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Kerentanan Ketersedian Air Bersih dan Penyakit Akibat Perubahan Iklim dan Strategi Adaptasi
Get PDF Climate change is characterized by a prolonged dry season, which has an effect on decreasing water availability. Before a drought strikes, the community needs to make a self-defense effort by adapting to conditions. This research was aimed to determine the vulnerability of clean water and diseases due to climate change and adaptation strategy efforts. This research was conducted with a quantitative positivistic-deductive approach. The unit of research analysis is the community in mountainous and coastal areas. The location of the study is in the South Solok Regency for the mountainous regions and the City of Padang representing the coastal area of West Sumatra Province. Samples were taken by means of multistage cluster random sampling. The level of vulnerability was analyzed descriptively against the dimensions of adaptive capacity, sensitivity and exposure. The results showed that the adaptive capacity index of coastal communities was 2.6 (low class) and mountainous area was 4.6 (high class). The sensitivity index in coastal areas is 9.2 (low class) and mountainous areas 10.4 (slightly higher class). The exposure index for coastal areas is 9.2 (vulnerable classes) and mountainous regions is 3.6 (non-vulnerable classes). The prevalence of diarrheal disease tends to be high in mountainous communities (13.3%) and malaria is more likely to occur in coastal communities (28.9%). Vulnerability index is a positive function of outcrop and sensitivity as well as a negative function of adaptability. The index of clean water and disease vulnerability due to climate change in coastal areas is 15.9 (slightly high class) and mountainous areas 3.6 (low class). The adaptation strategy of coastal communities in facing water crisis is to use the economic dimension. Whereas in the mountainous area is to use the social dimension.Keywords: vulnerability, clean water, diseases, strategy      ABSTRAK  Perubahan iklim ditandai dengan musim kemarau berkepanjangan, sehingga berpengaruh pada penurunan ketersediaan air. Sebelum terjadi bencana kekeringan, masyarakat perlu melakukan usaha pertahanan diri dengan cara adaptasi terhadap perubahan kondisi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kerentanan air bersih dan penyakit akibat perubahan iklim serta upaya strategi adaptasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif positivistik-deduktif. Unit analisis penelitian adalah masyarakat di daerah pegunungan dan pantai. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Kabupaten Solok Selatan untuk daerah pegunungan dan Kota Padang mewakili daerah pantai Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sampel diambil dengan cara multistage cluster random sampling. Tingkat kerentanan dianalisis secara deskriptif terhadap dimensi kapasitas adaptif, sensitivitas dan paparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Indeks kapasitas adaptif masyarakat daerah pantai sebesar 2,6 (kelas rendah) dan daerah pegunungan sebesar 4,6 (kelas agak tinggi). Indeks sensitivitas di daerah pantai sebesar 9,2 (kelas rendah) dan daerah pegunungan 10,4 (kelas agak tinggi). Indeks paparan daerah pantai sebesar 9,2 (kelas rentan) dan daerah pegunungan sebesar 3,6 (kelas tidak rentan). Prevalensi penyakit diare cendrung pada masyarakat pegunungan (13,3%) dan penyakit malaria lebih cendrung pada masyarakat Pantai (28,9%). Indeks kerentanan merupakan fungsi positif dari singkapan dan kepekaan serta fungsi negatif dari kemampuan adaptasi. Indeks kerentanan air bersih dan penyakit akibat perubahan iklim pada daerah pantai sebesar 15,9 (kelas agak tinggi) dan daerah pegunungan 3,6 (kelas rendah). Strategi adaptasi masyarakat daerah pantai dalam menghadapi krisis air adalah dengan menggunakan dimensi ekonomi. Sedangkan pada daerah pegunungan adalah menggunakan dimensi sosial.Kata kunci: kerentanan , air bersih ,penyakit dan strategi                                         Â
Apakah Pendidikan Lingkungan Merupakan Faktor Utama Pembentuk Perilaku Lingkungan pada Masyarakat di Negara Berkembang?
