Agro Ekonomi
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ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN KONTRIBUSI INDUSTRI KERAJINAN BAMBU PADA DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui besarnya nilai tambah bambu pada berbagai jenis produk kerajinan bambu serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, (2) mengetahui kontribusi industri kerajinan bambu (IKB) pada distribusi pendapatan masyarakat, dan (3) memformulasikan strategi pengembangan IKB di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 40. Analisis nilai tambah menggunakan metode Hayami menunjukkan pengolahan bambu menjadi produk besek, gedek aten, serta meja dan kursi bambu masing-masing nilai tambahnya sebesar Rp 12.935,47/batang, Rp 9.945,07/batang, dan Rp 35.326,29/batang. Jumlah output tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tambah sedangkan harga bahan baku berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap nilai tambah. Analisis indeks Gini menunjukkan adanya pemerataan pada distribusi pendapatan masyarakat di semua kecamatan. Hasil analisis SWOT dan matriks IFAS-EFAS menunjukkan IKB di Kabupaten Sleman berada di kuadran I dengan faktor peluang lebih besar dari kekuatan internal, artinya kekuatan internal yang dimiliki masih kurang untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada. Dengan demikian, nilai tambah paling tinggi ada pada meja dan kursi bambu. Harga bahan baku berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tambah bambu. Pendapatan dari usaha IKB mampu memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga pengrajin yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan indeks Gini di semua kecamatan. Strategi pengembangan usaha IKB di Kabupaten Sleman yang dapat dilakukan: peningkatan kualitas dan diversifikasi produk, perluasan jaringan distribusi pemasaran, memanfaatkan fasilitas pinjaman modal untuk pengembangan usaha, meningkatkan promosi di dalam dan luar negeri, pengembangan sistem kelembagaan dan kemitraan usaha, serta meningkatkan ketersediaan bambu lokal
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI TEBU TANAM DAN KEPRASAN DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Get PDFThis study aimeds to determine (1) factors affecting sugarcane production (2) factors affecting the sugarcane income (3) the risk ofsugarcane production and income (4) contribution of sugarcane farm-income to farmer households’ income (5) income distribution among farmer households (6) the level of farmer households’ welfare in Bantul District. The basic method of this research was descriptive analytical, sample was chosen purposively. Number of respondent was 30 sugarcane farmers. Analytical tools were the Cobb-Douglas production function and Unit Output Price (UOP) profit function. The result showed that (1) factors that positively influencing to the sugarcane production were land acreage, sugarcane seedlings, ZA fertilizer, pesticides, cultivating labor, harvesting labor and cropping method (2) factor that positively influencing to the sugarcane income was land acreage. Income factor that had negatively influence to the sugarcane income were sugarcane seedling’s price and cultivating labor’s wage (3) production risk of second ratoon sugarcane was the highest among other sugarcane planting systems. Income risk of second ratoon sugarcane was the highest among other sugarcane planting system (4) contribution of sugarcane income to the farm household income was the majority (5) sugarcane income could improve farm household’s income distribution (6) sugarcane farm-households was classified as a prosperous household.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI BERAS PADATINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
No full textThe objectives of the study were (1) to determine thefactors influencing rice consumption in urban and rural areas of Yogyakarta Special Province and (2) to determine the own price, cross price and income elasticity of rice consumption at different income levels in rural and urban areas. National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data of 2005 Yogyakarta Special Province on rice consumption was used Totalrespondents 1990 households. Regression model used in the analysis was OLS. The result showed that thefactors that influence the consumption of rice are the price of the rice itself, price of the related household goods, income level, education of the mother, number offamily members, and location. Thefactors that individually influence rice consumption vary by kinds of rice, location, and income level. Therefore, the demand of rice in DIY is inelastic, the change of price did not significantly influence rice demand. Generally, rice is normal good at low income household level in the rural and urban areas andfor middle income in the rural, and in middle income and high income in the urban, rice is a inferior good. In other side, rice is Substituted for cassava and sweet potato. Rice is complementary for catfish, fermented soybean cake, cassava, egg, and tofu.Keywords: rice consumption, elasticity, substitution, complementary
ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHT ANGGA PERTANIAN DI LAHAN MARJINAL
No full textMost of farmers in Indonesia, especially in marginal land. are small scale farmers with limited resources. These limitations have caused low level of technology application, thus low productivity and low income. To meet their household consumption. they have to find other job for additional income earning. This study is aimed to: (1) to assess the model offarming system, (2) to evaluate the variability of household's income, (3) to assess the contribution of on-farm, off-farm and non-farm incomes on the total household's income, and (4) to assess the degree of relationship between household characteristic and job variability. The study was conducted in three marginal land, namely: rain-fed in WestJava, dry-land in Bali, and swampy land in WestKalimantan. The results showed thatfarmers in rain-fed of WestJava and swampy land of WestKalimantan were doing partial farming, whilefarmers in dryland of Bali were doing integrated farming system. Farmers in these three agroecosystem were diversified in sources of income. On-farm was the highest source of household's income,followed by non-farm and off-farm. However, there is no significant correlation betweenjob diversification and level ofhousehold's income. It might be that thejob diversification was mainly done by small farmers whose on-farm income alone could not meet their household's consumption. Meanwhile, largefarmers did lessjob. Hence, at the end their household's income was not significantly different. The high contribution of agricultural sector on household's income indicated its high role on rural economy. Therefore, this sector should be developed in an integrated development, includedfarming system development,partnership betweenfarmers and private sector, gro-industrial development, and infrastructure development. It is expected that these integrated development will create marketfor agricultural products, job opportunity for rural people, and finally will improve household's income and welfare
BANK CREDIT, CREDIT RISKAND FARM PRODUCE
No full textThe research investigates the determinants and impact of bank credit on output in the food crops and fisheries sub sectors; whether or not there is a significant difference in the risk on bank credit and output in the two sub sectors, and whether or not there is a relationship between risk obtaining in the two sub sectors. The results indicate the positive and significant influence of bank credit on food crops output, but a positive and insignificant influence on fisheries output, which unequivocally vindicates government intervention in credit disbursement to agriculture. The influence of banking deregulation on bank credit supply is shown to differ between the two sub sectors, for while it registers expected positive sign in the fisheries sub sector, it produces negative and insignificant influence in the food crops sub sector. Bank reserve requirements has a negative influence on bank credit extended to the fisheries sub sector, while it induces a positive and significant influence in the food crops sub sector. The 1997 economic crisis causes an autonomous contraction of bank credit to the food crops sub sector, but accentuates it in the fisheries sub sector. The food crops and fisheries sub sectors register significant influence of rate of interest rate on bank credit on bank credit supply. Obstacles to credit disbursement to the two sub sectors are presented, followed by policy implications deemed necessary to improve the credit situation in the agricultural sector
Keberadaan Industri Gula di Jawa dan Dukungan Sistem Usahatani Tebu Sebagai Bahan Baku Industri Sesudah Perubahan KebijakanPergulaan Tahun 1998 =The Existence Of Sugar Industry In Java And The Support Of Sugarcane Supply
No full textPolicies change in 1998 influenced Java sugar industry's existence because there was no more obligation to plant sugarcane. This study aims to identify (1) existing sugarcane procurement by the industry, (2) the profitability, in private as well as social prices, of sugarcane farming system as the industry's supplier, and (3) sensitivity analysis on relevant sugar dynamics.The study was conducted on five industry samples spread over Java. The primary data for profitability analysis covered 300 units originated from 185 farmers and 115 industry's plantation units in a proportional spreading.The finding exhibits three alternatives of procurement: (1) partnership with farmers based on minimum return on land, (2) partnership with farmers as the industry provides assistance, and (3) purchasing sugar from free farmers. Using data in 2002, only two samples were financially profitable,-those were east part and west part of Java, while the only region gained social profit was the east part. In spite of that, if social price of sugar using relevant foreign production costs instead of CIE Java has its comparativeadvantage. Sensitivity analysis resulted in Java will achieve financial profit if sugar price rises by 10 percent, or productivity rises by 15 percent, or tariff of 50 percent imposes
