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Re-circulating rice dryers suitable for large amount of loading capacity. It generally comprises of two parts, the tempering section and a drying section, and the grains are dried in an intermittent way until the final moisture content of the grains can be achieved. Wet grains are initially dried for about 11 minutes within the drying section of the dryer. The grains then are conveyed to the tempering section where it will be stored for about 40 to 50 minutes. At every passes, about less than 2%(wb) of the moisture content can be removed from the grains. The number of passes required to accomplish a drying process in a recirculation dryer depends on the initial moisture content and the amount of rough rice to be dried. The drying and tempering duration can be adjusted by means of a mechanical valve. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of re-circulating dryers equipped with pneumatic conveyor instead of bucket elevator to reduce electricity cost and heated using a proper blend between kerosene and jatropha oil. Several experimental runs had been conducted under a constant drying temperature of 60oC and was controlled by adjusting the rate of fuel consumption. The experimental results showed that the drying efficiency was in the range of 22.2% to 31.1%, the specific energy consumption was between 3.475-4.785 MJ/kg H2O evaporated, fuel consumption at 0.95 to 1.15 (liters/hr) and the drying rate was 0.9%/hr. The entire drying operation using 465 kg of rough rice required 10 hours of drying time with 74.3% of head yield. Mathematical model used in this study also had indicated close agreement with experimental data. Key words: re-circulating dryer, pneumatic conveyor, drying performance, tempering period, bio-kerosene blend
No full textRe-circulating rice dryers suitable for large amount of loading capacity. It generally comprises of two parts, the tempering section and a drying section, and the grains are dried in an intermittent way until the final moisture content of the grains can be achieved. Wet grains are initially dried for about 11 minutes within the drying section of the dryer. The grains then are conveyed to the tempering section where it will be stored for about 40 to 50 minutes. At every passes, about less than 2%(wb) of the moisture content can be removed from the grains. The number of passes required to accomplish a drying process in a recirculation dryer depends on the initial moisture content and the amount of rough rice to be dried. The drying and tempering duration can be adjusted by means of a mechanical valve. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of re-circulating dryers equipped with pneumatic conveyor instead of bucket elevator to reduce electricity cost and heated using a proper blend between kerosene and jatropha oil. Several experimental runs had been conducted under a constant drying temperature of 60oC and was controlled by adjusting the rate of fuel consumption. The experimental results showed that the drying efficiency was in the range of 22.2% to 31.1%, the specific energy consumption was between 3.475-4.785 MJ/kg H2O evaporated, fuel consumption at 0.95 to 1.15 (liters/hr) and the drying rate was 0.9%/hr. The entire drying operation using 465 kg of rough rice required 10 hours of drying time with 74.3% of head yield. Mathematical model used in this study also had indicated close agreement with experimental data. Key words: re-circulating dryer, pneumatic conveyor, drying performance, tempering period, bio-kerosene blen
Agroforestry adoption studies about farmer’s decision making on tree planting have been conducted for many cases, but there was an important aspect that still had less concern about farmer views especially how they choose the plant species and planting pattern and why they do that. The aim of this study was to explain the farmer’s reasons when they choose a plant species and planting pattern with different land tenure systems, state forest and private land. Method used in this study was a case study through analyzing plant species and planting pattern selection, financial flow, and household revenue structure. The results showed that: the farmer’s reasons were (1) cash income, (2) production continuity, (3) gestation period, (4) easy maintenance and harvest, (5) easy post harvest process, (6) tolerance to be planted with other plants, and (7) land tenure security (especially in state forest land); most farmers chose cacao species, with the main combination of planting patterns that consist of cacao and banana in state forest land, cacao and petai, cacao and durian in private land; and all the planting pattern were financially feasible; the largest contribution was given by cacao at all planting patterns based on farmer household revenue structure. Keywords: farmer’s decision making, crop and planting pattern selection, agroforestry