Get PDFEnvironmental education in developed countries is currently being intensively developed to increase the environmental awareness of the community in order to achieve sustainable development. But for developing countries like Indonesia, is environmental education the most urgent thing to do first to improve the successful implementation of environmental management system? This paper presents an analysis of social aspects related to the environmental behavior of a society, which is about the importance of the "environmental education" factor for people in developing countries in general, in Indonesia specifically. In addition, other factors that form the environmental behavior of the community and their relationships with one another are also discussed. The topic chosen to represent environmental behavior in this paper is the community's environmental awareness for the waste management system in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) (which consists of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)) to investigate the environmental behavior of the community represented by 609 respondents living in the Padang city. The results of the study show that environmental education factor is ranked 3rd out of 8 determinants of the formation of environmental behavior in society, namely after the factors of "government role" and "law enforcement". This research is expected to be able to provide information to various stakeholders where providing environmental education to the community has not been able to effectively change the environmental behavior of the community if the government's role in making a good environmental management system and strong law enforcement have not been carried out
ANALISIS BEBAN EMISI KENDARAAN DI GERBANG MASUK JALAN-JALAN ARTERI KE KOTA JAMBI
Get PDFThe City of Jambi has three entering gateways for people from other places to get in using arterial roads. Two roads link Jambi City with South Sumatera, West Sumatera and also Riau Provinces, and one another connects to West Tanjung Jabung and East Tanjung Jabung Regencies. Many vehicles, starting from individual cars and motor cyclesuntil HDV with more dimensions such as trailer truck, have increased air pollution and would generate effect to human health. The research aimed to estimate the load emission from mobile sources on those gateways using Mobilev 3.0 software, and converted the results using Microsoft Excel for advance analysis. Data input came from the number of vehicles from General Sudirman Street, West Ring Road, Surya Dharma Street, South Ring Road, East Ring Road, and Yos Sudarso Street which was enumerated by direct observation using traffic counting method. The results showed that the highest emission (ton/year) to CO and HC was from General Sudirman Street and for CO2, NOx, PM10, and soot was from South Ring Road. The total average daily traffic (ADT) was 435,684.30 units of vehicles per 24 hours, which the biggest was in General Sudirman Street with 114,451.30 units of vehicles per 24 hours. Through this research, both the emission load and also the traffic load situation in each road could be described and became the important information on road transportation management related to ambient air pollution and greenhouse gases controlling
Penentuan Prioritas Rehabilitasi Perkerasan Lentur untuk Efisiensi Penambangan Material di Kendari
Get PDFPavement with poor performance results in lower speeds resulting in increased pollution and vehicle maintenance costs. The number of roads are not proportional to the allocation of funds for maintaining and managing the road network. According to its characteristics, the performance of the road network would be decreased that indicated by pavement deterioration. This study aims to predict the rate of performance degradation, to know the optimal time of treatment segment/road segment and to determine the priority of treatment. Delayed pavement treatment will likely require more material, which will result in the exploitation of rock mines. This study covers a detailed performance assessment using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, it was done three times with 4 and 3 month time interval. This study was conducted on five streets in Kendari City with varios Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) and existing conditions. From the result of PCI value, regression analysis was used since it was suitable with performance decreation characteristic to find out the relationship of PCI value and the time. Treatment strategy are arranged based on critical PCI method. The treatment costs were calculated by using the Bina Marga unit price analysis which was then projected to be the penalty cost. Priority of treatment were calculated by Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. From regression analysis obtained pavement with excellent rating gave longer time prediction than the lower rating. The treatment strategy divides five streets into 11 segments. From SAW analysis, obtained priority sequence of rehabilitation implementation for the first year: Boulevard street