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Female Friendship in Ancient Greece and Rome in Times of Crisis
No full textThis paper aims to show that the idea of a female friendship in Ancient Greece and Rome is possible, even in terms of an “ideal” friendship, i.e. form of a friendship ancient philosophers aspired to. The author of this paper will elucidate the position of women in Greece and Rome and points out that various women actively participated in the work of the philosophical schools and women’s societies. In accordance with the philosophical ideals, “ideal,” “perfect” or “genuine” friends could only be those who possess or at least strive for moral virtue (ἀρετή), while education (παιδεία) was seen as a precondition for acquiring moral virtue. Having in mind that various women met that precondition, it is emphasized that the ideal friendship could be ascribed not only to virtuous men but also to virtuous women. Thus, educated women could potentially be both, “ideal” and “ordinary” friends.Циљ овог текста је да покаже да је идеја женског пријатељства, током периода античке Грчке и Рима, могућа, па чак и када је реч о „идеалном“ пријатељству, тј. облику пријатељства коме су стремили неки од најпознатијих античких филозофа. Да би то показала, ауторка овог текста, анализира позицију жена у Грчкој и Риму, указујући да су неке од њих активно учествовале у раду филозофских школа или да су биле чланице женских удружења. У складу са филозофским идеалима, „савршено“ или „идеално“ пријатељство је било могуће само међу онима који су поседовали, или макар тежили томе да остваре моралну врлину (ἀρετή), док се образовање (παιδεία) посматрало као предуслов за стицање врлине. Ако имамо у виду да су одређене жене могле да испуне тај предуслов, закључује се да се савршено пријатељство може приписати подједнако и женама и мушкарцима. Наиме, образоване жене могу, у начелу, да буду и „идеалне“, а не само „свакодневне“ пријатељице
Građanski i antigrađanski kod u debatama o praksama SPC u pandemiji
No full textTokom trajanja pandemije virusa korona u Srbiji, Srpska pravoslavna crkva u više navrata je svojim praksama kršila protivepidemijske mere za koje su se zalagali medicinska struka i deo građana, zbog čega je ponašanje Crkve u pandemiji postalo predmet žustrih rasprava u javnosti. U radu se interpretiraju debate o praksama SPC u pandemiji kroz kulturnosociološku prizmu, pri čemu je glavni teorijski oslonac teorija građanske sfere koju je razvio Džefri Aleksander.During the coronavirus pandemic in Serbia, the Serbian Orthodox
Church repeatedly violated anti-epidemic measures advocated by medical experts
and a part of the citizens, which led to the Church’s behaviour in the pandemic
becoming the subject of heated public debate. The paper interprets the debates
about the practice of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the pandemic through a
cultural sociological prism, the main theoretical stronghold being the civil sphere
theory developed by Jeffrey Alexander
Breaking through the Pandemic Incertitudes: From Hazy Health Care Instruction to Commensuration of Worths among Serbia’s Young Professionals
No full textRather cumbersome ontological situation initiated with the 2020 pandemic has created a great amount of unease within common worlds, particularly in terms of health risks and hazy healthcare instructions. A series of uncanny and confusing moments both have been sparked by possibly deterrent effects coming with infection and transmission risks, as well as by being abridged for effective tools such as standards and procedures for coping with the virus. Exactly this triangle formed between familiar engagements and resettling within pandemic reality, incertitude brought with infection risks and hazy healthcare procedures, along with overall discrepancies in civic response to pandemic, was a principal subject of our research. Namely, we intended to discern how the uncertainty brought with the puzzling intrusion of the COVID-19 was confronted by young professionals in Belgrade, Serbia, particularly having in mind their social status. Based on 20 interviews conducted during the first months of the pandemic in the spring of 2020, our exploration traces both the attempts to consolidate the familiar environment anew into coherent arrangements and to commensurate worths as specific normative principles deployed in these operations. Inspired by pragmatic sociology and more specifically, Thévenot’s concept of regimes of engagement, we first explore the adaptations evolving within familiar arrangements. Principally, we denote that confronting with the uncertainty embodied in a mute presence of the virus meant conducting a fragile politics of beings within this regime, molded through personal bonds, care and intimacy. Particularly, we describe how the hygienic “purifying” was guided not only by a fear of being contaminated, but also has induced a rather vigilant mode of communication with the “intruder” and “drifting” through hazy instructions. Later moment indicates a plurality of assessments of the healthcare