No full textAgroforestry adoption studies about farmer’s decision making on tree planting have been conducted for many cases, but there was an important aspect that still had less concern about farmer views especially how they choose the plant species and planting pattern and why they do that. The aim of this study was to explain the farmer’s reasons when they choose a plant species and planting pattern with different land tenure systems, state forest and private land. Method used in this study was a case study through analyzing plant species and planting pattern selection, financial flow, and household revenue structure. The results showed that: the farmer’s reasons were (1) cash income, (2) production continuity, (3) gestation period, (4) easy maintenance and harvest, (5) easy post harvest process, (6) tolerance to be planted with other plants, and (7) land tenure security (especially in state forest land); most farmers chose cacao species, with the main combination of planting patterns that consist of cacao and banana in state forest land, cacao and petai, cacao and durian in private land; and all the planting pattern were financially feasible; the largest contribution was given by cacao at all planting patterns based on farmer household revenue structure. Keywords: farmer’s decision making, crop and planting pattern selection, agroforestr
The effort to the economy growth of developing countries is directed to create an integrated zone that will motivate export, invite investors, and be a catalyst of a continuous growing and developing region. This research is to design agroestat as an integrated agricultural zone under one management based on local specific competitive horticulture with regional development approach. The research of agroestat is holistic covering the whole value-chain (farming, industry, and trading) of the regional, national, and international process agriculture. Agroestat make use of a complex and complicated inter-dependency and inter-relation of multidimensional (social, culture, and economy) among sectors (agriculture, industry, and commerce). Therefore, this research applied, soft, system methodology to design conceptual model of agroestat (soft system) and decision support system (hard system). The study of agroestat benchmarks to three models of newly specific developed integrated region that is Perkebunan Inti Rakyat (PIR), agropolitan, and ecoindustrial park model. The conceptual model of agroestate, consist of five individual elements which are infrastructure, district, business, funding, and management. As a whole it describes the agroestate model. Regionalization of agroestate is using objective and subjective approach into three (agriculture, industry, and commerce) economic zone on fair free trade competition and decentralization of government policy. Agroestat in the smallest autonomous area of Kabupaten/Kota applying the integrity concept, needs supports of local government in indirect-subsidies (infrastructure) and regulation (spatial order). Agroestate needs an independent, professional, commercial institution to manage agroestate. The validation of Agroestat DSS (decision support system) has been done in Kabupaten Brebes with shallot as local competitive horticulture commodity. Key words: agroestat, agricultural region, agriculture, shallot
No full textThe effort to the economy growth of developing countries is directed to create an integrated zone that will motivate export, invite investors, and be a catalyst of a continuous growing and developing region. This research is to design agroestat as an integrated agricultural zone under one management based on local specific competitive horticulture with regional development approach. The research of agroestat is holistic covering the whole value-chain (farming, industry, and trading) of the regional, national, and international process agriculture. Agroestat make use of a complex and complicated inter-dependency and inter-relation of multidimensional (social, culture, and economy) among sectors (agriculture, industry, and commerce). Therefore, this research applied, soft, system methodology to design conceptual model of agroestat (soft system) and decision support system (hard system). The study of agroestat benchmarks to three models of newly specific developed integrated region that is Perkebunan Inti Rakyat (PIR), agropolitan, and ecoindustrial park model. The conceptual model of agroestate, consist of five individual elements which are infrastructure, district, business, funding, and management. As a whole it describes the agroestate model. Regionalization of agroestate is using objective and subjective approach into three (agriculture, industry, and commerce) economic zone on fair free trade competition and decentralization of government policy. Agroestat in the smallest autonomous area of Kabupaten/Kota applying the integrity concept, needs supports of local government in indirect-subsidies (infrastructure) and regulation (spatial order). Agroestate needs an independent, professional, commercial institution to manage agroestate. The validation of Agroestat DSS (decision support system) has been done in Kabupaten Brebes with shallot as local competitive horticulture commodity. Key words: agroestat, agricultural region, agriculture, shallo
