Agro Ekonomi
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DAMP AI( HAMBATAN NON-TARIF TERHADAP PERMINT AAN EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA KE UNI EROPA
No full textThis research was aimed to determine theforms of the non-tarifbarrier and its impact to the Indonesian shrimp export demand to the European Union (EU), beside the other factors as constructor of demand function. This research used secondary data (lime series) during 23 years (1984-2006): shrimp export volume (Qd), shrimp export price (Px), domestic shrimp price (Pd), crab export price (Pk), exchange rate from the importing countries, and commerce regulations which is peiformed by EU as dummy variables. The data collected from DKP, BPS, Depdag, internet, and other relevant institutions. Peculiarly, the dummy variable grouped into 6 groups: RASFF (DI), contaminant (D2), certain substances & residues (D3), health conditions & food hVf!iene rules (D4), HCCP (D5), and marketinf! standards (D6).This research used the multiple regression analysis model, with the tolerant time (!gg) I year from tfor several dummy variables. Analysis were conducted at 6 markets: UE as a whole, Dutch, United Kingdom (UK), French, Germany, and Belgia and Luxemburg. Testing of the classical assumptions conducted by the econometric criterions is covering the economic and statistic criterions. The estimation of the regression parameters conducted by the smallest square method (ordinarv least SQuare. OLS) and model repaired as the effect of existence of the first order autocorrelation by a comand "auto". The equation model related to the Coob-Douglas model, was transformed into the natural logarithm model in order to easiZv analyzed in package program of statistics.Result of the analysis indicated that the commerce regulations applied by the EU, which its vary to each state, entirely has the negative impact to the Indonesian shrimp export to the UE, except D4 for the UK that shown the positive impact. Several regulations known newly indicated the effect which itsformed into Jgg or its impact is newly felt I year after the regulations enter into force. Thefact strengthen the assumption that applying of commerce regulations by the UE can be the disguised restriction to trade, in this case included to the non tarifbarrier. The sixth groups of the regulationswere very related to the food security and traceability aspect, or in its bearing with the WTO agreements were very related to the SPS and TBT aspect. This invention also strengthen the assumption that non-tarif barrier which newly developed by the advanced countries to control the importation from the other countries were deal with the food security and traceability aspect, or the SPS and TBT aspect. The quantitative non- tarif barrier, example import quota or embargo, were rarer in used. Ap-parently, the EU doesn't wishtoooutspokenin theeffort to control its commerce with the other countries.Realizedor not, in thepresentnon-tarif barrier haveimportantposition to determinewhetheror not thefluent of theinternational trad
Major Issues And Challenges For Improving The Marketing And Distribution Of Agricultural Products
No full textAgribisnis masih merupakan sektor ekonomi yang peming di banyak negara mempunvai kontribusi yang hesar dalam PDB, penyerapan tenaga kerja clan penerimaan devisa ekspor.Sebagai basil globalisasi ekonomi dan liberalisasi pasar. pelt:ring pasar komoditas pertanian akan lehih hesar bagi produk yang kompetitif. twerp' menciptakan pesaing yang semakin banyak, dan semakin tinggi sfendar kualitas yang diminta. Pemasaran dan distribrai merupakan salah sant masalah kompleks. Oleh sebab itu pemerintah dan para pengusaha perlu mencari memperhaiki sistim pemasaran dan Astern di.strilm.si yang handal untuk meningkaikan daya saing.Tantangan dimasa depan yang dihadapi para pengusaha adalah : menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas super. pasar yang dinamis. .jaringern distribusi pemasaran yang handal, pengembangan produk, promosi. pa.sokan yang kontinu, perrelitian pasar, clan sistem informers! pasar. Sedangkan masalah mum dalam agrihisnis adalah: hambatan-hambatan perdagangan nnernasional, ketersediaan kredit, suku bunga yang tinggi, flukwasi nilai mkar, kebilaksanzzan perdagangan, pajak ekspor, pajak impor Kahan baku, praktek-prakiek hirokrasi, hiaya transpor yang tinggi, ketersediaan bahan-bahan baku dengan kualitas yang bark dan pasokan yang kontinu, kekurangan sarana penunjang, dan kekurangan manajer professional.Dalam kehijaka» perdagangan, penghapusan terhadap semua hambatemhambatan ekspor sepern pajak ekspor untuk produk pertanian dan tarif