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The main objective of this study is to analyze the structural change pattern and source of growth in the West Java economy 1993-2003 period. The analysis was using econometric, IO (input-ouput) and SAM (social accounting matrix) approach. The results of this study are: (1) economic structural transformation are drawn by declining of agriculture share both in output and employment, and household income distribution in this province are not equal, and (2) source of output growth are dominated by domestic final demand and export, while employment growth are dominated by labour intensity and technical coefficient. The implication of this study is maintain industrialization policy through ADLI and export promotion industry strategy. Key words: structural change pattern and source of growth
No full textThe main objective of this study is to analyze the structural change pattern and source of growth in the West Java economy 1993-2003 period. The analysis was using econometric, IO (input-ouput) and SAM (social accounting matrix) approach. The results of this study are: (1) economic structural transformation are drawn by declining of agriculture share both in output and employment, and household income distribution in this province are not equal, and (2) source of output growth are dominated by domestic final demand and export, while employment growth are dominated by labour intensity and technical coefficient. The implication of this study is maintain industrialization policy through ADLI and export promotion industry strategy. Key words: structural change pattern and source of growt
Sericulture has been long time in South Sulawesi become one of agriculture activities. Silk clothes is a tradition in South Sulawesi culture. South Sulawesi is the main producer of cocoon and raw silk in Indonesia. In recent years, the production of cocoon and raw silk was decreasing because of many factors, while demand of raw silk for weaving industry was increasing. The purpose of this study are to find the relation among institution, conduct and performance of sericulture activity, to find institutional arrangement of sericulture, to find incentive that can improve efficiency and performance of sericulture. The study was carried out in Enrekang and Soppeng of South Sulawesi and Luoding City of Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected using structured interviews, direct observation and documentations. The sample was consisted of 84 farmers, 3 civil servants, 2 sericulture experts, 2 egg producers, drawn using combination of random sampling and purposive sampling. The result of the study show that the difference in performance of sericulture in South Sulawesi and Guangdong because the difference in contract agreement between farmer and cocoon buyer, which make the the conduct of the farmer in Guangdong more consistent in their farming. Sericulture in South Sulawesi need to arrange their economic institution to improve their performance. Key words: institutional arrangement, sericulture, performance, South Sulawesi
No full textSericulture has been long time in South Sulawesi become one of agriculture activities. Silk clothes is a tradition in South Sulawesi culture. South Sulawesi is the main producer of cocoon and raw silk in Indonesia. In recent years, the production of cocoon and raw silk was decreasing because of many factors, while demand of raw silk for weaving industry was increasing. The purpose of this study are to find the relation among institution, conduct and performance of sericulture activity, to find institutional arrangement of sericulture, to find incentive that can improve efficiency and performance of sericulture. The study was carried out in Enrekang and Soppeng of South Sulawesi and Luoding City of Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected using structured interviews, direct observation and documentations. The sample was consisted of 84 farmers, 3 civil servants, 2 sericulture experts, 2 egg producers, drawn using combination of random sampling and purposive sampling. The result of the study show that the difference in performance of sericulture in South Sulawesi and Guangdong because the difference in contract agreement between farmer and cocoon buyer, which make the the conduct of the farmer in Guangdong more consistent in their farming. Sericulture in South Sulawesi need to arrange their economic institution to improve their performance. Key words: institutional arrangement, sericulture, performance, South Sulawes
