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The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of micro fertigation system and application of cows fermented urine (uriferm) for chili (Capsicum annum sp.) Cultivation. The micro fertigation system with 0.5 mm inside diameter micro-tubing is used to control the flow from outlets along lateral. The lateral with 5/16 inch inside diameter is made of soft PVC hose. The result of the research showed that the micro fertigation system is running well. Randomized block design with four replications are used for the field experiment. There are four treatments i.e. conventional culture by watering can (A), uriferm fertigation (B), non uriferm fertigation (C), and Hartus formula fertigation (D). The laboratory analysis showed that the properties of uriferm increase in composition compared to non uriferm and used successfully as nutrition. The micro fertigation system showed better result compared to the watering can on variable observation of plant and root development of chili. The field experiments showed that the micro fertigation system significantly reduced volume of water used by 49.5% and raised chili yield by 61.2% compared to watering can. The uriferm fertigation (B) showed better result compared to other treatments on wet weight of chili and water productivity. The total income from 390 m2 irrigated land with micro fertigation system was about Rp 2,961,700,00/season and feasible to apply with B/C ratio = 1.51, IRR value = 27.49% and NPV = Rp 387,413.83 at discount rate 9% per annum. Key words: micro fertigation system, uriferm, chili, water productivity, small plots
No full textThe aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of micro fertigation system and application of cows fermented urine (uriferm) for chili (Capsicum annum sp.) Cultivation. The micro fertigation system with 0.5 mm inside diameter micro-tubing is used to control the flow from outlets along lateral. The lateral with 5/16 inch inside diameter is made of soft PVC hose. The result of the research showed that the micro fertigation system is running well. Randomized block design with four replications are used for the field experiment. There are four treatments i.e. conventional culture by watering can (A), uriferm fertigation (B), non uriferm fertigation (C), and Hartus formula fertigation (D). The laboratory analysis showed that the properties of uriferm increase in composition compared to non uriferm and used successfully as nutrition. The micro fertigation system showed better result compared to the watering can on variable observation of plant and root development of chili. The field experiments showed that the micro fertigation system significantly reduced volume of water used by 49.5% and raised chili yield by 61.2% compared to watering can. The uriferm fertigation (B) showed better result compared to other treatments on wet weight of chili and water productivity. The total income from 390 m2 irrigated land with micro fertigation system was about Rp 2,961,700,00/season and feasible to apply with B/C ratio = 1.51, IRR value = 27.49% and NPV = Rp 387,413.83 at discount rate 9% per annum. Key words: micro fertigation system, uriferm, chili, water productivity, small plot
Avian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease especially in the treatment of infected host. In this experiment the neutralization ability of specific antisera against H5 were studied using various field viral isolates subtype H5N1. Antisera was developed in Cavia porcellus which vaccinated with AI subtype H5N1 in activated vaccine. The titre of antisera obtained is 28 used HI test. Four AI virus subtype H5N1 isolates from 2003 to 2006 agains viral were we as tested virus. The neutralization test showed that the sera were able to neutralizing 10 4 EID50 AI virus H5N1 with neutralization index range of 1.1-1.3. The result indicated that the specific antisera had the neutralization potency to the field virus. Key words: avian influenza, neutralization test, neutralization index
No full textAvian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease especially in the treatment of infected host. In this experiment the neutralization ability of specific antisera against H5 were studied using various field viral isolates subtype H5N1. Antisera was developed in Cavia porcellus which vaccinated with AI subtype H5N1 in activated vaccine. The titre of antisera obtained is 28 used HI test. Four AI virus subtype H5N1 isolates from 2003 to 2006 agains viral were we as tested virus. The neutralization test showed that the sera were able to neutralizing 10 4 EID50 AI virus H5N1 with neutralization index range of 1.1-1.3. The result indicated that the specific antisera had the neutralization potency to the field virus. Key words: avian influenza, neutralization test, neutralization inde
The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of agropolitant program on the regional economy and farmers’ income, and measure the level of people’s participation. The research results show that corn-based agropolitant development has improved the regional economy of Pohuwato Regency through a change in the structure of regional economy and increased the farmers’ income although the major (prioritized) sectors such agriculture, sub-food crops, corn commodities and transportation are still low in competitiveness. The people’s participation in the agropolitant area was at the level of consultation. Key words: agropolitant, regional economy, community’s participation