Since the 1970s, energy has been a significant product of forest-related biomass. The use of wood to provide industrial heat and electricity has become important to the economic viability of the forest product and other industry. Growing normally at marginal soil of mining area, Leuchaena leucocephala, Samanea saman, Sesbandia grandiflora, Glirisidia maculate, Pterocarpus indica, Enterolobium cylocarpum, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Gmelina arborea woods were analysed to investigate heat value and economic feasibility of their usage as coal substitution in cement production. Examination on those woods species showed that mean of heat value in air dry condition was about 4.000 kcal/kg. As BC ratio is 2,07, then the mining plantation enterprise to provide fuel wood is feasible economically. Key words: wood, heat value, feasibility
No full textSince the 1970s, energy has been a significant product of forest-related biomass. The use of wood to provide industrial heat and electricity has become important to the economic viability of the forest product and other industry. Growing normally at marginal soil of mining area, Leuchaena leucocephala, Samanea saman, Sesbandia grandiflora, Glirisidia maculate, Pterocarpus indica, Enterolobium cylocarpum, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Gmelina arborea woods were analysed to investigate heat value and economic feasibility of their usage as coal substitution in cement production. Examination on those woods species showed that mean of heat value in air dry condition was about 4.000 kcal/kg. As BC ratio is 2,07, then the mining plantation enterprise to provide fuel wood is feasible economically. Key words: wood, heat value, feasibilit
High blood cholesterol in human might cause atheroskelerosis, a disease that eventually leads to the occurrence of coronary heart attack. This research was aimed to investigate level of sago waste or shrimp waste on plasma cholesterol and growth in rats. The experiment was conducted on 28 males Spraque dowley rat of one month old and was set up in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were R0 (0 % sago waste and srimp meal) as a control, ASA 10 (10% of sago waste), ASA 20% (20% of sago waste), ASAF 10% (10% fermentation of sago waste), ASAF 20% (20% fermentation of sago waste), LU 10% (10% of srimp waste), LU 20% (20% of srimp waste). Variables measured included feed intake, body weight gain, plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglyceride. The results showed that there was non-significant decrease in feed intake, whereas on body weight gain showed significant effect (P<0.05) between ASA 20%, ASAF 20% and LU 20%. Feed eficiency showed significant effect (P < 0, 01) between R0, ASA 20%, LU 10% with LU 20%. There was significant differences (P < 0.05) in plasma cholesterol between ASA 20% and R0, ASA 10%, LU 10% and 10% of ASAF, while HDL, LDL and plasma triglyceride did not indicate a significant effect between treatment. It is concluded that percentages of sago waste, fermentation of sago waste and shrimp waste in the ration as an effort to reduce cholesterol do not give a positive effect on feed intake, HDL, LDL and plasma triglyceride of rats; giving 20% of sago waste, 10% of fermentation of sago waste and 10% of shrimp waste showed significant effect on body weight gain, and the highest was obtained at a given ration ASA 20%, i.e. 3.55 g; giving ASA 20% has the highest feed eficiency that is 0.31; giving 20% of sago waste, fermentated sago waste and shrimp waste reduce cholesterol level significantly. The lowest plasma cholesterol was obtained at 20% ASA treatment that is 59.75 mg/dl. Key words: sago waste, fermentation, shrimp waste, rat performance
No full textHigh blood cholesterol in human might cause atheroskelerosis, a disease that eventually leads to the occurrence of coronary heart attack. This research was aimed to investigate level of sago waste or shrimp waste on plasma cholesterol and growth in rats. The experiment was conducted on 28 males Spraque dowley rat of one month old and was set up in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments were R0 (0 % sago waste and srimp meal) as a control, ASA 10 (10% of sago waste), ASA 20% (20% of sago waste), ASAF 10% (10% fermentation of sago waste), ASAF 20% (20% fermentation of sago waste), LU 10% (10% of srimp waste), LU 20% (20% of srimp waste). Variables measured included feed intake, body weight gain, plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglyceride. The results showed that there was non-significant decrease in feed intake, whereas on body weight gain showed significant effect (P<0.05) between ASA 20%, ASAF 20% and LU 20%. Feed eficiency showed significant effect (P < 0, 01) between R0, ASA 20%, LU 10% with LU 20%. There was significant