impor yang tinggi untuk input yang digunakan bagi sektor agribisnis sangat mendesak. Pramosi perdagangan lebih pro-aktif, penyederhanaan hambatan-hambatan hirokrasi untuk masuknya investasi asing akin membantu agribisnis. Disamping itu, kebijakan elan program-program perlu ditekankan untuk menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif, mendorong usaha agribisnis skala kecil, memperkzrat sumberdaya dan kelembagaan pezdukung di wilayah perdesaan, menyiapkan infrastruktur investasi yang diperlukan, pelayanan publik yang lebih balk, dan menyediakan pelatihan pemasaran bagi para pengusaha agribisnis.Pada perspektif mikro, upaya-upaya difokuskan kepada : a) intelijen pemasaran mengenai informasi strategis termasuir dampak perjanjian pertanian di WTO, Standar produk, bea masuk rum& produk ekspor, dan review tentang hambatan non- tarif; b) infrastruktur; c) penguatan lembaga pemasaran; d) peningkalan produktivitas; e) pengembangan kemitraan antara perusahaan besar dengan para petani; f) pengembangan sumberdaya manusia. Beberapa hal tersebut di alas harus dikerjakan oleh pemerimah, dan lainnya diserahkatt untuk dapat diiangani oleh sektor swast
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN TELUR BERDASARKAN JENIS DAN STRATA PENDAPATAN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
No full textThis research wanted to know the consumer behavior in demand of egg as source of animal protein in South Kalimantan. In particular, this research aimed to identify and to know the price elasticity, cross elasticity and income elasticity at low, middle and high income groups, which were divided into the rural and urban areas and also were divided into egg of layer, "buras" and duck.The data that was used in this research was SUSENAS data 1996, with 1698 surveyed households. The analysis used TOBIT model or the censored regression model. TOBIT model is a regression model that was used to estimate the qualitative difference between limit observation (zero) and non-limit observation (continuous).The result also showed that generally, the characteristic of demand of egg based on SUSENAS data 1996 in South Kalimantan was in-elastic except on demand of egg at low income stratum in rural area and on demand of egg of "buras", where the both of them were elastic. In accordance with SUSENAS data 1996, for South Kalimantan society, egg was normal good since all estimations showed that income elasticity was higher than zero and smaller than on
PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI YANG BERDASARKAN DEMOKRASI EKONOMI
No full text1.PendahuluanDalam kesempatan ini akan disajikan sebuah uraian yang menjelaskan pembangunan ekonomi yang berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi. Dalam Ketetapan MPR No. IV/MPR/1978 Bab III ditegaskan bahwa pembangunan ekonomi merupakan titik berat pembangunan jangka panjang, yang dilaksanakan bangsa Indonesia dalam perjoangan dan pembangunan nasionalnya. Di dalam UUD-45 pasal 33 telah digariskan ketentuanketentuan yang menguraikan makna demokrasi ekonomi. Yang perlu diuraikan lebih lanjut adalah penerapan demokrasi ekonomi itu dalam arah, langkah-langkah dan kebijaksanaan pembangunan ekonomi.Uraian tentang pembangunan dapat mencakup lingkup yang luas serta cakrawala pelaksanaannya yang berbeda-beda jangkauannya. Untuk dapat menyajikan uraian yang bermakna, analitis dan operasional, dalam kesempatan ini hanya akan diulas pembangunan ekonomi yang menjangkau cakrawala yang dicakup dalam Pola Umum Pembangunan Jangka Panjang, seperti dimuat dalam Bab III Ketetapan MPR No. IV/MPR/ 1978. Kecuali itu, dalam uraian ini, hanya diulas penerapan demokrasi ekonomi dalam arah dan langkah-langkah pembangunan yang strategis dan konsepsional. Penjabarannya lebih lanjut perlu dirumuskan secara lebih terperinci dalam Pola Umum Pelita, maupun dalam Repelita itu sendir
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI DAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PERMINTAAN TELUR AYAM BERLABEL DI KAWASAN YOGYAKARTA
No full textThe objective of this research were to analyze the relationships between demographic characteristic ( age and family members) and other factors on demand for labeled eggs. The respondents are consumers who consumed labeled eggs and consisted of 50 labelled eggs consumer who are selected by incidental sampling. The effect of demographic characteristics and other factors were analyzed by using multiple linear regression model. The result indicates that consumption of labeled eggs influenced positively by consumer motivation, consume income and number of family members and influenced negatively by price of labeled eggs