itself: for this, highly educated cohort, it meant a critical assessment of instructions, a dose of distrust for medical experts due to fuzzy instructions given in the media and the general reliance on DIY strategy, which involved exploration of “valid” procedures on the Internet. Albeit this lack of referential stability was eventually consolidated into specific pandemic objectivity, surrounded with disinfectants and thresholds put in immediate spaces, a plurality of engagements also evolved into principal tension between this “protective shield” in which the domestic world was wrapped and the civic world. The second problem that we analyze therefore encompasses a commensuration of worth performed by our informants and their judgmental attitude towards actions that might harm the familiar arrangement. Namely, our findings show that
this purifying politics targeted a situated, materialized endeavor in order to solve the basic tension: how to protect and solidify familiar environment by drawing upon an ethical corpus of “taking care of family”. Thus, in conclusion we illustrate how this “pandemic deontology” involved a tense encounter with “aberrations” found in civic polity as these, assumedly, have distorted the common principle of equivalence. Specifically, we describe three major criticisms targeting the civic world: excessive hoarding of goods, improper wearing of masks and a lack of responsibility for others. Overall, these critiques targeting the civic world have both put to scrutiny the healthcare system in Serbia seeing it as unreliable, but also had an aim to protect it against excesses that would further harm it
Muslimanske rezolucije 1941. i konstituisanje državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine u antifašističkoj Jugoslaviji
No full textNakon okupacije Jugoslavije, tokom 1941. u nizu bosansko-hercegovačkih gradova objavljene su rezolucije i proglasi muslimanskih prvaka, predstavnika društvene, političke i verske elite, kasnije jednim imenom nazvane – muslimanske rezolucije. Svedočile su o širokom frontu neslaganja bosansko-hercegovačkih Muslimana sa novouspostavljenim režimom kvislinške NDH, koji je bio obeležen neuporedivom represijom i masovnim zločinima prema Jevrejima, Srbima, Romima i svima onima koji su percipirani kao rasna, nacionalna, verska ili politička drugost. Na eksploziju nasilja i zločina, kao i pokušaj da se upravo muslimansko stanovništvo, kao značajno brojnije od katoličkog, predstavi kao ključni izvršilac zločina, muslimanske bosansko-hercegovačke elite odgovaraju nepristajanjem i javnim manifestovanjem neslaganja i otpora ustaškom režimu. Ovakav pristup je dao povoda Narodnooslobodilačkom partizanskom pokretu da u svoje koncepcije sve jasnije i odlučnije uključuje Muslimane, računajući sa njima kao nezaobilaznim faktorom na središnjem jugoslovenskom ratištu od 1942. godine. Time je postavljen osnov za ravnopravno tretiranje Bosne i Hercegovine u novoj federalističkoj koncepciji antifašističkog pokreta. U drugom delu rada se daje pregled izgradnje novih osnova federativnog uređenja tokom antifašističke borbe i socijalističke revolucije koju je predvodio partizanski pokret uz dominantnu ulogu KPJ. Posebna pažnja je posvećena državno-utemeljiteljskom zasedanju AVNOJ-a u Jajcu 1943. na kome je usvojen nacionalno-emancipatorski koncept države u izgradnji – šest nacija i njihovih federalnih država kao konstituensi federativne Jugoslavije. Unutar nje utvrđena je državnost i nedeljivost Bosne i Hercegovine kao istorijski državotvorne i etno-konfesionalno specifične jedinice. U navedenim okvirima utemeljena je i ravnopravnost tri bosanskohercegovačka naroda – Muslimana, Srba i Hrvata. Temelji takvih odluka bili su proglasi nepristajanja i tendencija suživota iskazana u muslimanskim rezolucijama
Development of Human Capacities and the Legitimacy of State Intervention
No full textAnaliza polazi od Rawlsova stajališta da autonomne osobe u liberalnom društvu trebaju
posjedovati dvije moralne moći – kapacitet koji se odnosi na smisao za pravdu te za for-
miranje, slijeđenje i reviziju koncepcije dobra. Politički ili neutralni liberalizam podržava
opravdanost državne intervencije za poboljšanje prvog kapaciteta, ujedno proglašavajući
utjecaj na drugi kapacitet nelegitimnim. Kritika ove pozicije izložena je kroz analizu staja-
lišta Jonathana Quonga i Marthe Nussbaum, ukazujući na to da ona vode do dozvoljava-
nja iracionalnih i autoritarnih pozicija u obrazovanju, odnosno do zapostavljanja razvoja
vrijednih kapaciteta. Premda institucionalni utjecaj može biti pristran i paternalistički, u
pojedinim se slučajevima može ukazati na legitimnost institucionalne intervencije u osigu-
ravanju uvjeta koji poboljšavaju sposobnost osoba da procjenjuju, preispituju i revidiraju
vlastite koncepcije dobra
Anxiety
No full textThe paper focuses anxiety as an epistemic state and discusses the links between anxiety and the existential horizon of a person facing borderline life situations
ELECTORAL SYSTEMS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: more democracy, more accountability?
