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    “Leben und Gewalt” ou “Gewalt und Leben” Comentário ao §18 De a Crítica Da Violência De Walter Benjamin

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    No parágrafo 18 de “A Crítica da Violência”, os termos vida, viver e violência, e as relações entre eles, complicam a justificativa de Walter Benjamin para a violência divina – a principal descoberta de seu texto. Este artigo procura reconstruir os usos de Benjamin da vida e vivência em textos anteriores e considerar a influência potencial de vários autores que ele estava lendo na época (Heinrich Rickert, Erich Unger, Kurt Hiller, Gershom Scholem). A distinção de Benjamin entre vida e viver é crucial para sua crítica ao pacifismo e para sua mudança de perspectiva: ele muda o foco da vítima para aquele que comete um assassinato, mas cujo ato violento só pode trazer justiça.In paragraph 18 of “Toward the Critique of Violence,” the terms life, living, and violence, and the relations among them, complicate Walter Benjamin's justification of divine violence—his text's main discovery. This article seeks to reconstruct Benjamin's uses of life and living in earlier texts and to consider the potential influence of various authors he was reading at the time (Heinrich Rickert, Erich Unger, Kurt Hiller, Gershom Scholem). Benjamin's distinction between life and living is crucial for his critique of pacifism and for his shift in perspective: he moves the focus from the victim to the one committing murder, but whose violent act just might bring justice

    „Razumevanje otvara široko polje mogućnosti...“. Duhovne i pedagoške nauke u funkcionalizovanom svetu

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    Ausgehend vom Verstehenskonzept Wilhelm Diltheys werden die Modalitäten der Ausbildung von Kompetenzen innerhalb der Erfahrung der reflexiven Bildung thematisiert. Im Sinne des neuzeitlichen Wissenschaftsbegriffs wird die Rolle der Wissenschaften als Instanz möglicher Realwerte (Optionswerte) bestimmt, wobei den Geisteswissenschaften eine horizonteröffnende Funktion bezüglich der Sinnoptionen zugeschrieben wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf die Infragestellung dieses Ermöglichungscharakters der Geistes- und Erziehungswissenschaften durch die Kommerzialisierung des universitären Lehr- und Forschungsbetriebs hingewiesen. Diese setzt eine Entwicklung in Gang, die auf den funktionalisierungsbedingten Verlust der konstruktiven Rolle der genannten Wissenschaften bei der Entwicklung von Kompetenzen hinausläuft.Starting from Wilhelm Dilthey’s concept of understanding, the article inquires into modes of forming competencies within the experience of reflexive education. In line with moder nity’s understanding of science, the text designates the role of sciences as instances of po ssible real values (of optional values), whereby the spiritual sciences are ascribed the role of giving meaning by broadening horizons. The article questions the ground that allows for spiritual and pedagogical sciences within the commercialization of university teaching and research activities. In all this, functionalization conducts a process leading to the weakening of the constructive role of these sciences in the formation of competencies.Polazeći od koncepta razumevanja Vilhelma Diltaja preispitaće se modaliteti formiranja kom petencija u okviru iskustva refleksivnog obrazovanja. U smislu novovekovnog pojma nauke, odrediće se uloga nauka kao instanci mogućih realnih vrednosti (opcionalne vrednosti), pri čemu se u pogledu smisaonih opcija duhovnim naukama pripisuje uloga otvaranja horizonata. U tom kontekstu, ukazuje se na dovođenje u pitanje karaktera omogućavanja duhovnih i pedagoških nauka usled komercijalizacije univerzitetskih nastavnih i istraživačkih aktivnosti. Funkcionalizacija pritom pokreće proces koji dovodi do gubitka konstruktivne uloge navedenih nauka prilikom formiranja kompetencij

    Deliberative Education and Quality of Deliberation: Toward a Critical Dialogue and Resolving Deep Disagreements

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    This paper consists of two main parts.1 First, I discuss the results of recent empirical research on deliberation in deeply divided societies and outline why the occurrence of deliberative transformative moments (DTM) in deliberative discussions offers significant reasons for optimism regarding the applicability of the fundamental ideas of deliberative democracy. I will examine the increase of positive DTMs and consider how the quality of deliberation could be increased. As we will see, efficient deliberation must strive for more than just its stated fundamental goals – a better understanding of how citizens rank their preferences and the views they defend during deliberative discussions. Attempting to show how that can be effectively accomplished, in the second part of the paper I will formulate an approach consisting of two elements: a descriptive measure of the quality of deliberation – the DQ index, and a normative standard that can help us build a framework for constructive critical discussion – Grice’s conversational maxims based on his cooperation principle, as well as his view of conversational implicatures. The ideal goal of such an endeavour, I will claim, is to show that deliberative education can help future voters achieve citizen emancipation by adopting Kant’s advice ‘dare to think’ and expanding it with the advice to ‘dare to be proven wrong on the strength of a better argument’