Growth of Makassar City as metropolitan have been increasing urban economic growth and social community change, however, it caused problems non-bus public passenger transport management policy not integrated with urban spatial planning policy as one unity. Research objectives are aimed to design model of sustainable transportation management for non-bus public passenger transport integrated with urban spatial planning, to evaluate existing route pattern performance and to identify and to manage potentially polluted corridor from emission gas. Research methods consist of three phases namely valuating of route performance with descriptive analysis, identifying gas emission and zoning management with level of services, hierarchy analytical process (AHP), and designing priority policy model with geographic information system (GIS) and exponential comparative method (MPE). The results are: (i) the road level of services performance with the bigger traffic composition are motorcycle and non-bus public passenger transport and densities of primary roads as compared to secondary roads with level of services of C, B, and A for variation between collector and artery roads; (ii) vehicle emission as standard of very small as compared to step over standard and gas ambient by CO are sedan/jeep, kijang, pick-up, bus, non-bus public passenger transport and mini bus, and mini truck on the artery road, (iii) the priority alternatives on zoning arrangement are first for environmental facility improvement, vehicle arrangement, location decision, and institutions arrangement; (iv) model of sustainable transportation management with GIS is spatial database and transportation maps of selected route and zoning arrangement whereas policy priorities are regarding management aspect improving level of service which consider road capacity, real speed, and volume ratio and regarding policy aspect ascertaining spatial plan as a dominant factor for zoning arrangement in relation to vehicle pollution. Key words: non-bus public passenger transport, sustainable, spatial, route, emission
No full textGrowth of Makassar City as metropolitan have been increasing urban economic growth and social community change, however, it caused problems non-bus public passenger transport management policy not integrated with urban spatial planning policy as one unity. Research objectives are aimed to design model of sustainable transportation management for non-bus public passenger transport integrated with urban spatial planning, to evaluate existing route pattern performance and to identify and to manage potentially polluted corridor from emission gas. Research methods consist of three phases namely valuating of route performance with descriptive analysis, identifying gas emission and zoning management with level of services, hierarchy analytical process (AHP), and designing priority policy model with geographic information system (GIS) and exponential comparative method (MPE). The results are: (i) the road level of services performance with the bigger traffic composition are motorcycle and non-bus public passenger transport and densities of primary roads as compared to secondary roads with level of services of C, B, and A for variation between collector and artery roads; (ii) vehicle emission as standard of very small as compared to step over standard and gas ambient by CO are sedan/jeep, kijang, pick-up, bus, non-bus public passenger transport and mini bus, and mini truck on the artery road, (iii) the priority alternatives on zoning arrangement are first for environmental facility improvement, vehicle arrangement, location decision, and institutions arrangement; (iv) model of sustainable transportation management with GIS is spatial database and transportation maps of selected route and zoning arrangement whereas policy priorities are regarding management aspect improving level of service which consider road capacity, real speed, and volume ratio and regarding policy aspect ascertaining spatial plan as a dominant factor for zoning arrangement in relation to vehicle pollution. Key words: non-bus public passenger transport, sustainable, spatial, route, emissio
Diverse activities in Spermonde Islands cause serious damage of coral reef and seagrass ecosystem. This research is aimed to assess appropriateness and carrying capacity of gavernance of marine fishery tourism in Spermonde Islands. The research was conducted from March to July 2008 in several islands within Spermonde Archipelago i.e. Sapuli, Satando, Saugi, Cambang-Cambang, Salemo, Sakoala, Sabangko, Sagara, Sabutung and Gusung Torajae. The research stations were determined based on result of satellite images. Date collected were water quality, interview data, and secondary data. Analysis method of ecosystem condition used line intercept transects, environmental characteristics used principal component analysis, relationship between environmental characteristics and ecosystem potency applied correspondence analysis. feasibility analysis was continued with analysis of carrying capacity. Results of the research showed that condition of live coral and seagrass were categorized as bad to good. Based on feasibility analysis, it is known that carrying capacity of floating fish cage is 380 units, seaweed culture is 326 units, scuba diving tourism is 41.58 people/day, snorkeling is 17.82 people/day, coastal tourism is 11.754 people/day, and potency of coral fish is 71.21 tones/year Keywords: potency, carrying capacity, Spermonde Islands