differences (P < 0.05) in plasma cholesterol between ASA 20% and R0, ASA 10%, LU 10% and 10% of ASAF, while HDL, LDL and plasma triglyceride did not indicate a significant effect between treatment. It is concluded that percentages of sago waste, fermentation of sago waste and shrimp waste in the ration as an effort to reduce cholesterol do not give a positive effect on feed intake, HDL, LDL and plasma triglyceride of rats; giving 20% of sago waste, 10% of fermentation of sago waste and 10% of shrimp waste showed significant effect on body weight gain, and the highest was obtained at a given ration ASA 20%, i.e. 3.55 g; giving ASA 20% has the highest feed eficiency that is 0.31; giving 20% of sago waste, fermentated sago waste and shrimp waste reduce cholesterol level significantly. The lowest plasma cholesterol was obtained at 20% ASA treatment that is 59.75 mg/dl. Key words: sago waste, fermentation, shrimp waste, rat performanc
Knowledge-based economics can[1] be achieved by using the role of knowledge to commercialize university research result in the agroindustry activities. Collaboration as a model to realize transfer of technology between university and agroindustry is institutional proven model. The use of science and technology in the new era of knowledge-based economy is expected to contribute in improvement of nation competitiveness. Decision making in the complex, dynamic and probabilistic problem as founded in the collaboration model needs analytical tools such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy inference system (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) as well as the combination of both techniques which is one of the best method for designing Model of University and Small, Medium Agroindustry collaboration in transferring technology as a reliable model in the future. Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Inference System is used to have input-output mapping using fuzzy logic, and artificial neural network with back propagation mechanism is used to get optimal membership parameters. Knowledge acquisition of the experts are needed together with ANFIS (adaptive network fuzzy inference system). After having simulation using Matlab program by combining ANFIS for Fuzzy membership function and certainty factor for non fuzzy membership function, recommendation is made on networking as collaboration pattern on transferring of innovation technology is the best choice, and fishery agroindustry using incubator technology as institution model is the best evidence of certainty factor achieved. Key words: collaboration model, technology transfer, AHP, neuro-fuzzy and takagi sugeno inference 6) Fakultas Matematika dan IPA, Universitas Indonesia
No full textKnowledge-based economics can[1] be achieved by using the role of knowledge to commercialize university research result in the agroindustry activities. Collaboration as a model to realize transfer of technology between university and agroindustry is institutional proven model. The use of science and technology in the new era of knowledge-based economy is expected to contribute in improvement of nation competitiveness. Decision making in the complex, dynamic and probabilistic problem as founded in the collaboration model needs analytical tools such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy inference system (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) as well as the combination of both techniques which is one of the best method for designing Model of University and Small, Medium Agroindustry collaboration in transferring technology as a reliable model in the future. Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Inference System is used to have input-output mapping using fuzzy logic, and artificial neural network with back propagation mechanism is used to get optimal membership parameters. Knowledge acquisition of the experts are needed together with ANFIS (adaptive network fuzzy inference system). After having simulation using Matlab program by combining ANFIS for Fuzzy membership function and certainty factor for non fuzzy membership function, recommendation is made on networking as collaboration pattern on transferring of innovation technology is the best choice, and fishery agroindustry using incubator technology as institution model is the best evidence of certainty factor achieved. Key words: collaboration model, technology transfer, AHP, neuro-fuzzy and takagi sugeno inference 6) Fakultas Matematika dan IPA, Universitas Indonesi
