Jurnal THEOLOGIA
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Portrait of Graduate Theology In Indonesia: The Conflict Between God's Needs and Self-Life Needs
Full text linkThe background study explores Portrait of Graduate Theology in Indonesia as it relates to the dilemma between serving God and your own needs, particularly in light of the increasing number of theology graduates and their employment challenges. The increase in the number of theology majors by 13% raises concerns, given that 42% of these graduates face unemployment. This situation highlights a significant gap in theological education, where the quality may not meet the job market demands. The objective research aims to understand how theological education can better prepare students for spiritual service and practical life needs. This research employs a literature review approach, examining existing theoretical frameworks and empirical data on the social dynamics surrounding theology graduates. It examines various customs, norms, and societal expectations influencing these graduates' educational experiences and career paths. The increasing number of theology graduates juxtaposed with high unemployment presents a critical challenge for theological education. By adopting holistic approaches integrating spiritual formation with practical applications, institutions can better prepare students to navigate their dual roles in serving God and fulfilling personal life needs. This alignment could ultimately reduce unemployment rates among theology graduates while enriching their contributions to society
Evaluating a Psychoanalytically-Informed Training Program for Personality Development among University Staff in Iraq: A Freudian Framework
Full text linkIn modern organizational settings, unresolved psychological conflicts and dysfunctional personality traits among employees often hinder productivity, workplace harmony, and overall institutional performance. This study addresses the critical need for deeper psychological interventions by exploring the effectiveness of a training program based on Freudian psychoanalysis in developing personality traits among university employees. The research aimed to design and evaluate a psychoanalytically-informed training intervention targeting core aspects of personality such as self-awareness, emotional regulation, defense mechanisms, and interpersonal functioning. Employing an experimental one-group pre-test/post-test design, the study involved 16 purposively selected employees from the University of Zakho. Participants underwent a four-week training program consisting of 12 intensive sessions. A validated Personality Traits Development Scale (PTDS) was used to assess personality changes before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores, with a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.32), indicating the program's substantial impact. These findings highlight the power of psychoanalytic interventions in organizational development by fostering meaningful personality transformation rather than superficial behavioral adjustments. The study contributes novel empirical evidence to the field of workplace psychology, advocating for the integration of depth psychology into team member development initiatives across diverse cultural and institutional context
Rethinking the God of the Gaps Argument: An Islamic Philosophical Critique of New Atheism
Full text linkThe persistent claim by New Atheists that belief in God merely functions as a placeholder for ignorance—commonly referred to as the "God of the Gaps" (GOG) argument—has significantly influenced contemporary discourse on the relationship between science and religion. This view asserts that the more science progresses, the less necessary God becomes, thereby reducing divine agency to an explanatory tool for unresolved phenomena. This article aims to critically examine the logic and epistemological assumptions behind the GOG argument, especially as articulated by figures such as Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens. Employing a qualitative method through critical literature analysis, this study draws on primary texts from New Atheist thinkers and philosophical responses from both Western and Islamic traditions. The analysis incorporates logical critique, especially identifying fallacies such as appeal to ignorance, false dichotomy, and strawman argumentation, and integrates Islamic epistemology, particularly the distinction between rational-metaphysical knowledge (‘ilm al-ma'rifah) and empirical knowledge (‘ilm al-ma'lūmāt). The findings reveal that the GOG argument relies on a reductionist worldview that fails to account for the metaphysical dimensions of reality. As a contribution, the paper offers an Islamic philosophical framework that transcends the false dichotomy between science and religion, proposing a coherent epistemology rooted in tawḥīd that sees science as a means to understand—not replace—divine order
The Role of al-Hamid Clan in Islamic Affairs at Petuanan Namatota and Petuanan Kumisi in Kaimana, West Papua
Full text linkThere have been many studies on Islam and Islamic societies in Papua. However, there have not been many studies on Arab descendants in Papua. Nevertheless, people of Arab descent have long been present in Papua and have played a significant role in developing the Islamic community in Papua. Therefore, discussing their role in the Papuan Muslim community is important. Based on this issue, the following article examines Papuans from the Al-Hamid clan in two chiefdoms in Kaimana, namely Petuanan Namatota and Petuanan Kumisi. The main issue discussed in this research is the Al-Hamid clan's role in Islamic affairs in the Namatota and Kumisi Chiefdoms in Kaimana. The research data were obtained through a literature review and fieldwork in Kaimana, West Papua. The results show that Papuans of Arab descent from the Al-Hamid clan play an important role in religious affairs in the Namatota and Kumisi Chiefdoms. People from Al-Hamid's descendants have been religious teachers, qadhi, mosque imams, and policymakers in Islamic religious affairs in the two chiefdoms since around the end of the 19th Century. Al-Hamid's descendants still carry out these roles, although they are delegated to other parties in some circumstances
Negotiation Between Patuntung and Islam in Kajang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Full text linkThis research examines the relationship between Islam as a world religion and Patuntung as a traditional religion adhered to by the Ammatoa indigenous community in Kajang, South Sulawesi. The relationship between these two religions is not only oppositional or harmonious but also dynamic and negotiating. This research uses a qualitative method with a 'New Ethnography' approach, which pays attention to three aspects: self-reflection, polyvocality, and testimony. The findings of this research show that the meeting between Islam and Patuntung produces a hybrid reality, namely Sallang, which is basically a different Islam and another Patuntung. Sallang is a new reality that emerged from the meeting between Islam and Patuntung. This is clearly seen from Ammatoa's belief that the Koran is 40 juz, 10 juz revealed in Kajang, and 30 juz revealed in Mecca. This research provides a new contribution to the study of the relationship between world religions and indigenous religions, especially in Indonesia
Transcending Paradigm: Bridging Spirituality and Modern Science in the Thoughts of Nasr, al-Attas, and al-Faruqi