No full textDiverse activities in Spermonde Islands cause serious damage of coral reef and seagrass ecosystem. This research is aimed to assess appropriateness and carrying capacity of gavernance of marine fishery tourism in Spermonde Islands. The research was conducted from March to July 2008 in several islands within Spermonde Archipelago i.e. Sapuli, Satando, Saugi, Cambang-Cambang, Salemo, Sakoala, Sabangko, Sagara, Sabutung and Gusung Torajae. The research stations were determined based on result of satellite images. Date collected were water quality, interview data, and secondary data. Analysis method of ecosystem condition used line intercept transects, environmental characteristics used principal component analysis, relationship between environmental characteristics and ecosystem potency applied correspondence analysis. feasibility analysis was continued with analysis of carrying capacity. Results of the research showed that condition of live coral and seagrass were categorized as bad to good. Based on feasibility analysis, it is known that carrying capacity of floating fish cage is 380 units, seaweed culture is 326 units, scuba diving tourism is 41.58 people/day, snorkeling is 17.82 people/day, coastal tourism is 11.754 people/day, and potency of coral fish is 71.21 tones/year Keywords: potency, carrying capacity, Spermonde Island
The purpose of this research is to built a water quality model which explains DO-BOD responsse as the effect of organic loading by hydrodynamic behavior, chemical and biological processes in the stream which are developed mathematically from reoxygenation rate (ka), deoxygenation rate (kd), photosynthesis and respiration, sediment oxygen demand (SOD) that are got from laboratory analysis and direct measuring in the field. The research was done in laboratory using standard method and also done in field when rainy and dry season. Parameters that were measured are water temperature, pH, BOD, DO, discharge, velocity, and water depth. Based on the research, DO-BOD responsse observation has a same tendency with the result of model. Key words: hydrodinamic, reoxygenation rate, decomposition rate, DO-BOD responsse
No full textThe purpose of this research is to built a water quality model which explains DO-BOD responsse as the effect of organic loading by hydrodynamic behavior, chemical and biological processes in the stream which are developed mathematically from reoxygenation rate (ka), deoxygenation rate (kd), photosynthesis and respiration, sediment oxygen demand (SOD) that are got from laboratory analysis and direct measuring in the field. The research was done in laboratory using standard method and also done in field when rainy and dry season. Parameters that were measured are water temperature, pH, BOD, DO, discharge, velocity, and water depth. Based on the research, DO-BOD responsse observation has a same tendency with the result of model. Key words: hydrodinamic, reoxygenation rate, decomposition rate, DO-BOD responss
Soil and water conservation treatment have a significant effect on value of C factor and soil erosion. Vegetatif conservation treatment aimed to reduce of both C factor and soil erosion of the cacao cropping system. The decrease of both C factor and soil erosion were affected by density of crop canopy and plant rows in counter line, with organic matter addition from system mentioned above. Experimental method with field study was applied in split plot design consisting three factors, namely (i) slope consisting two levels (10-15% and 40-45%) and (ii) age of the cacao plant consisting two levels (5 to 7 month and 25 to 27 month) were used as main plots (P1 = 5 to 7 month and 10-15%; P2 = 25 to 27 month and 10-15%; P3 = 5 to 7 month and 40-45%; and P4 = 25 to 27 month and 40-45%), while (iii) vegetatif conservation treatment was used as sub plots consisting three levels, i.e T1 = cacao with disc clearing, T2 = dry field rice and soybean rotation within cacao plants, T3 = T2 + Arachis pintoi as strip plant. There was not interaction between both cacao plant and slope treatment with vegetatif conservation treatment to value of C factor and soil erosion. The value of C factor in cacao plant and slope treatment P3 (0,43) was significantly different with P4 (0,37). The value of C factor in the vegetatif conservation treatment T1 (0,25) was significantly lower (P < 0,05) than T2 (0,55) and T3 (0,39). Soil erosion in cacao plant and slope treatment P2 (15,99 ton.ha-1.year-1) was significantly lower than P1, P3, and P4. Furthermore, soil erosion in the vegetatif conservation treatment T1 (12,95 ton ha-1 year-1) was significantly lower than T2 and T3. Data analysis with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P < 0,05) were done by using SAS program. Key words: cacao, erosion, the value of C factor