Analysis of Maize Production Efficiency In River Basin
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi jimgsi produhifrontier stokastik dolam produhi jagung di DAS Brantas don menyajikan distribusi petani menurut efisiensi tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rataan ejisiensi teknis produhi jagung adolah 74%. Dari satu sisi, ini berarti bahwa peluang untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung masih terbuka. Tetapi dori sisi yang lain, karena petani telah menggunakan kapasi/as managerial yang cukup linggi untuk mencapai tingkal efisiensi tersebul, maka peningkalan kapasilas managerial tersebur menjadi lebih sulil lanpa perbaikan teknologi yang nyala. Hasil eSlimasi menunjukkan bahwa pupuk tidok berpengaruh terhadap produhi. Oleh karena itu perbaikan teknohJgi yang segera dapat dilakukan adalah perimbangan jumlah pupuk yang digunakan berdasarkan verifikasi lokal yang sebaiknya segera dilahanakan di seluruh DAS tersebut
The Rationality Of Economic Forecasts: The Cases Of Rubber, Oil Palm, Forestry And Mining Sector
No full textForecasts of economic variables is very important for planning and policy making purposes. Forecasts is an important input in decision making processes because obtaining reliable forecasts of some relevant macroeconomic variables is necessary for efficient management of funds, time and resources.Business has always recognised the need for a view of the future and has used explicit forecasts in the design and execution of their economic andJor business policies. For example, a firm trying to decide upon its investment programme will have to take into account not only the current known set of circumstances but also the unknown economic and business conditions in the future. The firm has to form a view about the future, such as the likely sales, costs, prices, competitors' reactions, labour requirements, government regulations and so on. These views about the future values of economic variables are frequently referred to as 'expectations', that is, what the firm expects to happen in the future.In recent years the performances of many microeconomics and macroeconomics series have been erratic. For example, rate of inflation, price of crude oil, prices of primary commodities, rate of interest and other pertinent economic variables have been fluctuating widely and have caused concern among the public, politicians, economists and also the businessmen. According to Mayes (l 981), with such non-uniformity of economic variables observed in the last two decades, the role of expectations has become more relevant in the economic agents' decision making process. Mayes (1981) further states that under the present conditions it has become more important to consider what expectations actually are and how they are formed.The value of economic forecasts of certain macroeconomic variables can be derived from several methods. The three main methods for deriving economic forecasts are (i) time series, (ii) econometric models, and (iii) survey of intentions of concerned agents and organizations. Time seriesanalysis and econometric modeling are the two most widely used methods in economic forecasting, but Holden and Peel (1983) had noted their drawbacks. Recently, economists have turned their direction of interest in evaluating the rationality of economic forecasts from surveys of market participants. The empirical literature on the direct tests of the rational expectations hypothesis is vast and growing. Holden et al. (1985), Lovell (1986), Wallis (1989), Maddala (1991) and Pesaran (1991) had reviewed some of these studies. The aim was to determine whether survey data on economic forecasts are accurate in the Muth's (1961) sense, that is, whether participating economic agents used all available information at the time forecasts are made. in other words, the rational expectations hypothesis of the economic forecast was put to test. In general, the empirical studies do not support the rational expectations hypothesis.Most of the studies carried out to evaluate the rationality of business firms' forecasts of economic variables were conducted on developed nations. Madsen (1993) studies the formation of output expectations in manufacturing industry in Japan, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. He found that the rational expectations hypothesis was weakly rejected. Williams (1988) and Chazelas (1988) found investment forecasts biased predictors of the actual investment value for firms in the United Kingdom and France. Meganck et a!. (1988) have concluded