Full text linkThe research examines the transcending paradigm as a crucial intellectual approach, with scholars like Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, and Ismail Raji al-Faruqi proposing a synthesis of Islamic spiritual principles with modern scientific inquiry. This paradigm aims to bridge the gap between science and spirituality, advocating for a unified model that respects Islamic metaphysical traditions while embracing empirical scientific advancements. Through a systematic comparative and analytical approach, the research thoroughly examines and critiques the philosophical foundations and theoretical frameworks presented by Nasr, al-Attas, and al-Faruqi. This study's synthesis of these scholars' perspectives makes it unique, providing insights into their efforts to move beyond traditional academic paradigms. Their contributions argue for a coherent framework harmonizing divine unity and cosmic understanding. They assert that true knowledge encompasses both the material and the transcendent, offering a holistic and spiritually enriched scientific perspective. This article contributes to enhancing the Islamic intellectual tradition by presenting a model deeply rooted in cultural values and responsive to the complexities of the modern scientific era
The Typologies of Islamic Thought: Mapping The Contemporary Intellectual Movements in Indonesia
Full text linkThe continuity and change of reformation ideas in the history of the Islamic intellectual movement necessitate a systematic categorization. This article endeavors to present a fresh framework for classifying Islamic thought, drawing inspiration from Fazlur Rahman’s categories of revivalist, classical modernist, neo-revivalist, and neo-modernist. More specifically, this article examines a reclassification of Islamic thought and elaborates on its implications for the contemporary historical narrative of the Islamic intellectual movement within the Indonesian context. By undertaking a comprehensive literature review and employing a descriptive methodology for data collection and analysis, this article found out eight categories or typologies characterizing contemporary Islamic intellectual movements in Indonesia: (1) the revivalist movement, (2) the classical modernist movement, (3) the neo-revivalist movement, (4) the neo-modernist movement, (5) the traditionalist movement, (6) the neo-traditionalist movement, (7) the post-modernist movement, and (8) the post-traditionalist movement. These typologies commence with the emergence of classical modernism juxtaposed against classical traditionalism as the turning point of the dialectical progression of Indonesian Islamic intellectualism. Each typology has undergone a transformative process and metamorphosis within a dynamic scientific dialectic
Pathways to Healing: Forgiveness and Spiritual Growth for Domestic Violence Survivors in Islam
Full text linkForgiveness plays a crucial role in the psychological recovery of domestic violence (DV) survivors, and within the framework of Islamic teachings, it is seen as a means of attaining inner peace and spiritual healing. This study explores the role of forgiveness in the psychological and spiritual healing of domestic violence (DV) survivors within an Islamic framework. Employing a qualitative case study approach through in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, and observations with a single female DV survivor in Solo, Indonesia, to gain insights into the complex, non-linear journey of forgiveness. This study investigates the forgiveness process that aligns with Islamic principles of mercy (rahmah), patience (sabr), and divine justice. The findings reveal that the process of forgiveness is complex, non-linear, and influenced by various dynamics, including feedback and feed-forward loops, with survivors revisiting earlier stages. This process is often unpredictable, with survivors revisiting previous stages they thought were overcome, accompanied by changes in attitude. Victims' motivation to forgive is frequently influenced by a desire to accept the situation sincerely, often aligned with religious teachings. Additionally, releasing negative emotions is a significant driving force in the forgiveness process. Social support from family, community, and religious institutions is crucial in encouraging victims to engage in forgiveness, providing the necessary encouragement and understanding to navigate this challenging journey. The study underscores the importance of integrating religious guidance with psychological support, highlighting the significant psychological benefits of forgiveness for DV survivors, including improved emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships
Contesting the Non-Muslim Existence In a Democratic State: A Trajectory to Hack Majority-Minority Relations In Indonesia
Full text linkThe outbreak of inter-religious conflict today is mostly caused by unequal majority-minority relations, especially in the context of a democratic state—Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to reconcile and integrate the Islamic paradigm with the democratic system, especially in a country dominated by one religion. In this article, the author analyzes the social friction between the majority and minority with an intertextuality approach between classical Sunni literature and the development of modern democratic discourse. The author finds that the tradition of Sunni classical fiqh literature was born from scholars who used to live under the auspices of religious states that still considered non-Muslims as second-class citizens. In addition, this article reviews the concepts of state religion and state democracy and the social conflicts that may occur in them. Finally, the author tries to provide an alternative way to integrate the Islamic paradigm and the concept of citizenship and secularization efforts in the form of separation between religious identity and identity as a citizen for better democratic state conduct
Philosophical Theology as a Catalyst for Inclusive Interreligious Dialogue in Plural Societies
Full text linkIn an era of intensifying religious diversity and sociopolitical polarisation, interreligious dialogue is both a necessity and a moral imperative. However, such dialogue is often constrained by epistemological biases, theological exclusivism, and rigid doctrinal frameworks. This study explores the role of philosophical theology as a transformative medium for inclusive interreligious communication. Drawing on biblical values such as love, justice, and peace, and informed by dialogical approaches from Islamic (ta’aruf) and Jewish (“I-Thou”) traditions, the research proposes a pluralistic theological model grounded in epistemic humility and shared ethics. Utilising a descriptive-analytical method through systematic literature review of 50 scholarly works, the study demonstrates how philosophical reflection can overcome confessional barriers, reframe hermeneutical practices, and support practical initiatives—such as scriptural reasoning and alternative media—for sustainable dialogue. The research contributes theoretically by expanding the framework of dialogical theology, and practically by offering tools for interfaith actors and educators to foster ethical, inclusive, and context-sensitive engagement. This approach affirms that theological plurality, when anchored in philosophical depth, can generate transformative interreligious understanding in plural societies