No full textThe objective of the study was to analyze the impact of agropolitant program on the regional economy and farmers’ income, and measure the level of people’s participation. The research results show that corn-based agropolitant development has improved the regional economy of Pohuwato Regency through a change in the structure of regional economy and increased the farmers’ income although the major (prioritized) sectors such agriculture, sub-food crops, corn commodities and transportation are still low in competitiveness. The people’s participation in the agropolitant area was at the level of consultation. Key words: agropolitant, regional economy, community’s participatio
The research objectives are to analyze impact of human capital investment on income distribution and poverty incidence using the computable general equilibrium (CGE) Model. The model is combined with beta distribution function and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke. The human capital investment is approached by government expenditure for education and health. The simulation result shows that human capital investment is able to increase economic growth and household income. Income distribution especially in rural area becomes more equal which is shown by the beta distribution move to the right side of poverty line. Poverty incidence, poverty gap and poverty severity also decrease except for non-labor household group in the urban area. Human capital investment gives more benefit to household in rural area than those in urban area especially for farm-laborer and agriculture entrepreneur household group in the rural area. Key words: CGE model, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke, beta distribution function, human capital investment, poverty line
No full textThe research objectives are to analyze impact of human capital investment on income distribution and poverty incidence using the computable general equilibrium (CGE) Model. The model is combined with beta distribution function and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke. The human capital investment is approached by government expenditure for education and health. The simulation result shows that human capital investment is able to increase economic growth and household income. Income distribution especially in rural area becomes more equal which is shown by the beta distribution move to the right side of poverty line. Poverty incidence, poverty gap and poverty severity also decrease except for non-labor household group in the urban area. Human capital investment gives more benefit to household in rural area than those in urban area especially for farm-laborer and agriculture entrepreneur household group in the rural area. Key words: CGE model, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke, beta distribution function, human capital investment, poverty lin
Residential solid waste is being a critical problem in many cities in clauding Jakarta. Cummnity-based management is the most important strategy even when sophiticated treatment such as bio-energy or waste industrial park word be implemented soon, as every waste processing neds separated wastes. Increasing the participation through community-based manajement is more effective than cange people’sperception and behavior on domestic wastes. In some cates, to change community behavior in waste separition and recycling need more than ten years i.e. at Kampung Banjarsari, but with appropriate support system on sosial planning only took two years i.e. Kampung Rajawati. The implementation constrain of this progammeis on replication or expandability of the progamme to implemented in another place. There are also lack of government’s significantefforts to push and to supprots than action. It’s true that some cummunities develop the some model, but without acceleration and exvandable progamme, the significance of that effort is very poor. This study tried to ellaborate the model of system based ofnspatial analyses to determine resedential typology and found five resedential types i.e. high, middle-high, middle, middle-lower and lower level of resendential. Quantitative analyses to determine typology of community participation found four types of cummnity participation i.e. moral-normative, moral-remunerayive, calculative-remuneraive and calculative-coercive. Qualitative analyses had been ellaborated to determine authority or government policies typology. Breaking down from these clssification, there strategies could develop, namely community participation strategy, infastructure development strategy and institutional manajement strategy. Implementation of these models could accomodate the heterogeneity of communities and give positive impact on social acceptability. Key words: social planning, community management, residential solid wastes
No full textResidential solid waste is being a critical problem in many cities in clauding Jakarta. Cummnity-based management is the most important strategy even when sophiticated treatment such as bio-energy or waste industrial park word be implemented soon, as every waste processing neds separated wastes. Increasing the participation through community-based manajement is more effective than cange people’sperception and behavior on domestic wastes. In some cates, to change community behavior in waste separition and recycling need more than ten years i.e. at Kampung Banjarsari, but with appropriate support system on sosial planning only took two years i.e. Kampung Rajawati. The implementation constrain of this progammeis on replication or expandability of the progamme to implemented in another place. There are also lack of government’s significantefforts to push and to supprots than action. It’s true that some cummunities develop the some