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Analisis Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Extended Producer Responsibility Sampah Elektronik di Indonesia
Full text linkVolume sampah elektronik (e-waste) yang terus meningkat di Indonesia telah memperkuat urgensi penerapan kerangka Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Namun, keberhasilan kebijakan tersebut bergantung pada kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta memprioritaskan faktor-faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen yang mempengaruhi penerapan EPR terhadap sampah elektronik di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process (ANP), yaitu suatu metode pengambilan keputusan multikriteria yang mampu menganalisis saling keterkaitan di antara faktor-faktor kompleks. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan kuesioner terstruktur yang melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan dari unsur pemerintah, produsen, akademisi, serta masyarakat sipil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen administratif merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam mendukung penerapan EPR yang efektif (bobot: 0,368), diikuti oleh instrumen ekonomi (bobot: 0,362) dan instrumen informasi (bobot: 0,271). Di dalam masing-masing kategori tersebut, sistem pengumpulan sampah elektronik (bobot: 0,387), subsidi pengembangan produk (0,278), dan kegiatan sosialisasi kepada produsen (bobot: 0,332) muncul sebagai subkriteria utama. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini menyoroti peran penting Producer Responsibility Organizations /PRO (bobot: 0,343) dalam mengkoordinasikan para pemangku kepentingan serta memastikan kepatuhan terhadap kebijakan. Berdasarkan hasil prioritas tersebut, artikel ini mengusulkan arah kebijakan bagi Indonesia yang mengintegrasikan reformasi regulasi, mekanisme pembiayaan berkelanjutan, dan keterlibatan strategis para pemangku kepentingan. Temuan ini memberikan panduan yang dapat ditindaklanjuti bagi para pembuat kebijakan dalam mengembangkan sistem EPR yang tangguh dan inklusif untuk menghadapi dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh sampah elektroni
Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Pemanfaatan Sekam Padi sebagai Briket Biomassa
Full text linkThe potential of biomass energy in Indonesia has not been optimally utilized as a sustainable renewable energy alternative, while the use of biomass without processing has the potential to cause environmental impacts. One form of biomass processing that has potential is the production of briquettes using agricultural waste, including rice husks, which have generally only been burned. This study aims to analyze rice husk production and the environmental economic feasibility of its use as biomass briquettes. The methods used include field observations, interviews, and environmental economic feasibility analysis. The results of data collection show that Sumber Agung Village, Suoh District, West Lampung Regency produces 2.5 tons of rice husks per week from 10 rice mills that have been operating for 2–35 years. The feasibility analysis shows a net present value (NPV) of IDR 739,672,991.96, an interest rate of return (IRR) of 10.73%, and a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.09, indicating that the utilization of rice husks into briquettes is feasible. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for consideration in determining the form of sustainable utilization of agricultural waste, particularly rice husks
Analisis Dan Rekayasa Kebisingan Akibat Aktivitas Alat Transportasi Kereta Api Pada Permukiman (Studi Kasus: Jalur Kereta Api Stasiun Alai-Air Tawar)
Full text linkDomestic wastewater management on university campuses is a crucial aspect of supporting sustainable development. As a center of academic and non-academic activities, Universitas Andalas produces a significant volume of domestic wastewater from the daily activities of its 31,549 academic community members as of 2023. One of its key facilities is the Shared Lecture Building complex, consisting of 10 buildings (A–J), which applies a separated wastewater management system: greywater from floor drains and washbasins is discharged directly into the nearest drainage, while blackwater from toilets is channeled into septic tanks. Currently, Universitas Andalas lacks comprehensive data and planning related to its Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD), despite Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 requiring domestic wastewater to be safely treated before discharge into water bodies. This study aims to evaluate and provide recommendations for an effective and efficient SPALD, specifically for the Shared Lecture Buildings. The method used involves field observations to collect data on the existing conditions. The results show that of the 19 septic tanks observed, 36.84% did not meet vent pipe requirements, 21.05% did not follow the appropriate desludging interval, and 42.11% lacked inspection openings. Furthermore, the effluent from these septic tanks is directly discharged into drainage channels without further treatment, posing a risk of contamination to surrounding water bodies and groundwater. This study is expected to serve as a basis for improving septic tank systems in accordance with SNI 2398:2017, so that wastewater management at Universitas Andalas can operate more optimally and sustainably.