The objectives of this research were; (1) to analyze production efficiency and profitability of smallholder rubber monoculture and smallholder rubber agroforestry systems, and (2) to find out the effects of policy distortions towards rubber production under smallholder monoculture and smallholder agroforestry. Smallholders are not only judged by yield per hectare; economic efficiency is not only a matter of returns to land and returns to labor but smallholders can adopt low input strategy, continue making profits at prices that would be economically viable. Such flexibility offers the possibility of efficient resource allocation in response to diversification of economic opportunities. The policy analysis matrix (PAM) with the domestic resource cost (DRC) results under the baseline scenario indicated that the use of domestic resources in production of rubber was efficient and socially profitable under the two systems but more desirable under monoculture system given the current prices for physical inputs, outputs, technologies and policy transfer. However, even with sensitivity analysis of 10% increase in the price of rubber holding other factors constant does not make rubber agroforestry system more efficient than its counterpart and a 20% fall in price of rubber made rubber production under agroforestry system less efficient and undesirable. All measures are compared to the alternative policy indicators currently used. Therefore, recommendations made from this study relate to the need for diversification into better practices that can sustain efficient rubber production under the agroforestry system, encouraging private sector participation and reducing disincentives to rubber production. Key words: smallholder rubber agroforestry, economic efficiency, policy analysis matrix
No full textThe objectives of this research were; (1) to analyze production efficiency and profitability of smallholder rubber monoculture and smallholder rubber agroforestry systems, and (2) to find out the effects of policy distortions towards rubber production under smallholder monoculture and smallholder agroforestry. Smallholders are not only judged by yield per hectare; economic efficiency is not only a matter of returns to land and returns to labor but smallholders can adopt low input strategy, continue making profits at prices that would be economically viable. Such flexibility offers the possibility of efficient resource allocation in response to diversification of economic opportunities. The policy analysis matrix (PAM) with the domestic resource cost (DRC) results under the baseline scenario indicated that the use of domestic resources in production of rubber was efficient and socially profitable under the two systems but more desirable under monoculture system given the current prices for physical inputs, outputs, technologies and policy transfer. However, even with sensitivity analysis of 10% increase in the price of rubber holding other factors constant does not make rubber agroforestry system more efficient than its counterpart and a 20% fall in price of rubber made rubber production under agroforestry system less efficient and undesirable. All measures are compared to the alternative policy indicators currently used. Therefore, recommendations made from this study relate to the need for diversification into better practices that can sustain efficient rubber production under the agroforestry system, encouraging private sector participation and reducing disincentives to rubber production. Key words: smallholder rubber agroforestry, economic efficiency, policy analysis matri
This study is aim to analyze the expost (2001-2004) and exante (2007-2010) impacts of industrial relation issues on Indonesian economy in the era of regional autonomy. To reach this objective, a simultaneous equations model containing 34 stuctural equations and 18 identity equations is constructed. Time series 1980-2004 data was used in this study and model was estimated by 2SLS Method, SYSLIN Procedure. Historical and forcasting simulation used the SIMNLIN Procedure. Estimated parameters of the model suggest that an increase of minimum wage policy, emergence of labour union and strike cases affect significantly on investment, agregate supply, unemployment and inflation. Results of the simulations analysis indicate that solving industrial relation issues is potential to increase investment and agregate supply as well as to decrease unemployment and inflation in 2007-2010. Key words: industrial relation issues, economy, regional autonomy
No full textThis study is aim to analyze the expost (2001-2004) and exante (2007-2010) impacts of industrial relation issues on Indonesian economy in the era of regional autonomy. To reach this objective, a simultaneous equations model containing 34 stuctural equations and 18 identity equations is constructed. Time series 1980-2004 data was used in this study and model was estimated by 2SLS Method, SYSLIN Procedure. Historical and forcasting simulation used the SIMNLIN Procedure. Estimated parameters of the model suggest that an increase of minimum wage policy, emergence of labour union and strike cases affect significantly on investment, agregate supply, unemployment and inflation. Results of the simulations analysis indicate that solving industrial relation issues is potential to increase investment and agregate supply as well as to decrease unemployment and inflation in 2007-2010. Key words: industrial relation issues, economy, regional autonom