model, but without acceleration and exvandable progamme, the significance of that effort is very poor. This study tried to ellaborate the model of system based ofnspatial analyses to determine resedential typology and found five resedential types i.e. high, middle-high, middle, middle-lower and lower level of resendential. Quantitative analyses to determine typology of community participation found four types of cummnity participation i.e. moral-normative, moral-remunerayive, calculative-remuneraive and calculative-coercive. Qualitative analyses had been ellaborated to determine authority or government policies typology. Breaking down from these clssification, there strategies could develop, namely community participation strategy, infastructure development strategy and institutional manajement strategy. Implementation of these models could accomodate the heterogeneity of communities and give positive impact on social acceptability. Key words: social planning, community management, residential solid waste
Space truss is a three dimensional structure, which can draw forces work on its member either tension or compression without torsion. Space truss is favorable to build a large, light and stiff structure, which are made from relatively short bars. This research is a feasibility study of using bamboo as space truss members. This study focuses on designing bamboo connection, that strong enough for both tension and compression. According to the analysis done, bamboo culm with diameter 4 cm and 6 cm could be use to make space truss member for a simple 3m x 4 m canopy structure. The critical point of failure was on shear, because the shear strength of bamboo observed was only 3.9kg/cm2. Designing with uniform length members of one meter, it’s found that for bamboo of 4 cm and 6 cm in diameter, depth of shear area of 5 cm and 3 cm, respectively, are needed. Keywords: bamboo connection, space truss member, tension, compression
No full textSpace truss is a three dimensional structure, which can draw forces work on its member either tension or compression without torsion. Space truss is favorable to build a large, light and stiff structure, which are made from relatively short bars. This research is a feasibility study of using bamboo as space truss members. This study focuses on designing bamboo connection, that strong enough for both tension and compression. According to the analysis done, bamboo culm with diameter 4 cm and 6 cm could be use to make space truss member for a simple 3m x 4 m canopy structure. The critical point of failure was on shear, because the shear strength of bamboo observed was only 3.9kg/cm2. Designing with uniform length members of one meter, it’s found that for bamboo of 4 cm and 6 cm in diameter, depth of shear area of 5 cm and 3 cm, respectively, are needed. Keywords: bamboo connection, space truss member, tension, compressio
The change of environmental problem is very complex. The highest population growth caused supply of land and natural resources to be increased. If it does not control, it can influence natural resources stock and disturbs environmental balance system land use control is part of Bogor land use planning. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the dynamics of land use and population in the period of 1972-2005 in Bogor Municipality, (2) to develop dynamics model and analyze the relation between the instrument of land use control and the factors related to the sustaina tozbility of Bogor Municipality, and (3) to analyze stakeholders’ roles benefited to space control system in Bogor Municipality. The methods used for this research were (1) GIS analysis to observe the alteration influence landcover in period 1972-2005, (2) dynamic system analysis for landcover using in Bogor Municipality, and (3) AHP analysis to observe stakeholders’ role controlling use of landcover in Bogor Municipality. This research indicate that the dynamic of landcover such as forestry, mixed plantation, and open area (1972, 1983 and 1990) before to be extended were larger than after. For the landcover change such as resettlement, bush, water and wetland showed that were larger than before extended (2000 and 2005). The population dynamic analysis showed the optimum increasing on 1985-2020 (22,38%) but was not followed by good landcover use planning as indicated by forestry depletion from 25% to 2%, depletion of mixed plantation from 42% to 36%, resettlement need increased from 12% to 43%, and declining open area from 17% to 2%. These showed that Bogor developments were unsustainable. The dynamic analysis showed the correlation between the environmental component and land use control. Land use control to achieve Bogor sustainable development need many aspect such as land area, population number waste number, vehicle number, the length of roads and the role of stakeholder on land use control system in Bogor municipality though license mechanism and control. The government can influence land use control at level of controlling and level of licensing. For the government input as the authority that gives the permission of land using need to be consistent on the regulation they made. Key words: the dynamic, land use model, and controlling
