Jurnal POETIKA
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Gender Inequality in Tri Utami’s Novel Entitled Dunia Padmini
Full text linkThe present study examines the issue of women’s internal struggle in response to patriarchal culture and gender inequality portrayed in Tri Utami’s novel entitled Dunia Padmini. Drawing on textual analysis, this study describes empirical facts and evidence related to gender inequality in the novel. The analysis results demonstrate that the financial dependence and subordination of women are forms of gender inequality. This is also supported by social constructions that give negative stereotypes to the role of women as second-class citizens. This construction has not changed much even when women have juggled dual roles (domestic and public). The results of this study contribute to literature enrichment regarding the issue of gender equality based on socio-feminism theory, particularly on strengthening the roles and rights of women in social life, and how they get their rights in society
Shovah’s Reality (Re)Construction: A Žižekian Reading of Ideology in Phil Kelly's Farsight
Full text linkThis research examines the logic behind Shovah's ideology upon the Greater Good and how his fantasy helps him reconstruct his reality in Phil Kelly's novel Farsight. The primary data of this research is obtained by the means of close reading of the novel, notably narration and conversation which concern Shovah and his overall attitude. The analysis of Shovah's ideological journey employs Slavoj Žižek's theory of ideology. The study reveals that the Greater Good acts as an ideological quilt, an empty signifier that unifies particular attributes. However, at the same time, the Greater Good as an ideological quilt is unstable because there is nothing behind it. According to Žižek's theory, Shovah's devotion to the Greater Good can be seen as a process of satisfying the traumatic abyss of the big Other, which is analogous to nothingness. To elude this traumatic abyss, Shovah constructed fantasy, a screen against the desire of the big Other, to keep living in reality
Prostitute Praising Represented by Male Novelists in Post-1998 Religious Society
Full text linkProstitute praising is represented by Remy Sylado in novel titled Ca-Bau-Kan: Hanya Sebuah Dosa (1999) and Arswendo Atmowiloto in novel titled Dewi Kawi (2008). Prostitute praising in the novels written by males in religious society in the midst of discourse about freedom of expression flowing in post-1998 era in Indonesia becomes problem of this research. Regarding the problem, this research aims to identify: (1) how prostitute praising is represented by males in their novel, (2) why male novelists produce such representations by applying Stuart Hall’s representation theory in relation to production of meaning through language and production of knowledge through discourse. The theory application reveals that male novelists represent prostitute praising in private and public domain which are mixed up and that there is relation between male and female in the domains siding with male as constructed by post-1998 discursive formation involving the state and religions to uphold masculine domination
KASYF PHENOMENON IN THE DEFOCALIZATION OF RATIONALITY: A MAGICAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE ON GUS MUS’S GUS JAKFAR
Full text linkGus Jakfar won the best short story in Kompas daily in 2004. This short story by Gus Mus tells of the story of a character named Gus Jakfar who has the privilege of forseeing other people’s fate just by looking at ‘signs’ (kasyf). Later, Gus Jakfar stopped seeing signs after his trip to meet Kiai Tawakkal. The phenomenon of seeing precognitive signs cannot be rationally understood by modern knowledge. The study of Gus Jakfar in the present article adopts magical realism from Wendy B. Faris’ perspective as a theoretical framework to examine kasyf as a defocalization narrative in short stories. The method of this study is descriptive analysis. The evidence to support the analysis includes words, phrases and sentences in the short story that are relevant to magical realist perspective, particularly in relation to the five elements of magical realism and defocalization. The analysis and description are carried out after collecting pieces of evidence from the short story. The analysis in this study shows that Gus Jakfar has the five characteristics of magical realism in it. From the five characteristics reflected in the text, there is an element called kasyf that is found to be an attempt of defocalization which is presented by the author using a mirroring technique. Kasyf in this short story is depicted from three perspectives. Although modern rationality has influenced people's identities, the pesantren tradition has not been abandoned. In this context, the kasyf phenomenon is understood as an alternative source of magical knowledge beyond the modern rational knowledge
“PLEASE DON’T TREAT ME LIKE A SERVANT. I DO HAVE MY RIGHTS”: INDONESIAN MIGRANT DOMESTIC WORKERS (IMDWS) WROTE BACK IN FAMILIAR STRANGERS (2018)
Full text linkFacilitated by The Voice of Singapore’s Invisible Hands, a non-profit organization (NPO) that promotes the rights and welfare of migrant workers in Singapore through literary works on Facebook, some Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers (IMDWs) in Singapore such as Seruni, Fadillah, et. al., to name a few, have been able to publish their poems and short stories in an anthology entitled “Familiar Strangers” (2018). To add to the current studies of literary works written by migrant workers that are about home and family as well as migratory experience of exile, loneliness, alienation, and isolation, the present study offers a different perspective of IMDW’s migratory experience working in Singapore that is depicted in the six selected poems through the postcolonial lens. Accordingly, it examines the migrant workers’ salient migratory experience of working in Singapore that, I argue, conveys voices of renegotiation for better IMDWs’ position as domestic workers and thus challenges certain stereotypes about them. The voice of renegotiation is expressed by vocalizing steadfastness and courage where subversion and confrontation against the dehumanization they oftentimes encounter can also be observed. These IMDWs through their poems are seen as a countering narrative about Indonesian domestic workers, and the notion of writing back is then solidly founded
The Creative Legacy of the Great Russian Poet Boris Pasternak: Traditions and Innovation in His Poetic Works
Full text linkThis study examines the poems of Boris Pasternak, the famed Russian literary figure. It analyzes and compares the poet's works with those of his contemporaries and predecessors’. Some motifs, themes, images, and characteristic features of the stylistics and tropics of poetic creativity in Pasternak's lyrics were revealed, which signify the influence of traditions and innovation. By employing several literary criticism methods, namely those of close reading, a structuralist analysis, and biographical criticism, this study found that there is a wealth of themes both old and new in Pasternak’s poetry. These themes were mostly derived from past authors, which confirm the findings of Baróthy (2015), Han (2015), and Polivanova & Polivanov (2018). These themes were then reconstructed in Pasternak’s works in a way that signify these works as a celebration of the old and the welcoming of the new in the Russian literary tradition. This study has cemented Boris Pasternak’s role as a hub linking the old and the new generations in Russian literature.