segment-1, Supu-Yusuf street segment-2, Supu-Yusuf segment-1, Balaikota-1 street; for the second year: Boulevard segment-2, Abunawas segment-2; Supu-Yusuf street segment-3, and third year: Boulevard segment-3, Buburanda segment-2, Buburanda street segment-1.Keywords: pavement, PCI, decreation rate, rehabilitationABSTRAKKinerja perkerasan yang buruk menyebabkan rendahnya kecepatan yang berakibat pada meningkatnya polusi dan biaya perawatan kendaraan. Namun jumlah jalan tidak sebanding dengan alokasi dana untuk memelihara dan mengelola jaringan jalan. Menurut karakteristik, kinerja jaringan jalan akan menurun yang ditunjukkan oleh kemunduran perkerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi laju penurunan kinerja, untuk mengetahui waktu optimal segmen perawatan / segmen jalan dan untuk menentukan prioritas perawatan. Perawatan perkerasan yang tertunda cenderung akan membutuhkan material lebih banyak, yang akan mengakibatkan ekploitasi tambang batuan. Penelitian ini mencakup penilaian kinerja rinci menggunakan metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI), dilakukan tiga kali dengan interval waktu 4 dan 3 bulan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lima jalan di Kota Kendari dengan varios Lalu Lintas Harian Rata-Rata Tahunan (AADT) dan kondisi yang ada. Dari hasil nilai PCI, analisis regresi digunakan karena sesuai dengan karakteristik penurunan kinerja untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai PCI dan waktu. Strategi perawatan disusun berdasarkan metode PCI kritis. Biaya perawatan dihitung dengan menggunakan analisis harga unit Bina Marga yang kemudian diproyeksikan menjadi biaya penalti. Prioritas perawatan dihitung dengan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Dari analisis regresi diperoleh perkerasan dengan peringkat sangat baik memberikan prediksi waktu yang lebih lama daripada peringkat yang lebih rendah. Strategi perawatan membagi lima jalan menjadi 11 segmen. Dari analisis SAW, diperoleh urutan prioritas pelaksanaan rehabilitasi untuk tahun I: jalan Boulevard segmen-1, jalan Supu-Yusuf segmen-2, Supu-Yusuf segmen-1, jalan Balaikota-1; untuk tahun II: Boulevard segmen-2, Abunawas segmen-2; Jalan Supu-Yusuf ruas-3, dan tahun ketiga: Boulevard ruas-3, Buburanda ruas-2, Ruas jalan Buburanda-1.Kata kunci: Trotoar, PCI, Tingkat Penurunan, Rehabilitasi Â
Meningkatkan Kinerja Unit Komposter Dalam Memproduksi Kompos Organik Cair
Get PDFBackground: Domestic waste is a side product of human activities in the fullfill of daily needs. Organic waste is the most number of waste produced by the household with 60-70% of quantity. And It increases time to time and becomes a big burden for the goverment to manage. Community participation is very expected in handling It’s organic waste. It is needed an appropriate technology wich is implemented by community easily. The author had ever done action research using a technology in producing organic liquid compost from domestic waste, but It had low performance in producing both liquid compost and slow process. Based on this research result, It is very important to create new inovation to increase the performance of composter unit. So, this research aimed to increase the performance of composter unit in producing organic liquid compost from domestic waste.Method: It was an experimental research using pra-experimental design. One unit of composter which was modified on outlet size was used during the research running. To increase the speed in producing liquid compost, It was modified by increasing consentration and volume of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) solusion twice in dosering as stater the process. Observation of the process was done to gain information qualitatively on performance canges of composter unit. The data would be analyzed descriptively to illustrate the process canging  and product over the research running.Result: The resarch result showed that modification on outlet size can increase the operational performance of composter unit. The 0,5 inchi of outlet size can increase the performance of composter unit in releasing liquid compost. So, It can improve the outlet performance compared to previous research. Consentration 10% and 20 times spray of EM4 solution can increase the speed and voluve of liquid compost produced by composter unit. The production of liquid compost increase rapidly on the second month after the process running. The liquid compost production is harvested every three days periodically. The liquid compost produced is one liter per day in average. Conclusion: This research concluded that modification on both outlet size and consentration and volume of EM4 as starter can increase the performance of composter unit in producing organic liquid compost
Analisis Timbulan, Komposisi dan Potensi Daur Ulang Sampah Di Kampus Politeknik ATI Padang