Keyword: domestic wastewater; blackwater; greywater; SPALD; Universitas Andala
Analisis Data Variabel Iklim Mikro Dengan Menggunakan Statistik Deskriptif (Studi Kasus Pemukiman Kelurahan Kampung Lapai Kecamatan Naggalo Padang)
Full text linkUrban areas are vulnerable to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The analysis of microclimate parameters is one of the important steps to understanding environmental dynamics on a local scale. This study aims to analyze microclimate parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, heat intensity of sunlight, and rain intensity measured for 5 (five) consecutive days. The analysis carried out was a descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis of the concentration of variable temperature and high sunlight intensity data resulted in urban heat islands in residential areas because the roofs used were zinc. Zinc could absorb heat, increasing the temperature during the day if it is not raining. The sun's intensity began to peak from 09.00 WIB to 12.00 WIB. The occurrence of rain can reduce the temperature and intensity of sunlight and increase humidity so that there are no urban heat islands in residential areas that can affect thermal comfort. Other microclimate variables, such as wind speed and rainfall, do not have an impact because wind speed is relatively slow and rainfall is moderate. The analysis of the data spread seen from the standard deviation shows that the data tends to be homogeneous. Large data ranges occurred at the variables of temperature, humidity, and sunlight intensity, showing significant variations. Wind speed and precipitation have a small range, indicating the weather's stability at the observation site at the time of measurement. The average population estimated to have a confidence level of 95% is almost the same as the average sample, indicating that the data obtained is close to the actual condition.Wilayah perkotaan rentan terhadap fenomena urban heat island (UHI). Analisis parameter iklim mikro merupakan salah satu langkah penting untuk memahami dinamika lingkungan di skala lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis parameter iklim mikro seperti temperatur, kelembapan, kecepatan angin, intensitas panas cahaya matahari dan intensitas hujan yang diukur selama 5 (lima) hari berturut-turut. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Analisis pemusatan data variabel suhu dan intensitas cahaya matahari yang tinggi mengakibatkan terjadinya urban heat island di daerah pemukiman karena atap yang digunakan berjenis seng. Seng memiliki kemampuan menyerap panas sehingga meningkatkan suhu pada saat siang hari jika kondisi tidak hujan. Intensitas matahari mulai mencapai puncaknya mulai pukul 09.00WIB hingga pukul 12.00 WIB. Terjadinya hujan dapat menurunkan suhu, intensitas cahaya matahari dan meningkatkan kelembapan sehingga tidak terjadi urban heat island di daerah pemukiman yang dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal. Variabel iklim mikro lainnya seperti kecepatan angin dan curah hujan tidak memberikan dampak karena kecepatan angin tergolong lambat dan curah hujan tergolong sedang. Analisis penyebaran data yang dilihat dari standar deviasi menunjukkan data cendrung homogen. Rentang data yang besar terjadi pada variabel suhu, kelembapan dan intensitas cahaya matahari menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan. Kecepatan angin dan curah hujan memiliki rentang yang kecil dan ini mengindikasikan stabilitas cuaca di lokasi pengamatan pada saat pengukuran. Rata-rata populasi yang diestimasi dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% nilainya hampir sama dengan rata-rata sampel sehingga menunjukkan bahwa data yang diperoleh mendekati kondisi sebenarnya. 
