally shaped green house effect solar dryer in order to maximize the use of solar energy. The drying system used different size of racks and tray following the dimension of the structure so as to minimize empty space. The dryer was equipped with 25 watt DC blowers to remove the moist air. From two experimental runs, the results show that the system can properly dry the histiophoridae fish to its desired moisture content, which ranged from 30.08% (wb) to 32.80% (wb). Utilization of the truneated trapezoidally shaped green house effect solar dryer was found to be effective in enhancing the absorbtion of solar irradiation not only by the heat absorber but also by the producs on speated the vertically arranged racks. Solar PV modules were used to power inlet exhaust fans as well as for temperature control. A PCM energy storage was also provided to provide heating during night time. Keywords: fish drying, trapezoidal shape green house, solar drying, PCM heat storage, PV modul temperature control
No full textFish is a perishable product, and thereby needs a special treatment to prolong its shelf life. Traditionally, drying is a common treatment for the purpose, especially by using sun drying. This paper is devoted to the study of histiophoridae fish drying using a truneated trapezoidally shaped green house effect solar dryer in order to maximize the use of solar energy. The drying system used different size of racks and tray following the dimension of the structure so as to minimize empty space. The dryer was equipped with 25 watt DC blowers to remove the moist air. From two experimental runs, the results show that the system can properly dry the histiophoridae fish to its desired moisture content, which ranged from 30.08% (wb) to 32.80% (wb). Utilization of the truneated trapezoidally shaped green house effect solar dryer was found to be effective in enhancing the absorbtion of solar irradiation not only by the heat absorber but also by the producs on speated the vertically arranged racks. Solar PV modules were used to power inlet exhaust fans as well as for temperature control. A PCM energy storage was also provided to provide heating during night time. Keywords: fish drying, trapezoidal shape green house, solar drying, PCM heat storage, PV modul temperature contro
Inorganic farming practices could have negative impact on environmental degradation due to excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. One of many efforts to re-establish land productivity and reduce environmental degradation is by way of practising organic farming. The objective of this study is to explore and develop organic farming micro enterprise system supported by micro finance institution and its implication on relevant policies. The methods used in this study include soft system methodology approach utilizing total system intervention (TSI) mechanism that covers the principles of complementarism, social awareness and emancipation, and commitment to human well-being in the context of poverty alleviation. The techniques being adopted include business feasibility, comparative performance index, strategic asumption surfacing test and analytical hierarchy process. Case study was conducted in Garut regency, West Java. The performance of organic farming activity in Garut regency is considered adequate while the most preferable micro finance institution supporting agricultural sector is the saving and loan unit from cooperative organization, but on the other hand the micro banking sector has not been attracted in general to extend credit financing to agricultural sector due mainly to risk factor. Eventually this study has been able to introduce a concept of empowering micro enterprise in organic farming involving credit guarantee institution, technical assistance and production of organic fertilizers and pesticides. In view of enhancing the financing of organic farming, the concept of credit for microenterprise in organic farming is introduced for further development and implementation. Furthermore the policy implication of this study is iniciatives for poverty reduction trust fund and coordinating institution for micro financing institutions and the relevant law governing micro credit and micro finance institutions. Key words: organic farming, fertilizer, pesticide, micro enterprise, micro credit, micro finance institution
No full textInorganic farming practices could have negative impact on environmental degradation due to excessive usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. One of many efforts to re-establish land productivity and reduce environmental degradation is by way of practising organic farming. The objective of this study is to explore and develop organic farming micro enterprise system supported by micro finance institution and its implication on relevant policies. The methods used in this study include soft system methodology approach utilizing total system intervention (TSI) mechanism that covers the principles of complementarism, social awareness and emancipation, and commitment to human well-being in the context of poverty alleviation. The techniques being adopted include business feasibility, comparative performance index, strategic asumption surfacing test and analytical hierarchy process. Case study was conducted in Garut regency, West Java. The performance of organic farming activity in Garut regency is considered adequate while the most preferable micro finance institution supporting agricultural sector is the saving and loan unit from cooperative organization, but on the other hand the micro banking sector has not been attracted in general to extend credit financing to agricultural sector due mainly to risk factor. Eventually this study has been able to introduce a concept of empowering micro enterprise in organic farming involving credit guarantee institution, technical assistance and production of organic fertilizers and pesticides. In view of enhancing the financing of organic farming, the concept of credit for microenterprise in organic farming is introduced for further development and implementation. Furthermore the policy implication of this study is iniciatives for poverty reduction trust fund and coordinating institution for micro financing institutions and the relevant law governing micro credit and micro finance institutions. Key words: organic farming, fertilizer, pesticide, micro enterprise, micro credit, micro finance institutio