PENENTUAN KOMODITAS UNGGULAN PERTANIAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR
No full textThe objectives of this study are (!) to know the leading subsector in agricultural sector (2) to identify potential commodities in each agricultural subsectors in East Ogan Komering Ulu District (3) to determine pattern of subsectors and leading commodities of agricultural sector in Ogan Ulu Timur District. Time series date are used in this study namely PDRB data based on current price (2007-2011) and agricultura; commodities harvested area during range time years (2008-2012)The result of analysis that food-stuff crop subsector and of plantation crop subsector represent is leading agricultural subsector in PKU Timur District. Leading agricultural commodities are cucumber, spinach, swamp, cabbage, banana, chayote, chili dan paddy. Leading plasntations crops are pepper, cocoa, kapok, rubber, and coconuts hybrid.Growth patterns of leading subsectors and commodity in agricultural sectors in Ogan Komering Ulu Timur District consist of Plantation and and forestry subsector as grow fast subsector. While crops subsector foodcrops subsector includes advanced but depressed, while Animal Husbandry and Fisheries includes subsector lagging behid. Some of leading commodities such as foodscrops subsector consisting of corn, spinach, banana and sapodilla os a commodity advance and grow fast; while rice, sweet potatos eggplant, cucumber, squash, duku, mango, jackfruit, rambutan and barking is a grow fast commodity; whereas peanuts, soybeans, kale, durian, and mangosteen is advance but depressed commodity; cassava, green beans, string beans, chili is great, cayenne, pepper, tomato, avocado and starfruit are commodities lagging behind. The leading commodities crops such as rubber and pepper plantations are advanced and grow fast commodity ; while coconut, cocoa, cotton and sgar included grow fast commodity; while palm oil is a commodity advance but depressed; for coffee and hazelnut included commodities lagging behind
PERMINTAAN GULA RAFINASI PADA INDUSTRI MAKANAN MINUMAN DAN FARMASI DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe demand of food, beverage and pharmacuetical industries’ products directly affected the demand of refined sugar. In Indonesia, refined sugar are fullfilled by local products from 11 refined sugar mills and imported products. The volume of imported refined sugar are suspected over capacity, so that there is a excess supply of refined sugar that leak into plantation white sugar market. It caused an unstable condition for plantation white sugar price. This research aims to determine the demand of refined sugar for food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries, then to forecast the demand for the next 10 years and also to determine the correlation between the volume of imported refined sugar and the white plantation sugar price. The method used is a multiple linear regression analysis, simple linear corellation analysis and trend analysis. This research used national data of large and medium industries from 1991 to 2012. The result shows that the factors affected refined sugar demand for food and pharmaceutical industries are world refined sugar prices, exchange rate, sugar beet prices and tariff. The factors affected refined sugar demand for beverage industries are sugar beet prices and tariff. The tendency of refined sugar demand in food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries for the next 10 years is increasing. There is also a positive correlation between volume of imported refined sugar and plantation white sugar prices for consumer
ANALISIS EFISIENSI ALOKATIF FAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSI SORGUM DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Get PDFThis research aims to (1) determine the factors that influence the sorghum production in Gunungkidul District; (2) determine theallocative efficiency of sorghum production factors in Gunungkidul District. Number of respondents were 30 farmers chosen by purposive sampling. Analysis tools used in this research were the Cobb-Douglass Production Function and Allocative Efficiency Analysis. The result showed that the inputs such as land, seeds and organicfertilizerpositive affected to production of sorghum in Gunungkidul District. Result ofAllocative Efficiency analysis showedthat allocation ofland, seeds and organicfertilizer have not been efficient insorghum’sfarming in Gunungkidul District
Profitabilitas dan efisiensi usahatani jagung (Kasus di Desa Kadipaten Kecamatan Kadipaten Kabupaten Tasikmalaya)