No full textSoil and water conservation treatment have a significant effect on value of C factor and soil erosion. Vegetatif conservation treatment aimed to reduce of both C factor and soil erosion of the cacao cropping system. The decrease of both C factor and soil erosion were affected by density of crop canopy and plant rows in counter line, with organic matter addition from system mentioned above. Experimental method with field study was applied in split plot design consisting three factors, namely (i) slope consisting two levels (10-15% and 40-45%) and (ii) age of the cacao plant consisting two levels (5 to 7 month and 25 to 27 month) were used as main plots (P1 = 5 to 7 month and 10-15%; P2 = 25 to 27 month and 10-15%; P3 = 5 to 7 month and 40-45%; and P4 = 25 to 27 month and 40-45%), while (iii) vegetatif conservation treatment was used as sub plots consisting three levels, i.e T1 = cacao with disc clearing, T2 = dry field rice and soybean rotation within cacao plants, T3 = T2 + Arachis pintoi as strip plant. There was not interaction between both cacao plant and slope treatment with vegetatif conservation treatment to value of C factor and soil erosion. The value of C factor in cacao plant and slope treatment P3 (0,43) was significantly different with P4 (0,37). The value of C factor in the vegetatif conservation treatment T1 (0,25) was significantly lower (P < 0,05) than T2 (0,55) and T3 (0,39). Soil erosion in cacao plant and slope treatment P2 (15,99 ton.ha-1.year-1) was significantly lower than P1, P3, and P4. Furthermore, soil erosion in the vegetatif conservation treatment T1 (12,95 ton ha-1 year-1) was significantly lower than T2 and T3. Data analysis with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P < 0,05) were done by using SAS program. Key words: cacao, erosion, the value of C facto
The field observation of this research was conducted from June 2005 to May 2007 in tropical rainforest at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The main objectives of this research were to study (i) the relationships between interception loss and rainfall properties and vegetation characters and to determine the dominant factors affected, (ii) the effect of rainfall interception on energy flux and mass transfer, and (iii) the dynamics of vertical energy flux under the forest and grass land. Rainfall interception was 36.34% of gross rainfall in 200 events, Depth rainfall and LAI factors had strong effects on rainfall interception. The relationships could be expressed as Ic = 0.980+0.239P+0.035LAI (R2 = 0.78). The output of this equation was compared with Gash model and the observation value showed that deviation of the equation was 1% and less than Gash model, so that equation gave as good result as Gash model gave. By considering the data requirements and calculation procedures it was concluded that this equation is applicable for interception prediction. Land use type had effects on radiative and energy balance. Net radiation (Rn) in the forest was 10.66 MJ/m2/day and higher than in the grass land where incident global radiation was similar. Vertical latent heat flux in the forest was 9.53 MJ/m2/day or 89.40% Rn in rainy day and 8.41 MJ/m2/day or 74.56% Rn in dry day, on the other hand, in the grass land, sensible heat flux was higher than latent heat flux of all weather condition. Direct effect of rainfall interception on energy flux and mass transfer it is needed latent heat about 9.0 MJ/m2/rainy day to evaporate the rain intercepted 3.69 mm/rainy day. Effect of rainfall interception had positive correlation with latent heat flux and the negative correlation with sensible heat flux. Key words: interception, energy, mass and tropical rainforest
No full textThe field observation of this research was conducted from June 2005 to May 2007 in tropical rainforest at Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The main objectives of this research were to study (i) the relationships between interception loss and rainfall properties and vegetation characters and to determine the dominant factors affected, (ii) the effect of rainfall interception on energy flux and mass transfer, and (iii) the dynamics of vertical energy flux under the forest and grass land. Rainfall interception was 36.34% of gross rainfall in 200 events, Depth rainfall and LAI factors had strong effects on rainfall interception. The relationships could be expressed as Ic = 0.980+0.239P+0.035LAI (R2 = 0.78). The output of this equation was compared with Gash model and the observation value showed that deviation of the equation was 1% and less than Gash model, so that equation gave as good result as Gash model gave. By considering the data requirements and calculation procedures it was concluded that this equation is applicable for interception prediction. Land use type