Get PDF The purpose of this research is to analyze the generation, composition, and potential of waste recycling at the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang with the number of samples and sampling method determined based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The average waste generation on the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is 0.0076 kg/o/h for unit weight or 0.0922 l/o/h for unit volume. Based on the source, waste generation of administrative facilities 0.1456 l/o/h, classroom 0.0106 l/o/h, ukm facilities 0.0865 l/o/h, library facilities 0.0898 l/o/h, lecturer’s room 0.1971 l/o/h, canteen 0.1442 l/o/h, laboratory 0,1204 l/o/h, worship facilities 0,0353 l/o/h, and yard/garden 0,0847 l/m2/h. The composition of garbage on the campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is dominated by dry waste 63,40 %, which consists of paper waste 26,49 %, plastic 28,24 %, textile 0,08 %, rubber 0.40 %, glass 0,38 %, metal 0,05 %, cans 0,95 % , and etc 6,81% and wet garbage 36,60 % consisting of food waste 13,32 %, waste page 23,07 % and wood 0,21 %. Potentially recycled waste components are paper waste 60,41 %, plastic 94,85 %, glass 57,50 %, 100 % garbage can, 100 % yard waste, and food waste 82,80%. The average potential of recycling garbage on campus of Polytechnic ATI Padang is 74,39 % consisting of recycling potential of dry waste 52.05% and recycling potential of wet waste 22.34 %.Keywords : waste generation, garbage composition, waste recycling potential, Polytechnic ATI Padang     ABSTRAK  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pembangkitan, komposisi, dan potensi daur ulang limbah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang dengan jumlah sampel dan metode pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Rata-rata timbulan sampah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang adalah 0,0076 kg / o / jam untuk satuan berat atau 0,0922 l / o / jam untuk volume unit. Berdasarkan sumbernya, timbulan limbah fasilitas administrasi 0,1456 l / o / jam, ruang kelas 0,0106 l / o / jam, fasilitas ukm 0,0865 l / o / jam, fasilitas perpustakaan 0,0898 l / o / jam, ruang dosen 0,1971 l / o / jam h, kantin 0,1442 l / o / h, laboratorium 0,1204 l / o / jam, fasilitas ibadah 0,0353 l / o / jam, dan halaman / taman 0,0847 l / m2 / jam. Komposisi sampah di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang didominasi oleh sampah kering 63,40%, yang terdiri dari limbah kertas 26,49%, plastik 28,24%, tekstil 0,08%, karet 0,40%, kaca 0,40%, gelas 0, 38%, logam 0,05%, kaleng 0,95%, dan lain-lain 6,81% dan sampah basah 36,60% terdiri dari limbah makanan 13,32%, limbah halaman 23,07% dan kayu 0,21%. Komponen limbah yang berpotensi didaur ulang adalah limbah kertas 60,41%, plastik 94,85%, gelas 57,50%, tong sampah 100%, limbah halaman 100%, dan limbah makanan 82,80%. Potensi rata-rata sampah daur ulang di kampus Politeknik ATI Padang adalah 74,39% yang terdiri dari potensi daur ulang limbah kering 52,05% dan potensi daur ulang limbah basah 22,34%. Kata Kunci: timbulan sampah, komposisi sampah, potensi daur ulang, Politeknik ATI PadangÂ
Gambaran Kepadatan Tungau Debu Rumah Spesies Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus dan Dermatophagoides farinae di Kelurahan Jati Kecamatan Padang Timur Kota Padang
Get PDFHouse dust mite is closely associated with the incidence of allergies such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Spesies of house dust mite which has been proven to be related with the incidence of allergies are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. The purpose of this study is to describe the density of house dust mites species in residence houses in Kelurahan Jati. The study was a descriptive study with 96 samples taken from two habitats, namely beds and carpets in 48 homes that have been selected randomly. House dust mites were identified using a light microscope with magnification of 40 times. The results showed that 56 of 96 samples were positive of house dust mites. This study showed that Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most commonly found spesies of house dust mite (71 mites) with the highest density in the bed (6.88 mites/ gram of dust). Species Dermatophagoides farinae only found as many as 5 mites with the highest density in the carpet (0.46 mites/ gram of dust). The conclusion of this research is the density of house dust mites in Kelurahan Jati are quite low so that the possibility to cause allergic diseases is very small
Characterization and Removal of Dissolved Organic Matter in River Water Through Preoxidation-Coagulation Process
