Agro Ekonomi
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Dampak Krisis Ekonomi Terhadap Kinerja Industri Susu Segar Dalam Negeri = The Impact of Economic Crisis Toword The Performence of Domestic Dairy Industry
No full textThe Indonesian Dairy Industry wa.s well developed until mid 1997, due to some government protective policies, such as credit far imported dam cattle. and domestic market security. (;orernment determined the Milk Ratio (the ratio between domestic fresh milk and imported milk) that should he satisfied/ by the multinational milk processors (IPS) to run their milk processing lactories. However, the domestic .fresh milk production was not sufficient to meet the raw material far their Jactories. Therefore, in 1996, about 67% of raw materials has w he imported, especially from Australia and New Zealand, At least there were m.o/actors resulting a high import of dairy product. First, the domestic dairy production capacity was limited: second the Indonesian dairy industry was considered as inefficient, so that the price of domesticfresh milk was claimed to be more expensive compared to imported milk. The economic crisis starting from mid 1997, resulting in a high price of imported dairy cattle and feed. On the other hand, this crisis also resulting in a significant increase in price of imported milk. Therefore, the demand for domestic fresh milk by IPS was significantly increased The observations in 6 milk cooperatives (in East and West Java) showed that since economic crisis, all fresh milk offered by all cooperatives to IPS was absorbed. Even IPS provided some incentives (higher price and bonus).* the farmers who have a better quality of milk. There was also price adjustment given by IPS from about Rp. 600 hr in 1996 97 to about Rp. 900 and then about Rp. 1100 ltr in 1998 99. However, the farmers was still complaining. because if they compare milk price to rice price, they recognize that before crisis I liter milk was equivalent to 0.6 kg rice, but after crisis 1 liter milk was equivalent to only 0.4 kg rice. The most important issue that should be anticipated is that "if exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar is increased, then imported milk will be cheaper, and IPS will tend to import milk rather than buying domestic fresh milk If this case is happening, it will be a nightmare to farmers who do dairy farm. Therefore, the development and transfer of the more efficient technology in dairy industry should be given a high priority
ANALISA RISIKO PILIHAN POLA TANAM =risk analysis of cropping system choice
No full textThe research aimed to find out the risk of cropping system choice, farmers preference and affecting factors of it. Research has been done by survey in Sabrang Wetan Hamlet, Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman Regency to 46 farmers who implemented cropping system during October 1999 to August 2000.The risk of cropping system choice level measured by coefficient of variation stochastic dominance analysis, and efficient frontier of cropping system choice by motad programming.The result showed that the risk level order of cropping system from highest was: paddy-chilly-string bean; paddy-chilly-green bean; paddy-string bean-green bean; paddy-string bean-string bean; and paddy-paddy-paddy. Stochastic dominance analysis showed paddy-chilly-string bean as the most dominance cropping system, this result in accordance with the reality which most respondent implemented this cropping. Motad programming model showed that paddy-chilly-string bean cropping system beside contribute maximum income also has highest level of risk
KEMISKINAN DI WILAYAH PEDESAAN NTB : STUDI KASUS WANITA PEMBUAT GARAM DI DUSUN MEDANG
No full textRole of women in development has been well-known. Women roles in rural area can be identified from their involvement in rural industries either agricultural home industries or other small-scale industries processing material taken from natural resources. One of such natural resource materials is sea water to be further processed as salts. Most of women in Medang Hamlet, Village of Sekotong Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province work as salt makers. Instead of drying salty water by using sunshine, the salt farmers in Medang Hamlet use wood in heating the salt water. The study finds that the income earned from this activity is considerably low. Since there is no other source of income alternative for the women in this hamlet, making salt becomes the only job that can be done. The consequence is that the villagers in this area are still live under poverty line
PENGEMBALIAN KREDIT DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PLASMA PR-TRANS KELAPA SAWIT : (Kasus di Kecamatan Tungkal Ulu Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Propinsi Jambi)
No full textThis research aimed to investigate the ability of farmers to return credits, the income of farmers and constraints to improve the performance of Pir-Trans Kelapa sawit. The research found that the farmers had enough abilities to return their credits. The abilities to return credit and the income of farmers varied among farmers group, depended on the age of crops. In average, the farmers could return their credit Rp 163,232/month. The average of farmer's income of palm oil crops was Rp 380.874/month gross or Rp 224.821/month net income. The minimum target of transmigran's income Rp 3.500.000/year in the 5th years could be reached by Pir-Trans Kelapa Sawit program. Four years after conversion, the farmers had Rp 418.596/month or Rp 5. 023.152/year net income of palm oil crops. The research suggested to increase the productivity of palm oil crops in order to utilized the full capacity of machin
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND ENVIROMENTAL STANDARS
No full textThis paper examines trade liberalization and environment nexus both on the theoretical ground and using empirical evidence. The results of the study reveal that there is lack of empirical evidence to conclude that industrial or capital flight is caused mainly by the implementation of lower environmental standards in host countries. Furthermore, it can be argued that the idea to impose uniform environmental standards is unfair, particularly for developing countrie
