416 research outputs found
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Use of Oils for the Protection of Clay Mortars
Full text linkIn this study an effort has been made to find innovative and sustainable ways of increasing the hydrophobicity of clay-based mortars used in restoration by applying natural oils on the surface of selected samples. The concept was to find a new way of protecting the surface of these materials, but also to promote the idea of sustainability by using natural and recycled cooking oils. Thus, the oils applied for the surface protection of the mortars were hemp oil, borage oil (natural) and recycled spent cooking oil. The tests conducted on the treated specimens were, a capillary absorption test, drying test, porosity, Karsten tube test, stereoscopic observation, color alteration using Munsell charts, water vapor test and absorption of water droplet test. The results indicate the protective role of all the oils, since they reduce porosity and water uptake. Borage and hemp oil tend to alter the color of the specimens, but offer increased hydrophobicity, while the latter allowed the faster drying of the samples. The water vapor test indicates again the low level of water loss from the surface of the treated specimens, while for the specific test a sample with an admixture of recycled cooking oil inside the clay mass was created.Lo studio riguarda modi innovativi e sostenibili per aumentare l’idrofobicità delle malte a base di argilla utilizzate nel restauro, applicando oli naturali sulla superficie di campioni selezionati. Il fine è trovare un nuovo modo per proteggere la superficie di questi materiali, ma anche di promuovere l’idea di sostenibilità utilizzando oli da cucina naturali e riciclati. Pertanto, gli oli applicati per la protezione superficiale delle malte erano olio di canapa, olio di borragine (naturale) e olio di cottura esausto riciclato. I test condotti sui campioni trattati sono stati: test di assorbimento capillare, test di essiccazione, porosità, test del tubo di Karsten, osservazione stereoscopica, alterazione del colore con cartografia Munsell, test del vapore acqueo e assorbimento del test delle gocce d’acqua. I risultati indicano il ruolo protettivo di tutti gli oli poiché riducono la porosità e l’assorbimento di acqua. La borragine e l’olio di canapa tendono ad alterare il colore dei campioni ma offrono una maggiore idrofobicità. L’olio di canapa ha permesso l’essiccazione più rapida dei campioni. Il test del vapore acqueo indica nuovamente il basso livello di perdita d’acqua dalla superficie dei campioni trattati, mentre per il test specifico è stato creato un campione con una miscela di olio di cottura riciclato all’interno della massa argillosa
Architecture During the Epoch of Peter the Great (1703-1725)
Full text linkThe purpose of the study is to provide the historical truth about the role played by monarchs in the creation of St Petersburg in various historical periods. In this article, the specific period embraces the years 1703–1725. In addition, with the help of this article, the methodology for creating maximum cards as artefacts has been appro-bated and has been able to cover an extensive historical period. The relevance of this study is explained by the revival of interest in viewing historical architectural monuments as objects of social memory and gaining a visible and dynamic expression over time.The following research methods were used: information and data collection, which allowed the chronology of historical events to be reconstructed, the study of documents regarding the events associated with the erection of certain architectural objects; biographical research; methods of maximaphily, where the artefacts of the study are maximum cards created on the basis of the author's methodology.The results of the research contribute to the revitalization of a newly emerging extended social memory, which releases fresh vigour into the culture of the nation, thus contributing to increasing interest on the part of the popu-lation towards re-evaluating historical events.In founding St Petersburg, the Emperor Peter the Great created the outpost for Russia’s development towards European culture, so that the process of transformation he had started would continue into the future
Raman Identification of Pigments in Wall Paintings of the Colonial Period from Bolivian Churches in the Ruta De La Plata
Full text linkMicro-Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify pigments and determine the palette of color in wall paintings from four churches of the Colonial Period, in the Bolivian highlands. The ancient churches Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, NuestraSeñora de Copacabana de Andamarca and San José de Soracachi were constructed during the 17th and 18th centuries, around the important colonial Ruta de la Plata, between Potosí city and Arica harbor on the Pacific coast of South America. Most pigments used in the wall paintings correspond to inorganic minerals as well as to organic colorants. Fully chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (green), copper phthalocyanine (blue), β-naphthol (yellow) and benzoimidazolone (red), were identified in the corresponding colored areas suggesting subsequent recent interventions or restorations. Ground layer materials were also characterized. The present results allow for discussion of the pictorial techniques used in the Andean highland during the colonial period and allow conservators and restorers to make important decisions regarding the type of intervention to perform in the case of these important historical and patrimonial monuments
Interdisciplinary Studies in Cultural and Environmental Heritage: History, Protection, Valorization, Management
Full text linkAn overview of the various and numerous themes relating to cultural and environmental heritage gathered together in one article represents, at an international level, a rare peculiarity. As a result of the research and teaching activities carried out over the decades at the Universities of Rome, Tuscia (Viterbo) and Bologna, integrated with the fundamental relationship and involvement of the Cultural and Productive Units scattered throughout the territory, I was led to synthetically describing, insofar as was possible, the different problems that involve the various scientific areas of a historical, technical, economic, managerial nature, within the context of interdisciplinarity and in respect of the holistic value of cultural heritage.Una panoramica delle varie e numerose tematiche che si riferiscono al Patrimonio Culturale e Ambientale raccolte in uno stesso articolo rappresenta, a livello internazionale, una particolarità più unica che rara. Quale risultato dell’attività di ricerca e di insegnamento svolta nel corso di alcuni decenni presso le Università di Roma, Tuscia (Viterbo) e Bologna, integrata dal fondamentale rapporto e coinvolgimento delle Unità Culturali e Produttive presenti nel territorio, sono state trattate sinteticamente, per quanto possibile, le differenti problematiche che coinvolgono le varie aree scientifiche di carattere storico, tecnico, economico, manageriale nell’ambito della interdisciplinarità e nel rispetto del valore olistico del bene culturale