Get PDFDissolved organic matter (DOM), which is part of of natural organic matter or NOM, contained of carbon compound and can cause problems related to taste, odor, and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in water and treated water. Permanganate is strong oxidant and have been know its efficiency in oxidazing organic compound. Coagulation is most widely used in all water treatment plant due to its efficiency in removing suspended solid. The objectives of this study is to characterize and to remove natural organic matter in term of  DOM in water through KMnO4 preoxidation, Al2(SO4)3 or FeCl3 coagulation, KMnO4 preoxidation followed by Al2(SO4)3 or FeCl3 coagulation. Raw water, which was taken from Jagir River in Surabaya, and treated water were measured quantitatively by using total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet at wavelength 254 nm (UV254) in order to know its aromatic properties. In addition, fourier transfor m infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional group of DOM in water and treated water. The results showed that raw water has high TOC concentration (6,9 mg/L) and mainly composed of aromatic (UV254 0.075 cm-1). The optimum result showed that TOC concentration and UV254 removed significantly into 4,2 mg/L and 0,0020 cm-1, respectively after preoxidation followed by FeCl3 coagulation. According to FTIR analysis, mostly single bond carbon such as C-O and C-H still exist in treated water. This results indicated that preoxidation-coagulation has a better performance than preoxidation only and coagulation only
Kajian Pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah di Rumah Sakit
Get PDFRisk management is a process of knowing, analyzing, and controlling risks of every activity in product and, service sectors. The aims are the process runs effectively and efficiently. One of the ISO studies on risk management has been guided in ISO 31000. This ISO provides a standard framework with the title "Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines on Implementation". Based on the sources in the Ministry of Health in 2016, there are 2,488 hospitals spread throughout Indonesia. However, only 10.29% of hospitals have ability to control the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) properly. The purposes of this research are determining risk priority of Wastewater Treatment Installation and prioritizing risk evaluation of WWTP at Ibnu Sina hospital, Padang. In this research, fuzzy AHP method was used. The questionnaire was validated by environmental department which monitors hospitals’ waste. After ranking the priority risk, Risk Breakdown Structure method was then being used to evaluate the risk that has potentiallty in waste water processing.The result from the fuzzy AHP are five risks, the main priority risk is the pipe with sub risk of liquid waste stuck with value of 0,0779. The second risk is septictank with excess nitrification sub risk with value of 0,0713. The third risk is the sampit with subcritical liquid waste spilled with value of 0,0642. The fourth risk is the lack quality of human resources with the weight value of 0,0590 and the fifth risk is the blower with the condition is not feasible to use with the weight value of 0,0548
Analisis Risiko Karsinogenik Paparan PM10 Terhadap Pedagang di Kelurahan Pasar Jambi
Get PDFParticulate Matter 10 (PM10) is small particles with generally 10 μm  diameters. These particles can be inhaled and induce respiratory system disorders, such as breathlessness, lung cancer and even death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the carcinogenic level of health risks that were caused by PM10 exposure to vendors in Pasar Jambi. This study used observational research with Environmental Health Risk Assessment approach. The element of carcinogenic level in PM10 included Pb and Ni. Primary data of this study were vendors characteristics, Pb concentration and Ni concentration. The number of samples used was 95 people. The results showed that the average concentration of Pb and Ni at Pasar Jambi were 27.938x10-3 µg/m3 and 2.574x10-3 µg/m3. The average realtime intake of Pb and Ni were 7.015x10-7 mg/kg/day and 5.477x10-8 mg/kg/day. The average lifetime intake of Pb and Ni were 2.073x10-6 mg/kg/day and 1.619x10-7 mg/kg/day. Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) for Pb exposure to all samples was ≤10-6, as well as for Ni exposure. In conclusion, carcinogenic risk for vendors in Pasar Jambi was uncertain  and the carcinogenic level of health risk mostly safe for realtime and lifetime.Keywords :  PM10, Carcinogenic, Risk Assessment, Health      ABSTRAK  Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) adalah partikel kecil yang umumnya berdiameter ≤ 10 μm. Partikel-partikel ini dapat dihirup dan menyebabkan gangguan sistem pernapasan, seperti sesak napas, kanker paru-paru dan bahkan kematian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko kesehatan karsinogenik yang disebabkan oleh paparan PM10 terhadap pedagang di Pasar Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Analisis  Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Unsur tingkat karsinogenik dalam PM10 adalah Pb dan Ni. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 95 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata Pb dan Ni di Pasar Jambi adalah 27,938x10-3 μg/m3 dan 2,574x10-3μg/m3. Asupan Pb dan Ni rata-rata realtime adalah 7,015x10-7mg/kg/hari dan 5,477x10-8 mg/kg/hari. Asupan Pb dan Ni rata-rata seumur hidup adalah 2,073x10-6 mg/kg/hari dan 1,619x10-7mg/kg/ hari. Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) untuk paparan Pb dan Ni untuk semua sampel adalah ≤10-6. Kesimpulannya, risiko karsinogenik bagi pedagang di Pasar Jambi masih aman dan belum berdampak karsinogenik.Kata Kunci : PM10, Karsinogenik, Analisis Risiko, KesehatanÂ