that investment forecasts of the manufacturing firm in Belgium were unbiased predictors of the actual values. However. Daub (1982) failed to find any rationality of the Canadian capital investment intention survey data. On the other hand. a study by Leonard (1982) on employment forecasts by the United States services sectors found that the forecasts were biased and the rationality of these employment forecasts rejected.The purpose of this paper is to present some empirical evidence on the rationality of agricultural firm managers' expectations using survey data. This study is important because it adds to the current literature on the testing of rationality of survey data, in particular, it provides empirical evidence from the perspective of a developing country. As for the country under study, the finding of the study could establish whether the forecasts documented by such survey are accurate or not; and if not, ways to produce more accurate forecasts must be found. 'Rationality' in this paper means that managers in agricultural firms have unbiased expectations and efficiently utilised available information at the time the forecasts are made
Pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional
No full textThe problem on food security in Indonesia began to be interested since the economic crisis as one component of the social security net. Sustainable food security covers: availability of food, accessibility, utilization, stability, self reliance (autonomy) and sustainability. . Hirarchically food security can be at global order, regional, national, local, household and individual. The higher order offbod security is a necessary condition but not sufficient condition for the lower order.Economic theory indicate that there are gains to be made from free trade. increase the efficiency ufresource allocation, and increase welfare of all countries. However, all government, without exception, intervene to varying degrees in the working of natural market prces, with the reason the need to protect infant industry, to ensure food security, to redistribute income, and to enhance income of small producers.The liberalization initiatives culminated in UR agreement and WTO, among others, dismantling of quantitative restriction and subsidies as well as other nontariff barriers, but there were several new thing of antidumping tariff, sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade,environment, and genetically modified organism.The impact of trade liberalization on exporter countries, in general, would benefit the producers, decrease the consumer surplus, and increase social welfare except large populated as India and China. The impact of importer countries depend on the policy of each country. Malaysia and Indonesia by decreasing import tariff policy would increase consumer surplus and social welfare but sacrificing the producers/farmers.National food policies consist of international trade policy domestic price policy, and policy on production efficiency. The international trade policy means to protect producers, consumers, and social welfare from the uncertainty of international market especially in the long run. The stabilization of domestic price policy needs inter department coordination and STE to implement. Protection could result inefficiency but it is needed for commodities those are not ready to compete and to protect from unfair trade, to protect farmers and long run food security
Farm credit, farm credit default rate, and farm performamce: the indonesian case
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dart; intervensi pemerinrah dalam penyaluran kredit terhadap kinerja sektor pertani'an. Dengan menggunakan kredit program di Indonesia sebagai studi kasus, analisis dampak kredit usahatani terhadap hasil pertanian dilakukan, dan menentukan beberapa fakror yang mempengaruhi tingkat tunggakannya. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak penyuluhan terhadap kinerja kredit usahatani.Hasil menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif antara tingkar kredit usahatani yang disalurkan dan hasil pertanian. Namun, biaya yang harus ditanggung dart keberhasilan tersebut berupa tunggakan yang tinggi, yang berdampak negatif terhadap hasil pertanian. Hubungan yang menggembirakan adalah adanya dampak yang negatif antara tingkat penyuluhan (agricultural extension service) dan tunggakan kredit usahatani.Penyaluran kredit usahatani dilakukan melalui beberapa mekanisme yang berdampak pada distorsi pasar kredit, yang berakibat pada menurunnya kinerja sektor finansial secara keseluruhan. Walaupun demikian dilihat dart pentingnya produksi padi dalam perekonzian Indonesia, biaya yang harus ditanggung masyarakat berupa biaya tunggakan yang tinggi dan distorsi pasar input dan output, merupakan necessary evil yang harus diterima. Hashl jugs menunjukkan bahwa meningkatkan tingkat penyuluhan merupakan suatu keharusan untuk perbaikan kinerja kredit program