The museum setup in the Benedictine dormitory of Monreale: the artworks of Santa Maria del Bosco and the textile artefacts of the Cathedral, Sicily, Italy
Full text linkThe recent decision to convert the Benedictine Dormitory in Monreale into an exhibition site offers the opportunity to enjoy the whole monumental complex where the wonderful cloister is the core attraction. It is on this site that the Norman Cathedral stands, brightly decorated with golden mosaics. The new exhibition has gathered together the artworks from the ruined abbey of Santa Maria del Bosco in Calatamauro and added them to the artefacts already exhibited at the Diocesan Museum. They include marble gravestones from the 16th-17th century church and those dating to the 18th century; one stone is in polychrome marble of the family of the canons, Candes and Donato; another was used for the burial of the monks from the period of the Olivetan refoundation, characterized by the Order’s coat of arms and attributed to Girolamo Musca. There are also majolica tiles from the chapels in cornu evangelij (left side of the altar) adorned with large vegetal-shaped decorations, provided by Palermitan manufacturers in the mid-eighteenth century. They are found next to the remnants of the majolica tiles still in situ, executed in 1762 by the potters from Burgio, in Sicily. Rosario Rosso (also Russo) and Giuseppe Virgadamo. Also commissioned after the refoundation of the holy temple are the four artworks by the painter Ippolito Ferrante, three of which, Sacrificio di Isacco, Melchisedec and Giale e Sisar, are on exhibition in the prestigious museum. Alongside these artworks are noteworthy textile artefacts made between the second half of the 16th and second half of the 18th centuries some of which are linked to the munificent figures of archbishops such as Ludovico II Torres and Francesco Testa
Study of Materials and Techniques for the Conservation of Two Miniature Paintings
Full text linkThis research includes a study on the conservation of two miniature paintings produced by unknown artists and probably dated to the second half of the 18th century. These paintings are registered at the Museum of Helwan University, Faculty of Applied Arts, Giza, Egypt, No. (A) of 100/6.This research also includes a historical and artistic study of the paintings. To study the materials and techniques used in their execution, several methods were used. XRD, XRD-EDAX was used for the examination and analysis of inorganic materials; in the case of organic materials, FTIR, UV was used to identify the pigment materials, glue, varnish, isolation layer or condition of the paper support. The oil medium in the paint layer was identified by the GLC method. Cross sections of both paintings were examined to find out about the technical knowledge used in constructing the painting / pictorial layers.Finally, this research involves a study of how to separate two oil paintings executed on one paper support, and the most important procedures needed to carry out this step, as well as those necessary for reconstructing the painting layers. In addition, a new method is described to treat cracks.Another new method was used to protect the paper support of these paintings from high relative humidity. This research also proposes a new tear mending method for paper objects instead of the traditional methods used in international paper and manuscript conservation laboratories
The Academic Publication Service AlmaDL Journals and the New Challenges of Open Access
Full text linkAlmaDL Journals is an Open Access publishing service of the University of Bologna, Italy. After 5 years from the publication of the first paper in Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage about the service, we review the transformations and the growth it has experienced during this time span, with a look at the changes that have occurred in Open Access publishing that have driven and inspired the modifications adopted by AlmaDL Journals
Forensic Art History: the Ädel Painting Dispute 1839-1841
Full text linkThis article concerns a 19th century dispute about twenty pieces of decorated furniture painted by the 19th century painter Anders Erik Ädel (1809-1888) from Söderhamn, Hälsingland, Sweden. Ädel is considered to be one of the foremost painters in Hälsingland. His art works - painted furniture and interiors - are displayed in museums and can also be found in the Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland, UNESCO World Heritage. In 1839, Ädel accused his client, the farmer Erik Olofsson, in court of having paid too little for the objects he had painted as he had used more pigments than those for which he had been paid. Almost 180 years later scientific methods combined with historic source research were used to understand what pigments Ädel actually used. Through this study we demonstrate how multidisciplinary collaboration between sciences and humanities can contribute to deeper knowledge and new interpretations. The scientific analyses were preceded by analyses of the judicial protocols found. Non-invasive analyses using XRF instruments were conducted in situ, supplemented by other spectroscopic methods in the lab. The judicial protocols give an insight into what pigments Ädel had access to, and when combined with the scientific analyses, this information provides historic evidence of the artist's materials and painting technique
Elimination of Xylophages from Wood through Microwave Treatment: Microstructural Experiments
Full text linkSamples of chestnut wood taken from modern age structures in the Campania Region were subjected to chemical and physical analysis in order to examine the microstructural variations in the material as a result of exposure to microwaves with the aim of devitalising colonies of xylophages. Results showed that the use of microwaves does not lead to alterations in the structure of the wood, but does bring about variations in its hygroscopicity and permeability