AMBIVALENCE IN MOHAMMED KAMICI EL-HASSANI’S LE MOUCHOIR
Full text linkThe present study discusses the ambivalent behavior found in the character(s) in a francophone novel written by a third world writer. This ambivalence is represented by the attitude of the East that is against the colonialists on the one hand, but admires them and imitates their identities and attitudes on the other. This ambivalent discourse is widely represented in a francophone work entitled Le Mouchoir (1987) by Mohamed Kacimi El-Hassani. This novel satirically tells about Algeria in the post-colonial period and the narrator’s efforts to oppose colonialism. Textual citations and pieces of evidence from the novel that are used to support the analysis are those that are related to postcolonial and ambivalence issues. The analysis is also supported by historical evidence of French colonialists’ behavior towards indigenous Maghreb. The interpretation of the findings is supported by Homi Bhabha's ambivalence theory. Moreover, this study was conducted using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis methodology with which the textual analysis of the novel follows three levels of discourse, namely micro, meso, and macro levels. This study found that the hypocritical nature of the characters such as that demonstrated by the narrator and Mahfoud reflects the postcolonial nature of "ambivalence". This characteristic places Algerians in a "liminal space" of contestation between the narrator and Mahfoud and between Algeria and France
The Subordination of The Queen in the Narrative Lampahan Juměněngipun Nata Dewi Kancana Wungu, an Episode of Langěndriya Manuscript
Full text linkLampahan Juměněngipun Nata Dewi Kancana Wungu (LJNDKW) is a fragment of the legend of Damarwulan. It presents Kancana Wungu, a royal female figure who is represented in a more superordinate position than most of female characters in stories revolving around Javanese court life. The primary objectives of this study are: firstly, to explore the reason why this form of narrative becomes paradoxical and secondly, to find the meaning of it within its historical context. In order to achieve a more profound understanding of the narrative, a review of the positioning of women will be based on theories proposed by Sylvia Walby. By applying philological methods in collecting and providing readable narrative, this study then finds its interpretation of the narrative that “superordinate” position of the seemingly empowered queen is a form of segregation
LOVE AND SPIRITUALITY: THE ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL LAYLA BY CANDRA MALIK BASED ON JACQUES DERRIDA PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkThis research aims to describe the interpretation of love and spirituality text in the novel Layla by Candra Malik based on Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction analysis. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data source is the novel Layla by Candra Malik. It collects the data using reading, note-taking, and interpretation techniques. The research result shows us that (a) the dominant binary opposition is found, namely that true love is love directed to Allah SWT, and the secondary, namely that the search for the main character's love in this novel focuses on a woman who he thinks is an angel on earth, implying an understanding of love that hasn’t been digested in hearts and minds of today’s modern humans thoroughly, (b) the postponement of absolute truth based on results of binary opposition is a changing of position from dominant to secondary, and (c) the paradoxical meaning is found through postponement of absolute truth indirectly, namely sometimes love plagued by human beings is just imagination, without knowing the love that comes is an intermediary so that his love for Allah is greater than all other kinds of love
Providing Space to the Marginalized: Bertolt Brecht’s Reception of John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera
Full text linkThe popularity of John Gay’s political satire play The Beggar’s Opera in the English literary world prompted a German writer, Bertolt Brecht, to respond to the work. The purpose of this study is to describe Bertolt Brecht's reception of Gay’s Play The Beggar’s Opera in Brecht’s Play Die Dreigroschenoper. The data sources in this study are the text of Brecht’s play entitled Die Drei Groschenoper and the text of Gay’s play The Beggar's Opera. This research is based on the theory of Reception Aesthetics by Hans Robert Jauss. The results show that Brecht’s reception was influenced by his horizon of expectations, which plays a central role in determining a writer’s reception of a work of literature. Brecht’s horizon of expectations, which is related to his Marxist view, distinguishes Brecht’s play from that by Gay. Brecht’s intention to make a play that enlightens his audience made him present a more explicit depiction of marginalized people in Die Dreigroschenoper, which was performed in the form of epic theater (episches Theater). By providing space to the marginalized, Brecht aimed to criticize capitalism which began to grow in Germany after the country’s loss in the First World War and divided the German society into two classes, resulting in various social issues. Brecht’s criticisms are different from Gay’s criticisms in shedding some light on the moral degradation in England at the time