Jurnal THEOLOGIA
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Perseverance and Recognition: The Struggle of JAGI Church in Establishing its Unitarian Christian Identity
Full text linkThis article aims to examine the development, challenges, and dynamics of the JAGI Church concerning religious freedom in Indonesia. This research seeks to answer fundamental questions about the identity of the JAGI Church, its mission, its influence in Indonesia's social and religious realms, and the various challenges it faces in the form of discrimination. The research methodology applied to the JAGI Church study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. This research methodology also integrates a historical contextualization approach, which aims to provide a different understanding by placing these events in Indonesia's broader historical, social, and religious context. The results of this research demonstrate a deep understanding of the dynamics of religious freedom and the challenges faced by the JAGI Church in achieving official recognition, as well as describing their efforts in fighting for interreligious dialogue and creating an environment of mutual respect and tolerance. This article also links the JAGI Church case study with the thinking of religious freedom experts, thus providing new insight into the complexities of protecting and promoting religious freedom in the context of a multicultural society like Indonesia
Al Qaeda, Islamists and Terrorism in Southeast Asia: A Lesson from the Past
Full text link This article aims to explore the involvement of the Al-Qaeda network in Southeast Asia at the beginning of the 21st century. As an international terrorist organization with sufficient financial and human resources, Al-Qaeda's arrival in Southeast Asia came as a major shock to the local communities affected by it—an injustice caused by the capitalist regimes in the region. The methods used in writing this article are case studies and historical analysis. This article will provide specific examples of Al-Qaeda involvement in several countries in Southeast Asia, such as the case in Poso, Indonesia, where Al-Qaeda members Omar Bandon and Jusuf Galan from Spain provided military training and funding to militant Islamic groups in Malaysia. This article will also discuss Al-Qaeda's involvement in the Philippines, where they formed cells and networks with the Abu Sayyaf and other extreme Islamic groups. The results of this research show that the entry of the Al-Qaeda network in this area has caused terrorism problems and resulted in quite large losses in the form of property and lives. It is hoped that this article will provide new insights and policy recommendations to strengthen counterterrorism efforts in the future.
A Critical Study of Victor Turner's Liminality, Religion, and Nationality
Full text linkThis paper discusses Victor Turner's theory of liminality, religion, and nationality obtained from primary sources using the literature review method. The results of his study serve as a theoretical basis for discussing Victor Turner's liminality and its relationship to religion and nationality. This theory will help the writer dissect the customary ritual of washing the land in Soya. Liminality is an important aspect of the rite and is adopted from Arnold Van Gennep's concept. The term ‘liminality’ comes from the Latin word 'limen', which means 'doorway'. Viktor Turner used this term in his research on symbols and rituals among the Ndembu people of Africa. Therefore, liminality has such rich characteristics that it provides its own perspective on the life of society and culture today. In addition to Liminality, the writer also examines the theory of religion and nationality initiated by Emile Durkheim and Ernest Gellner. The results of the study show that these three theories have a very close and substantial relationship, in which of these three theories is social equality with one another. This intersection exists as a result of Turner's theory of liminality
Offering Rituals (Sesajen): Synthesis of Religion and Culture from the Perspective of Islamic Religious Groups
Full text linkThis research examines the community's offering rituals to honor gods, ancestral spirits, and guardian spirits of sacred places. This ritual caused controversy among Muslims because it contained elements of shirk. This research aims to seek a synthesis of this controversy. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method approach with an ethnographic type. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. Data analysis uses interactive methods. The research results show that offering rituals can be synthesized from a religious and cultural perspective with the following conditions: 1) offering rituals are positioned as cultural events, not as offerings as in religion; 2) the meaning of the offering ritual is thanksgiving which is consumed by the community, not left to be eaten by spirits or ancestral spirits because it would be wasteful; 3) the intention of the offering ritual is only for Allah alone and is not mixed or added with other names. As in religion, the intention of sacrifice is for Allah alone, but the object (sacrificial animal) is for humans
The Silence Bissu: Cultural Misaccommodation of Local Communities in Ritual Ceremony
Full text linkThis article aims to explain how cultural misaccommodation of rituals in local communities can occur. Bissu as a component of society comes along with negotiations to maintain the rituals and religiosity that have shaped their identity. The presence of bissu in the ritual procession is an authority that they have culturally. Throughout the history of civilisation, bissu were the main, sacred and central party in the ritual procession. However, what happened on Bone's 62nd anniversary was a moment when bissu were not involved. This article is based on data obtained from online searches. News and article searches were conducted as a basis for analysing the cultural misaccommodation of local communities. This article shows that the misaccommodation of bissu in the ritual procession is a weakening of identity and existence. The government in this case becomes the party that eliminates bissu from its roots, the dynamics of polarisation of the ruling group along with a set of laws make bissu misaccommodation a hegemony. Along with the society that places bissu as a minority party, both socially and culturally. Therefore, it is necessary to affirm the authority of bissu as a party that maintains cultural sustainability
Sentiment Analysis on Social Media and Stakeholders about Negative Issues Among Islamic Boarding School Community In Indonesia