The Pengaruh Penambahan Sekam Padi Pada Pembuatan Pelet Biomassa Eceng Gondok Menggunakan Metode TOSS: Pengaruh Penambahan Sekam Padi Pada Pembuatan Pelet Biomassa Eceng Gondok Menggunakan Metode TOSS
No full textABSTRACT
The Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya (TOSS) method can be an alternative to reduce biomass waste such as water hyacinth. The TOSS method converts water hyacinth waste into biomass pellets through three stages: shredding process, biodrying process, and pelletization process. Water hyacinth waste has a low calorific value so it is necessary to add other materials with higher calorific values such as rice husks. This research was conducted using TOSS method, incorporating AR124 bioactivator in biodrying process and the addition of rice husk during the pelletization process. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the biodrying process of water hyacinth waste using AR124 bioactivator through measurements of moisture content, temperature, shrinkage, odor, and duration of the biodrying process. In addition, the study also analyzed and evaluated the quality of water hyacinth biomass pellets without and with the addition of rice husk based on proximate analysis and calorific value according to the quality standards of SNI 8966: 2021 about Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) for Power Plants. The 10-day biodrying process showed a moisture content of 20.1%, pH 7.0, shrinkage of 3 cm, highest temperature of 29°C on the first day, and no odor since day 5. Variations in the ratio between water hyacinth and rice husk, namely D (1:0), A1 (1:1), A2 (1:2), and A3 (1:3), were tested in triplicate. The results showed that all variations met the quality standards in accordance with SNI 8966:2021. A3 was the best variation with a moisture content of 3.11%, ash content of 17.83%, fixed carbon of 16.68%, volatile substances of 62.39%, and calorific value of 16.92 MJ/kg (4,041 kcal/kg). The addition of rice husk is proven to increase the calorific value of biomass pellets from standard class 3 to class 2 according to SNI 8966:2021.
Keyword: bioactivator AR124, biomass pellets, rice husks, teknologi olah sampah di sumbernya (TOSS), water hyacinthABSTRAK
Pengolahan sampah menggunakan metode Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumbernya (TOSS) dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengurangi limbah biomassa seperti eceng gondok. Metode TOSS mengonversi limbah eceng gondok menjadi pelet biomassa melalui tiga tahapan yaitu proses pencacahan, proses biodrying, dan proses peletisasi. Limbah eceng gondok memiliki nilai kalor yang rendah sehingga diperlukan penambahan bahan lain dengan nilai kalor yang lebih tinggi seperti sekam padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode TOSS dengan menggunakan bioaktivator AR124 pada proses biodrying dan penambahan sekam padi pada proses peletisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi proses biodrying limbah eceng gondok menggunakan bioaktivator AR124 melalui pengukuran kadar air, suhu, penyusutan, bau, serta durasi proses biodrying. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganalisis dan mengevaluasi kualitas pelet biomassa eceng gondok tanpa dan dengan penambahan sekam padi berdasarkan analisis proksimat dan nilai kalor sesuai baku mutu SNI 8966:2021 tentang Bahan Bakar Jumputan Padat. Proses biodrying selama 10 hari menunjukkan kadar air 20,1%, pH 7,0, penyusutan 3 cm, suhu tertinggi 29°C pada hari pertama, dan tidak berbau sejak hari ke-5. Variasi perbandingan antara eceng gondok dan sekam padi, yaitu D (1:0), A1 (1:1), A2 (1:2), dan A3 (1:3), pengujian pada penelitian dilakukan secara triplo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi penelitian memenuhi baku mutu sesuai dengan SNI 8966:2021. Variasi A3 merupakan variasi terbaik dengan kadar air 3,11%, kadar abu 17,83%, karbon tetap 16,68%, zat mudah menguap 62,39%, dan nilai kalor 16,92 MJ/kg (4.041 kkal/kg). Penambahan sekam padi terbukti meningkatkan nilai kalor pelet biomassa dari standar kelas 3 menjadi kelas 2 sesuai SNI 8966:2021.