SUBAK, A TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATION OF PEASANT FARMERS IN BALI ( with a case of Leput Subak)
No full textSubak merupakan salah satu dari banyak kelompok sosial yang ada dalam masyarakat Bali. Agama Hindu yang dianut oleh hampir semua orang Bali sudah merupakan tradisi yang membudaya dan merupakan salah satu ciri khas orang Bali.Desa di Bali merupakan kesatuan sosial ekonomi yang berdasarkan wilayah diperkuat oleh adanya kesatuan adat dan upacara keagamaan yang keramat.Dad 73.375 ha sawah di Bali hampir semuanya (71.600 ha) merupakan sawah berpengairan pedesaan dengan sistim irigasi yang seInruhnya diselcnggarakan oleh petani. Suatu kesatuan irigasi kecil yang bersumber clad satu saluran atau satu sumber diurus oleh suatu organisasi adat subak yang seiain mengurusi pengairan juga mempunyai kegiatan yang meliputi pertanian, sosial ekonomi dan keagamaan.Subak sudah ada sejak beratus-ratus tahun yang lain sepanjang ingatan orang Bali. Diduga subak terbentuk karena adanya kepentingan bersama dari sekelompok petani akan kebutuhan air pengairan untuk pertanian dari suatu sumber air tertentu dan mereka berusaha memecahkan masalah mereka bersama secara gotong royong dan mufakat. Jadi nampak bahwa perkembangan subak tidak dapat dilepaskan dengan perkembangan pertanian small di Bali.Anggota subak adalah orang-orang yang ada hubungannya dengan sawah baik pemilik maupun penggarap non pemilik, meskipun ada perbedaan dalam hak dan kewajiban. Hak dan kewajiban anggota subak diatur dalam anggaran dasar subak atau awig-awig, meliputi hak-hak anggota suatu organisasi yang demokratis, seperti hak memilih, ha
PERANAN PEKARANGAN DALAM USAHA MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN NASIONAL RAKYAT
No full textPeranan pekarangan dalam usaha meningkatkan ketahanan nasional rakyat pedesaan
POLA UMUM PERTNAIAN DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PETANI DENGAN TANHA YANG SEMPIT
No full textPendahuluan1.Di dalam melaksanakan pembangunan, yang diarahkan untuk menciptakan masyarakat adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila, maka azas yang tercermin di da,- lam Trilogi Pembangunan, yang terdiri dari stabilitas nasional, pertumbuhan ekonomi danperataanhasil-hasil pembangunan, harus dapat terlaksana secara bersamadan seimbang.Disamping tetap berusaha mempertahankan stabilitas nasional seperti yang telah dicapai sampai sekarang dan tetap berusaha mempertinggi pertumbuhan ekonomi, maka Pemerintah berusaha dengan sekuat-tenaga untuk mengadakan perataan hasil-basilpembangunanbaik antar daerah maupun antar golongan masyarakat.Tugas tersebut merupakan tugas yang tidak mudah dan tidak dapat dicapai dalam waktu yang singkat.2.Perataan hasil-hasil pembangunan antar golongan masyarakat berarti member' kesempatandanmengikutsertakan golongan ekonomi lemah untuk secara aktif mengambil bagian di dalam pembangunan, agar dengan demikian mereka dapat memperoleh bagian dari hasil pembangunan dimana mereka turut serta melakukanny
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TERNAK KERJA PADA PENGELOLAAN TANAH SAWAH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI PAID DI GALUR
No full textPendahuluanMenyadari akan pentingnya padi sebagai bahan makanan utama. maka dalam Pelita III yang iidak lama lagi akan dilaksanakan, titik berat Pembang-unan Pertanian adalah swasembada pangan karbohidrat non terigu, terutama padi (bergs).Berbagai usaha yang dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi, bila tanpa menyadari akan pentingnya pengolahan tanah hanyalah merupakan usaha yang sia-sia. Dengan demikian adalah sangat tepat, bahwa dalam intensifikasi usaha tani padi, pengolahan tanah termasuk salah satu dari lima usaha dalam "Panca Usaha Tani".Pengolahan tanah pada pola eko-system sawah, tidak lain adalah untuk menciptakan keadaan sifat fisik tanah yang baik, yakni lapisan oleh tanah ( ± 20 - 30 cm) yang berstruktur lumpur, adanya lapisan kedap air, lapisan oksidasi dan reduksi yang nyata. Pada keadaan lapisan olah tanah yang demikian akan terjadi proses peningkatan kesuburan kimia dan kesuburan biologi yang baik, berkurangnya kecepatan kehilangan air, keadaan suhu dan kandungan 02 yang cukup serta proses humifikasi dan mineralisasi yang sempurna. Dengan perkataan lain dapatlah kiranya diungkapkan sebagai eko-system tanah yang sesuai dengan tuntutan pertumbuhan tanaman path sawah.Daiam usaha menciptakan lapisan olah tanah seperti dikatakan di atas, jelas menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan tanah sawah relatif memerlukan tenaga yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tenaga yang diperlukan untuk mengolah tanah kering (darat). Sedangkan di lain pihak menunjukkan, bahwa usaha tani padi pada suatu hamparan/lokasi haru
Sensitivitas Produksi Padi Terhadap Perubahan Iklim Di Indonesia Tahun 1974-2015
Get PDFThe occurrence of climate change disrupts the productivity of paddy in Indonesia. Disruption of the paddy’s production has an impact on the availability of foodstuffs, considering paddy as staple food Indonesia society. This study aims to analyze the impact of climate change on productivity of paddy in the central acreage of paddy in period 1974-2015 by using four different climate variables. The data used are secondary data collected from Agency of Central for Statistics (BPS), Ministry of Agriculture, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Estimation method using data panels with Random Effect models (REM). The results showed the productivity of paddy in Indonesia are more sensitive to changes in rainfall and maximum temperature (Tmax) compared to the average temperature (Tave) and the minimum temperature (Tmin). Increased rainfall and Tmax positively impact the productivity of paddy until a specific turning point, then after that point will give the opposite impact. As for the turning point for the precipitation of 10,177 Inc./year, while Tmax on 31,35 °C. Simple simulation results demonstrate the increase in rainfall in the upper turning point of 1 % will reduce the productivity of paddy amounted 0,00796 % ceteris peribus. While the maximum temperature rise above the turning point of 1 % will reduce the productivity of paddy as much as 0,09039% ceteris peribus