Full text linkThis study examines public sentiment towards Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia using Twitter data and interviews with pesantren stakeholders, including administrators (asatidz), students (santri), and the surrounding community. Sentiment analysis of Twitter data, collected using the hashtag #pondokpesantren in 2023, revealed that public sentiment is predominantly neutral, with fewer positive and negative opinions. The analysis, conducted using the K-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) model, achieved 90% accuracy and an F1-Score of 89.9%, indicating reliable performance in classifying sentiment. On the other hand, interviews with pesantren stakeholders highlighted more nuanced issues, such as security concerns, educational autonomy, and disciplinary practices, which were not widely discussed on social media. The findings reveal a gap between public perceptions on Twitter, which tend to generalize pesantren issues, and stakeholders’ detailed, experience-based insights. This discrepancy underscores the need for open communication between pesantren and the public to address emerging concerns and improve pesantren’s education and security systems. By combining sentiment analysis and phenomenological interviews, this study provides a deeper understanding of public perceptions and the internal challenges faced by pesantren in Indonesia, offering valuable insights for future improvements in pesantren management and public engagement
Defending Women Beyond Feminism: Gender Perspectives in Indonesia
Full text linkThis article examines the development of gender understanding in Indonesia. Specifically, the understanding of gender discussed in this article comes from the perspective of one of the leading Islamic organizations in Indonesia, namely Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), which has its own way of thinking in defending women's rights. This article aims to show that Nahdlatul Ulama's concept of defending women is different from the concept of feminism that emerged in Western civilization, namely by looking at the capabilities and capabilities of women themselves. Therefore, I use the words "Defending Women But Not Feminism" with the intention of emphasizing that the way NU defends women's rights is not based on the feminist paradigm way of thinking that has developed in modern times. The research methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach. This article uses library research procedures, especially analytical descriptive methods. This research uses book data, relevant literature, and other important sources. This research uses document analysis as a qualitative research methodology. The results of this research show that NU's thinking paradigm in defending women's rights is different from Western feminism. NU has a different view in defending women's rights, namely "beyond feminism”
Fake Sacred Tomb Business in The Coastal Areas of West Kalimantan in The Era of Regional Autonomy
Full text linkIn the coastal areas of West Kalimantan, several new sacred tombs have recently become the subject of community discussions, first emerging around 2020. This study seeks to uncover the existence of these tombs and reveal the underlying facts so that the true events can be accurately explained. To achieve this, the study employed qualitative methods and a phenomenological perspective to address the research focus. Data were collected through observations at the research sites and interviews with relevant stakeholders. All data were validated using member-checking techniques to ensure accuracy and credibility. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in detail, developing concepts that explain the actual events. The study’s findings indicate that business activities drive the emergence of these new sacred tombs. Among the tombs identified are the tomb of Hasan in Pontianak, Muhammad in Kubu Raya, Usman in Mempawah, and the Nine Sacred Tombs in Ketapang. These tombs have been established based on the claims of individuals who assert their origin from dreams and/or supernatural events rather than from historical evidence. The analysis suggests that the context of Regional Autonomy plays a significant role, as it reflects a policy trend of developing sacred tombs for pilgrimage into religious tourism aimed at boosting the regional economy. This policy has seemingly inspired the creation of fake sacred tombs, which copy well-known tombs that are centers of religious tourism. The business activities surrounding these fraudulent tombs include selecting tomb sites, socialization, promotion, site management, and the economic benefits of pilgrim donations. The phenomenon of new sacred tombs is not unique to West Kalimantan but is also observed in other regions of Indonesia. Given the scope of this trend, further research is needed to provide a comprehensive explanation of the emergence of these new sacred tombs to enlighten the community
The Strategic Role of Religious Authority in Supporting State Policy on Non-Natural Disaster Management in Indonesia
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic has not only posed a grave threat to global public health but also disrupted the socio-religious fabric of Indonesian society, particularly in how Muslims perform communal worship. In response to government-mandated restrictions, resistance emerged from various societal groups, exposing a growing distrust toward state policy and weakening public compliance. This study investigates the strategic role of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as a religious authority in supporting government efforts to manage COVID-19 as a non-natural disaster. Specifically, it addresses two key questions: (1) How did MUI contribute to the government's pandemic response through its fatwas? and (2) What was the strategic significance of these fatwas in the broader context of state development? Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through field observation, interviews, and document analysis in three regions of Central Java. The findings reveal that MUI fatwas were instrumental in aligning religious practice with public health directives at macro, meso, and micro levels. Through its fatwas and outreach programs, MUI functioned as both a moral guide and policy communicator. This study contributes to the discourse on religion-state relations in new democracies and highlights how religious legitimacy can enhance state resilience during public crises
Islamic Theological Reflections on Humanitarian Principles Towards Queer: Perspective of Qur’anic Interpretation
Full text linkThis research examines the principles of queer humanity in religious teachings written in the Qur'an. This research uses a qualitative literature study method, while the Qur'anic text reading uses Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's contextual reading method. This study found several findings: First, humans are bound in a primordial covenant with God, and human life's orientation is to recognize God's Oneness. Second, humans are born in a state of fitrah (pure). Third, humans are ethical and moral beings. Fourth, every human person is valuable. Because the principle of humanity is written in the Qur'an, it is appropriate for humanity to have a religious, ethical attitude toward queer people by promoting the principles of justice, tolerance, and equality between human beings. This religious, ethical attitude is a guideline for human life regardless of differences in gender identity and sexual orientation. The principles of humanity in the teachings of Islam written in the Qur'an and hadith place humans, both men, women, and queers, as equal beings before God