had effects on radiative and energy balance. Net radiation (Rn) in the forest was 10.66 MJ/m2/day and higher than in the grass land where incident global radiation was similar. Vertical latent heat flux in the forest was 9.53 MJ/m2/day or 89.40% Rn in rainy day and 8.41 MJ/m2/day or 74.56% Rn in dry day, on the other hand, in the grass land, sensible heat flux was higher than latent heat flux of all weather condition. Direct effect of rainfall interception on energy flux and mass transfer it is needed latent heat about 9.0 MJ/m2/rainy day to evaporate the rain intercepted 3.69 mm/rainy day. Effect of rainfall interception had positive correlation with latent heat flux and the negative correlation with sensible heat flux. Key words: interception, energy, mass and tropical rainfores
Environmental conflicts in protection forest mostly caused by issues of scarcity, negative externalities, structural unbalance, and different viewpoint of people on value of forests. In many cases, forest governance creates overlapping policies regarding with these issues that may generate conflict escalation; this occurs in Register 45B of Protection Forest Zone in Lampung Province. This research aimed to study (1) factors those affecting (escalation of) conflict, (2) conflict management styles manifested by parties/disputants, (3) polarization of parties refer to the conflict roots they face, and (4) settlement options that parties willing to take referring to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) options. Research implementation and analysis carried out by using pathway analysis and pairwise comparison analysis-scheffe test. The research found that conflict escalation was mainly caused by decision to convert forest land use. Conflict management styles are collaborative and compromise. Polarizations of parties refer to similarities on interests. All parties willing to take negotiation and/or facilitation as ADR options to settle disputes. Key words: conflict, environment, forest, resolution
No full textEnvironmental conflicts in protection forest mostly caused by issues of scarcity, negative externalities, structural unbalance, and different viewpoint of people on value of forests. In many cases, forest governance creates overlapping policies regarding with these issues that may generate conflict escalation; this occurs in Register 45B of Protection Forest Zone in Lampung Province. This research aimed to study (1) factors those affecting (escalation of) conflict, (2) conflict management styles manifested by parties/disputants, (3) polarization of parties refer to the conflict roots they face, and (4) settlement options that parties willing to take referring to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) options. Research implementation and analysis carried out by using pathway analysis and pairwise comparison analysis-scheffe test. The research found that conflict escalation was mainly caused by decision to convert forest land use. Conflict management styles are collaborative and compromise. Polarizations of parties refer to similarities on interests. All parties willing to take negotiation and/or facilitation as ADR options to settle disputes. Key words: conflict, environment, forest, resolutio
This article reported risk preferences and the consequences on tobacco farming in Pamekasan. Frontier production function model with heteroskedastic error structure estimated by maximume likelihood estimation developed by Kumbhakar was adopted to analyze the goals. This model can capture the effect of risk preference on input allocation, inefficiency and productivity. Four hundred fifty samples were drawn by cluster sampling method. The results show that risk preferences were not depended on agroecosystem and farming system, but they were determined by farm size. Most of the farmers prefered to avoid production risk. The consequences were input allocation under optimum condition, technical and allocative efficiencies at a low level, and depleted productivity. Key words: productivity, production risk, risk preference, inefficiency
No full textThis article reported risk preferences and the consequences on tobacco farming in Pamekasan. Frontier production function model with heteroskedastic error structure estimated by maximume likelihood estimation developed by Kumbhakar was adopted to analyze the goals. This model can capture the effect of risk preference on input allocation, inefficiency and productivity. Four hundred fifty samples were drawn by cluster sampling method. The results show that risk preferences were not depended on agroecosystem and farming system, but they were determined by farm size. Most of the farmers prefered to avoid production risk. The consequences were input allocation under optimum condition, technical and allocative efficiencies at a low level, and depleted productivity. Key words: productivity, production risk, risk preference, inefficienc