Kata Kunci: bioaktivator AR124, eceng gondok, pelet biomassa, sekam padi, teknologi olah sampah di sumbernya (TOSS)
 
Assessing Carbon Carrying Capacity of Forest Ecosystem: A Case Study in West Sumatera Province
Full text linkAll attempts have been taken by majority nations to reduce and invent the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, but none of them provide any quantitative framework to assess ecosystem capacity for carrying carbon. To measure ecosystem boundaries to offset carbon and how far the emission has exceeded beyond them, this paper aims to calculate the carbon carrying capacity and evaluate its availability to sequester CO2 emission in a certain area. Considering forests, the major carbon reservoir to be the key ecosystem and taking West Sumatera Province in Indonesia as the case study, the Carbon Carrying Capacity (CCC) assessment is conducted with ecological footprint concept through carbon capacity surplus-deficit. The results show the forest CCC was fluctuated which were the highest 3.9 million ton in 2016 and the lowest 2.4 million ton in 2019, and primary mangrove land cover was the biggest carbon sequesters for 114 ton C/ha every year. The forest CCC was dominantly deficit which interpreted as limited and unavailable forest capacity to offset carbon emission. To improve forest CCC, forest area needs to be conserved, also develop low-carbon and green economic transformation to reduce GHG emission. The local society can take role to conserve the forest through customary laws application, then the government ought to plan spatial strategies through limiting land use for the primary forest and prohibiting mangrove and swamp forest conversion, also monitor, control and make legal approach to achieve national targets on reducing CO2 emission.Setiap negara telah mengupayakan berbagai kebijakan dan program untuk menginventarisasi dan menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca, tetapi belum terdapat framework khusus untuk mengetahui kapasitas ekosistem dalam menyerap dan mengimbangi emisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung daya dukung dan mengevaluasi batas kemampuan ekosistem dalam mereduksi emisi CO2 di suatu wilayah dengan mempertimbangkan hutan yang merupakan ‘reservoir’ utama karbon menjadi ekosistem kunci. Evaluasi daya dukung karbon ini menggunakan konsep ecological footprint melalui perhitungan surplus-deficit kapasitas karbon dan menjadikan Provinsi Sumatera Barat sebagai wilayah studi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dukung karbon ekosistem hutan berfluktuasi dari tahun 2016-2020 dengan kapasitas penyerapan emisi CO2 tertinggi 3,9 juta ton pada 2016 dan terendah 2,4 juta ton pada 2019, dimana tutupan lahan mangrove primer menjadi penyerap karbon terbesar sebanyak 114 ton/ha setiap tahunnya. Daya dukung karbon tersebut didominasi hasil deficit atau kemampuan penyerapan lebih kecil dibandingkan emisinya. Rekomendasi penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kapasitas penyerapan karbon, yaitu melakukan konservasi tutupan lahan hutan serta mengembangkan tranformasi ekonomi hijau dan rendah karbon untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Komunitas masyarakat juga dapat berperan dalam melestarikan ekosistem hutan melalui kearifan lokal dan pemerintah perlu merencanakan strategi spasial dengan membatasi penggunaan lahan pada tutupan lahan primer, konversi hutan mangrove dan rawa, serta melakukan pemantauan dan pengendalian emisi untuk mencapai target nasional pengurangan emisi CO2
Nano-MgO Synthesis and Characterization using MgCl2 via Precipitation Method
Full text linkThis study examined the synthesis of nano-MgO via a precipitation method involving technical-grade magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as the starting material and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) as the precipitating agent. The objective of this study was to fine-tune the synthesis procedure by altering the concentration of NH4OH (0.5% and 1%) and to assess the properties of the resulting nanoparticles in terms of their suitability for applications. The properties of the synthesized nano-MgO were identified using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), iodine number adsorption, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis to evaluate the oxides content, minerals formed and the crystallinity, adsorption capacity, surface area, and porosity. The findings show that, compared to 1%, a concentration of 0.5% NH4OH produced a superior MgO. A nano-MgO with 87.1% purities (of dominantly periclase phase), with an average crystallite grain size of 11.383 nm was formed. The iodine adsorption capacity of 243.01 mg/g, BET surface area of 43.4298 m2/g, and average pore diameter of 9.0002 nm were achieved, indicating formation of nanoporous structure, well-suited for a wide range of industrial use. Whereas when using 1% NH4OH, the purity only reached 83% (of the same dominant phase) with an average crystallite grain size of 11.691 nm, and iodine number of 197.98 mg/g. This research findings indicate that the precipitation method using 0.5% NH4OH is the effective method for producing high-quality nano-MgO from technical grade precursor with improved adsorption capabilities and suitability for large-scale fabrication.