No full textThis research paper is produced in the course of the project funded by the European Fund for the Balkans, analyzing outcomes of different electoral rules across the Western Balkans. Multinational research team examined the electoral mechanisms with regard to the specific value-oriented methodology , based on principles of democracy and accountability. Although all analyzed societies use proportional representation model, they substantially differ in the number of constituencies, openness of the electoral lists, and also other specific rules related to the seat allocation and affirmative action for minority groups, which altogether produces different effects for political actors and citizens alike. The paper will also include a list of possible recommendations for improvements, intended for policy makers, researchers and the general public
The Star for Beginners: Introductions to the Magnum Opus of Franz Rosenzweig
No full textIn "The Star of Redemption", written at the end and after World War I and published in 1921, Franz Rosenzweig presented an epoch-making Jewish-inspired philosophy of religion. In three steps, each with three chapters or "books," Rosenzweig unfolds in it his view of God, the world, and man, their interrelationship, and their contribution and role in the redemption of the world. In this introduction, young and old Rosenzweig scholars take readers by the hand chapter by chapter, book by book. They lead safely through Rosenzweig's argumentation, making sometimes difficult lines of thought comprehensible and plausible. The chapter introductions open up reliable access for interested readers and new perspectives for connoisseurs
Contributions on the Reform of Secondary Education in the Journal "Teaching and Education" and "Pedagogical Work" (1958-1970)
No full textУ раду се анализирају прилози о проблемима реформе система средњошколског образовања и васпитања у часописима Настава и
васпитање и Педагошки рад. Период од доношења Општег закона о школству 1958. па до ступања на снагу Резолуције Савезне скупштине о развоју васпитања и образовања на самоуправним основама 1970. испуњен је
крупним друштвено-политичким променама, од којих су најважније биле
доношење Устава СФРЈ (1963) и привредна реформа (1965). У образовној
и васпитној пракси актуелни су захтеви реформе са краја 50-их, као и активно трагање за функционалнијим односом између сфера рада и образовања и условима за већу радну продуктивност, при чему 1965. година
представља извесну прекретницу. Концепција усмереног образовања и
васпитања, озваничена половином 70-их, уведена је као решење ове потраге. На линији промена и друштвено-економских кретања након 1958.
пратили смо и струковни педагошки дискурс у анализираним часописима,
који представљају вредан извор за разумевање историје школства у Југославији у другој половини 20. века.The paper analyses articles on the problems of reforming the system
of secondary education in the journals Teaching and Education, published by the
Pedagogical Society of the People’s Republic of Serbia and Pedagogical Work,
published by the Pedagogical and Literary Association of the People’s Republic
of Croatia. The period from the enactment of the General Law on Education in
1958, when the Seventh Congress of the CPY was held, until the entry into force
of the Resolution of the Federal Assembly on the development of upbringing and
education on a self-governing basis in 1970, was ϐilled with major socio-political
changes, the most important among which were the adoption of the Constitution of the SFRY (1963) and economic reform (1965) which in the formal-legal
and economic sense reshaped the character of the Yugoslav federation. In the
mentioned period, the demands of the reform from the end of the 1950s were
ongoing in the educational practice, as well as an active search for a more functional relationship between the sphere of work and the sphere of education and
the conditions for higher labour productivity, with 1965 representing a certain
turning point. The concept of directed education and upbringing, made ofϐicial
in the mid-1970s, and according to its creator Stipe Šuvar, was introduced as a
solution to this search. On the line of changes and socio-economic trends after
1958, we followed the professional pedagogical discourse in the analyzed journals, which represent a valuable source for understanding the history of education in Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century
A Torn Portrait Of The Subject Of Trust: Freud And Sartre
No full textU ovom članku će biti spekulativno razmatrana jedna specifična forma subjektivnosti, koja nastaje iz fundamentalne uslovljenosti egzistenci-je subjekta poverenjem. Polazeći od hipoteze da poverenje teži ka stvaranju subjektiviteta koji bi postojao samostalno, kao totalitet i odvojenost od sveta, pokušaćemo da razvejemo ovu iluziju, prikazuju-ći konstitutivnu fragmentarnost subjekta poverenja, kao i granice i procepe koji ga sačinjavaju. Preispitujući jednu takvu ontogenezu, is-pitaćemo psihološke, ali i epistemološke uslove, koje poverenje name-će subjektu u njegovom nastajanju. Frojdova psihoanalitička teorija i Sartrova ontološka fenomenologija, daće nam glavne (nekada suprot-stavljene, nekada pomirljive) pojmovne aparate, kojima ćemo se služi-ti, ali koje ćemo takođe i dovoditi u pitanje u analizi koja sledi. Njihovim kritičkim preklapanjem, težićemo da dobijemo optimalan alat za de-konstrukciju subjekta poverenja, dekonstruišući pritom i neke tradici-onalno oprečne filozofske kategorije, kao što su svesno i nesvesno, subjekat i objekat, egzistencija i postajanje, verovanje i znanje, itd.In this article we will consider, in a speculative manner, a specific form of subjectivity that arises from a fundamental condition that trust imposes on the existence of the subject. Departing from the hypothesis that trust tends towards a formation of sub-jectivity that could exist independently, as a totality and separateness from world, we will try to shed that illusion, showing thus the constitutively fragmentary nature of the subject of trust, as well as its limits and tears from which it is made. While examining this particular ontogenesis, we will also question the psychological and epistemologi-cal condition which trust imposes on the subject in its becoming. Freudian psycho-analysis and Sartre’s ontological phenomenology will provide us with our main notional tools which will be reconsidered while serving our own analyses. Through their critical superposition, we will tend to obtain an optimal tool for a deconstruction of the sub-ject of trust, while also deconstructing some traditionally opposed categories, such as the unconscious and the conscious, subject and object, existence and becoming, belief and knowledge, etc