No full textThe change of environmental problem is very complex. The highest population growth caused supply of land and natural resources to be increased. If it does not control, it can influence natural resources stock and disturbs environmental balance system land use control is part of Bogor land use planning. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the dynamics of land use and population in the period of 1972-2005 in Bogor Municipality, (2) to develop dynamics model and analyze the relation between the instrument of land use control and the factors related to the sustaina tozbility of Bogor Municipality, and (3) to analyze stakeholders’ roles benefited to space control system in Bogor Municipality. The methods used for this research were (1) GIS analysis to observe the alteration influence landcover in period 1972-2005, (2) dynamic system analysis for landcover using in Bogor Municipality, and (3) AHP analysis to observe stakeholders’ role controlling use of landcover in Bogor Municipality. This research indicate that the dynamic of landcover such as forestry, mixed plantation, and open area (1972, 1983 and 1990) before to be extended were larger than after. For the landcover change such as resettlement, bush, water and wetland showed that were larger than before extended (2000 and 2005). The population dynamic analysis showed the optimum increasing on 1985-2020 (22,38%) but was not followed by good landcover use planning as indicated by forestry depletion from 25% to 2%, depletion of mixed plantation from 42% to 36%, resettlement need increased from 12% to 43%, and declining open area from 17% to 2%. These showed that Bogor developments were unsustainable. The dynamic analysis showed the correlation between the environmental component and land use control. Land use control to achieve Bogor sustainable development need many aspect such as land area, population number waste number, vehicle number, the length of roads and the role of stakeholder on land use control system in Bogor municipality though license mechanism and control. The government can influence land use control at level of controlling and level of licensing. For the government input as the authority that gives the permission of land using need to be consistent on the regulation they made. Key words: the dynamic, land use model, and controllin
Credit aid programs can be used as a mean to improve the contribution of fishery sector. The impact of such credit on traditional fisheries was determined on the fishery productivity and their traditional fisherman income in Sulawesi Tengah Province. The research result showed that the credit was needed as an additional capital for the fishery sustainability. With such credit, the productivity of the fisheries increased as shown by sufficiently high incremental benefit which the fishermen achieved. The credit also affected the fisherman household in making decision related to such economic behaviors as productivity activities, working time, income and expenditure. Thus these behaviors were analyzed using an econometric approach with a simultaneous equation. Key words: tradisional fisheries, household economics behavior, credit, policy of developing fishery catch
No full textCredit aid programs can be used as a mean to improve the contribution of fishery sector. The impact of such credit on traditional fisheries was determined on the fishery productivity and their traditional fisherman income in Sulawesi Tengah Province. The research result showed that the credit was needed as an additional capital for the fishery sustainability. With such credit, the productivity of the fisheries increased as shown by sufficiently high incremental benefit which the fishermen achieved. The credit also affected the fisherman household in making decision related to such economic behaviors as productivity activities, working time, income and expenditure. Thus these behaviors were analyzed using an econometric approach with a simultaneous equation. Key words: tradisional fisheries, household economics behavior, credit, policy of developing fishery catc
This research aimed to study status of arbuscular mycrorrhizal fungus (AMF) in mangrove and coastal forest post-tsunami disaster, and to study the relationship of soil phosphorus content and number of AMF spores and AMF infection of mangrove and coastal forest post tsunami disaster. Research results show that there were variability in spore numbers in the field studied. The spore numbers in mangrove forest were found as 359, 235, 118 and 160 spores per 50 g of soil in Meulaboh, Banda Aceh, Pidie and Nias respectively. Meanwhile, in coastal forest were 587, 297, 265 and 158 spores per 50 g in Meulaboh, Banda Aceh, Pidie and Nias respectively. The root of Rhizophora sp. and Casuarina equisetifolia were colonized by AMF both in mangrove and coastal forest. Number of spores were negatively correlated to soil phosphorus content, however, there were tendency of positive correlation between root infection and soil phosphorus content. Key words: coastal forest, mangrove forest, mycorrhiza
No full textThis research aimed to study status of arbuscular mycrorrhizal fungus (AMF) in mangrove and coastal forest post-tsunami disaster, and to study the relationship of soil phosphorus content and number of AMF spores and AMF infection of mangrove and coastal forest post tsunami disaster. Research results show that there were variability in spore numbers in the field studied. The spore numbers in mangrove forest were found as 359, 235, 118 and 160 spores per 50 g of soil in Meulaboh, Banda Aceh, Pidie and Nias respectively. Meanwhile, in coastal forest were 587, 297, 265 and 158 spores per 50 g in Meulaboh, Banda Aceh, Pidie and Nias respectively. The root of Rhizophora sp. and Casuarina equisetifolia were colonized by AMF both in mangrove and coastal forest. Number of spores were negatively correlated to soil phosphorus content, however, there were tendency of positive correlation between root infection and soil phosphorus content. Key words: coastal forest, mangrove forest, mycorrhiz