No full textThe increase in demand of corn exceeds the increase in its production in Indonesia resulting on increasing rate of annual import. It opens the opportunity for farmers to increase production either through intensification or area expansion (extensification).A research conducted in Kadipaten Village, Kecamatan Kadipaten Kabupaten Tasikmalaya aimed to find out: (1) farmer's benefit from corn farming, (2) value of domestic cost ratio of corn farming, and (3) value changes of the domestic cost ratio of corn farming resulted from the changes of input costs, fertilizer and labor wages.A survey method was used on corn farming offarmer group of Wargi Saluyu in the Kadipaten Village. 28 sample farmers are taken randomly from 187 farmers. The data were then analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) by elaborating the domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR).The results.showed that:( 1 )Corn farming carried out by farmer group of Wargi Saluyu in the Kadipaten Village, based both on market and social prices was beneficial. It was indicated with the benefit value greater than zero. The benefit from one hectare land area in one production period at the market price was Rp 682,433 or Rp 136 per kilogram and at social price was Rp 2,666,080 or Rp 532 per kilogram.(2)The domestic resource cost ratio was less than one, 0.46, it mean that one unit increase of value added needs 0.46 unit of domestic cost, and indicated that the corn farming run by the group farmer was efficient.(3)The changes of output prices, labor wages, and fertilizer cost by 15 percent showed that the corn farming had a high stability, indicated with the DRCR value remained less than one. The simultaneous decrease and increase of output prices, the increase of labor wages and fertilizer price by 15 percent suggested that the corn farming was economically efficient
THE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE VARIETIES IN SOME AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS OF EAST JAVA
No full textJagung merupakan tanaman pangan penting kedua setelah padi. Sekitar 64 % jagung diusahakan di Jawa dan memberikan sumbangan kira-kira 68 % terhadap produksi jagung nasional. Produktivitas jagung di Jawa Timur relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata produktivitas nasional. Hal itu terutama karena penggunaan jenis jagung hibrida yang meluas di Jawa Timur. Meskipun demikian mayoritas petani khususnya di lahan kering dan lahan tadah hujan, mcngeluh tentang tingginya harga input dan rendahnya harga jual jagung. Petani di lahan kering dan tadah hujan kurang akses terhadap pasar, karena mereka jauh dari industri benih, pakan dan makanan olahan. Studi ini bertujuan menelaah penggunaan varietas jagung dan tingkat profitabilitasnya di beberapa agroekosistem di Jawa Timur. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: (i) Jagung umumnya ditanam di lahan kering dan sebagian di lahan tadah hujan pada musim hujan, sedangkan pada musim kemarau, jagung diusahakan di sawah tadah hujan dan irigasi; (ii) jagung lokal khususnya diusahakan pada lahan kering dan tadah hujan, jagung hibrida ditanam di sawah irigasi dan sebagian kecil di sawah tadah hujan, sedangkan jagung turunan hibrida ditanam pada lahan tadah hujan-, (iii) penanaman jagung lokal umumnya ditujukan untuk konsumsi manusia, sedangkan jagung hibrida dan turunan hibrida untuk dijual dan (iv) tingkat produktivitas dan keuntungan paling tinggi diperoleh dari jagung hibrida murni yang ditanam di sawah irigasi. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi petani dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi jagung adalah (a) rendahnya harga jual jagung selama musim panen; (b) tingginya harga input; (c) kurangnya promosi dari jagung komposit dan hibrida yang dihasilkan oleh pusat penelitian pemerintah, menyebabkan tingginya harga benih jagung dan (d) kurangnya modal usaha. Untuk mendorong petani dalam meningkatkan produksi jagung, pemerintah harus menyediakan subsidi benih yang layak. Pemerintah juga hams mendorong terjalinnya kerjasama saling menguntungkan antara pusat penelitian pemerintah dengan perusahaan swasta dalam hal pemuliaan jagung dan mempromosikan varietas jagung unggul baru yang dihasilkan dari kerjasama tersebut. Dengan demikian, diharapkan benih cukup tersedia dengan harga yang terjangkau. Upaha Iainnya adalah pemerintah Indonesia harus membatasi impor jagung dengan menerapkan tarif yang signifikan, mendorong pihak swasta untuk melakukan investasi dalam pabrik pakan yang dekat dengan sentra produksi jagung, mendirikan Bank Rakyat atau Bank Pertanian dimana para petani dapat akses langsung, dengan prosedur administrasi yang sederhana