Keywords: Nano-MgO, Precipitation, Characterizatio
Valuasi Ekonomi Dampak Lingkungan Pengeboran Sumur Minyak Anggana, Kalimantan Timur
Full text linkPenelitian ini mengkaji dampak lingkungan dan sosial-ekonomi dari kegiatan pengeboran sumur minyak di Desa Kutai Lama, Kecamatan Anggana, Kalimantan Timur. Nilai Total Economic Value (TEV) dari dampak lingkungan diperkirakan mencapai Rp 10,2 Milyar per sumur. Survei WTA mengindikasikan besarnya nilai kompensasi yang harus dibayarkan perusahaan selama sumur beroperasi sebesar Rp 15,2 Milyar per sumur sebagai ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami masyarakat. Fokus utama penelitian adalah evaluasi kualitas air, udara, dan tutupan flora serta valuasi ekonomi dampak yang ditimbulkan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengukuran parameter kualitas lingkungan, inventarisasi vegetasi, serta metode Replacement Cost Method (RCM) dan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) untuk menghitung biaya pemulihan ekosistem dan estimasi kompensasi sosial-ekonomi. Data kualitas air, udara, dan vegetasi dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu yang berlaku, sementara data sosial-ekonomi diperoleh melalui survei Willingness to Accept (WTA) dari 100 responden di lima RT terdekat lokasi pengeboran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kualitas air dan udara serta berkurangnya keanekaragaman vegetasi akibat aktivitas pengeboran. Kesimpulannya, kegiatan pengeboran memberikan dampak signifikan yang memerlukan pengelolaan lingkungan yang ketat dan pemberian kompensasi terstruktur untuk menjaga kesejahteraan masyarakat dan kelestarian ekosistem sekitar.
Kata Kunci: Contingent Valuation Method, Dampak Lingkungan, Kalimantan Timur, Pengeboran Sumur Minyak, Replacement Cost Method, Valuasi Ekonomi, Willingness To Accep
Potensi Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) Sebagai Green Biosorben
Full text linkSpent mushroom substrate (SMS) is an organic compost medium produced from the mushroom cultivation process. The chemical composition of SMS includes 22.86% cellulose, 19.71% hemicellulose, and 10.24% lignin. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal biosorbent mass for lead (Pb) heavy metal biosorption and to analyze the characteristics of the best biosorbent using tests such as SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, and lignocellulosic tests. The constant variables used are a contact time of 30 minutes, a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and a biosorbent size of 100 mesh. The variable to be tested is the biosorbent mass (0.5, 1, 1.5) grams. The results showed that the highest removal occurred with a biosorbent mass of 0.5 grams, with a biosorption capacity of 1.160 mg/g and an efficiency of 65%. SMS has rough, cracked, porous, and fragmented pores, with a surface area of 1.4666 m²/g, a pore size of 43.1569 Å, and a crystallinity degree of 1.89% from 5.30%. The lignin content is 13.93%, hemicellulose 9.25%, and cellulose 16.15%, while FTIR testing indicates the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, and phosphate groups.
Keyword: Heavy Metal Pb, biosorption, characterization, Spent Mushroom Substrat
Karakterisasi Air Kondensat AC sebagai Sumber Air Alternatif
Full text linkThis study analyzes the potential to reuse AC condensate water in Andalas University. The research was conducted in the Rectorate Building, the Civil Engineering Department, and the Environmental Engineering Department. AC condensate water sampling was conducted in 8 locations from the Rectorate, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Engineering office buildings. The parameters analyzed were pH, DO, Turbidity, COD, Metals, E.coli, and Total Coliform. Water quality was compared with the Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023, World Health Organization (WHO) for Drinking Water Quality Standards and Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021 concerning implementing Environmental Protection and Management. The results of water quality testing show that in addition to the parameters of pH, DO, Turbidity, COD, and Metals that have met the quality standards, the levels of iron (Fe), COD, and Total Coliform exceed the quality standards of the Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023. Used AC water is not recommended for consumption as drinking water. However, condensate AC water can be used for several activities, such as watering plants, cleaning floors and specific areas, and flushing toilets. The AC condensate water characterization results show that iron (Fe), COD, and Total Coliform parameters exceed the quality standards for drinking water requirements. AC condensate water is not recommended for consumption as drinking water without prior treatment. Used AC water can be utilized for several activities, such as watering plants, cleaning the floor, and cleaning the toilet.
Keyword: condensate water; office building; potential; water sourc