The objectives of this research were to identify gender relation, communication channels and the use of agricultural information, to analyze the correlation between gender relation and communication channels, the correlation between communication channels and the use of agricultural information. The research was conducted in the Sub-District of Pacet, District of Cianjur and Sub-District of Megamendung, District of Bogor in the West Java Province. The research used a method of survey taking 134 samples of organic vegetable farmers consisting of 67 men and 67 women. The quantitative data was obtained from the questionnaires given to the farmers and supported by qualitative data collected by in-depth interviews. The research results indicate that men often used personal communication, but women seldom choose the personal channel. Both men and women seldom used the mass media channel. Both men and women often use agricultural information for themselves for practice and comparison but seldom for discussion with others. Men and women were both active in information seeking and discussing the received information, but in the control of agricultural information men were more dominant than women. Among women, the group had a significant relationship with information control, whereas among men the mass media had a significant correlation with information control. The agricultural information from a personal channel was used by men for themselves for the purpose of practice, comparison, discussion, or diffusion. However, among women, the agricultural information was used for comparison, discussion, and diffusion. The group channel omong men was used to diffuse agricultural information whereas among woman it was for comparison, discussion and diffusion. The agricultural information from the mass media was used by men for their own knowledge, comparison and diffusion. Women liked to discuss agricultural information with husbands and families. Key words: communication channels, access, control of agricultural information, gender
No full textThe objectives of this research were to identify gender relation, communication channels and the use of agricultural information, to analyze the correlation between gender relation and communication channels, the correlation between communication channels and the use of agricultural information. The research was conducted in the Sub-District of Pacet, District of Cianjur and Sub-District of Megamendung, District of Bogor in the West Java Province. The research used a method of survey taking 134 samples of organic vegetable farmers consisting of 67 men and 67 women. The quantitative data was obtained from the questionnaires given to the farmers and supported by qualitative data collected by in-depth interviews. The research results indicate that men often used personal communication, but women seldom choose the personal channel. Both men and women seldom used the mass media channel. Both men and women often use agricultural information for themselves for practice and comparison but seldom for discussion with others. Men and women were both active in information seeking and discussing the received information, but in the control of agricultural information men were more dominant than women. Among women, the group had a significant relationship with information control, whereas among men the mass media had a significant correlation with information control. The agricultural information from a personal channel was used by men for themselves for the purpose of practice, comparison, discussion, or diffusion. However, among women, the agricultural information was used for comparison, discussion, and diffusion. The group channel omong men was used to diffuse agricultural information whereas among woman it was for comparison, discussion and diffusion. The agricultural information from the mass media was used by men for their own knowledge, comparison and diffusion. Women liked to discuss agricultural information with husbands and families. Key words: communication channels, access, control of agricultural information, gende
A laboratory scale research to obtain environmentally safe effluent from Final Waste Disposal Site leachate in Galuga owned by Regional Government of Bogor City was conducted from July 2006 through to April 2007. The experiment of production tolerable threshold effluent was carried out by aerating the leachate in 4 different aeration rates (0, 10, 30 and 70 liters/minute). The research found that the most effective method to reduce pollutant was aerating at the rate of 70 liters/minutes. However, only some of pollutant (Cu, Zn, Pb and E.coli) can be reduced until below tolerable threshold. Keywords: effluent, leachate, tolerable threshold
No full textA laboratory scale research to obtain environmentally safe effluent from Final Waste Disposal Site leachate in Galuga owned by Regional Government of Bogor City was conducted from July 2006 through to April 2007. The experiment of production tolerable threshold effluent was carried out by aerating the leachate in 4 different aeration rates (0, 10, 30 and 70 liters/minute). The research found that the most effective method to reduce pollutant was aerating at the rate of 70 liters/minutes. However, only some of pollutant (Cu, Zn, Pb and E.coli) can be reduced until below tolerable threshold. Keywords: effluent, leachate, tolerable threshol
The Impact of Government Policy of Presidential Instruction in 2005-2008 for Rice Policy on Food Security)
Get PDFThe objectives of this research is to analyze the impacts of rice policy on the food security and on producer and consumer surplus. The research used time series data. The data was a monthly time series from March 2005-September 2009. Rice policy model specification uses the simultaneous equations consisting of 15 structural equations and 11 identity equations which was estimated using Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS) method. The results show that: (1) the increase of the government purchases price of dried harvest paddy by 15 percent improve food security whereas retail rice price decrease makes producer and consumer surplus increase, and (2) the increase of the ceiling retail price of NPK fertilizer by 15 percent gave a negative impact on food security whereas retail rice price increase makes a negative effect to consumer surplus. Food security would be achieved if the government purchase on dried harvest paddy is implemented accordingly