    Cultures of rejection in the Covid-19 crisis

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    This article offers a collectively developed analysis of the Covid-19 crisis as it relates to contemporary cultures of rejection, i.e. the socio-cultural conditions in which authoritarian and right-wing populist politics thrive, in Europe. We explore how the pandemic and its management reinforces, transforms and/or overrides existing antagonisms and institutes new ones in Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Germany and Sweden. We discuss how the Covid-19 crisis affects the rise of new statisms; gendered patterns of social reproduction; mobility and migration; digital infrastructures; and new political mobilization

    Građanska neposlušnost

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    Emancipation and/or Education: Challenges and Frictions

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    Lažno obećanje nepristrasnosti algoritamskog odlučivanja

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    Digitalne tehnologije imaju sve veći uticaj na politiku u demokratijama i u autokratijama. Intenzivna upotreba tehnologije za nadzor stanovnika navele su autore da govore o informacionim autokratijama ili digitalnom autoritarizmu. U konsolidovanim demokratijama uočava se trend tehno-populizma, fuzije populističke politike i tehnokratskog odlučivanja. Pandemija Covid-19 dodatno je zaoštrila debatu o odnosu tehnologije i demokratije. Ipak, odnos digitalnih tehnologija i autokratizacije u hibridnim režimima ostaje nedovoljno istražen. Cilj ovog rada je da objasni ulogu algoritamskog odlučivanja u legitimizaciji vlasti u Srbiji, gde su uočljivi paralelni procesi autokratizacije i prioritetizacije tehnološkog razvoja i digitalizacije, posebno veštačke inteligencije. Donošenju odluka javnih funkcionera, u koje građani imaju veoma malo poverenja, izvršna vlast nudi algoritamsko odlučivanje kao alternativu. Međutim, kao što je izvršna vlast preuzimala kontrolu nad nezavisnim i regulatornim telima, čije bi odlučivanje trebalo da bude nepristrasno i izolovano od političkih uticaja, i procesi algoritamskog odlučivanja dizajniraju se tako da se ishodi mogu uskladiti sa političkim interesima vlasti. Načini kojim se osigurava pristrasnost odlučivanja ilustruju se kroz tri slučaja: dodeljivanje predmeta sudijama, prijavljivanje za kupovinu stanova pripadnika snaga bezbednosti i izbor nevladinih organizacija za procenu rizika od finansiranja terorizma. Rad se na kraju osvrće na perspektive algoritamskog odlučivanja u kontekstu demokratskog nazadovanja u regionu.Za izdavača: Dušan Pavlovi

    Possibility of non-institutional political participation within the non-responsive system of Serbia: The impact of (dis)trust and internal political efficiency

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    Polazeći od nalaza ranijih istraživanja čiji rezultati govore o nepoverenju građana i građanki Srbije u političke institucije i političke aktere, niskoj izlaznosti na izbore i generalnoj pasivizaciji i apatiji građanstva, autorke se bave razumevanjem vaninstitucionalne političke participacije u Srbiji. U radu se kreće od pretpostavke da navedeni indikatori koji upućuju na povlačenje građana i građanki Srbije iz političkog života ne moraju nužno predstavljati deo istog fenomena. Naime, autorke smatraju da je nužno razlikovati pretpostavke institucionalne i vaninstitucionalne građanske participacije. Sa jedne strane, autorke polaze od teze da visoko poverenje u institucije zapravo može negativno uticati na potrebu građanstva da se mobiliše kako bi ostvarili uticaj na institucije. Istovremeno, građanstvo može biti sklono učestvovanju u političkom životu kroz vaninstitucionalne kanale, ukoliko poseduje razvijen osećaj interne političke efikasnosti, koji ne mora biti u vezi sa responsivnošću političkog sistema

    Изборни систем као препрека на даљем путу Србије ка демократији

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    Аутор аргументује да је пропорционални систем са затвореним листама и целом земљом као једном изборном јединицом, у употреби у Србији од 2000. године, испунио своју историјску сврху, те више није подесан за актуелни друштвени и политички контекст. Аутор сматра да овај систем производи низ негативних ефеката који утичу на детериорацију идентификованих демократских вредности. Рад је структурисан тако да представи историјску генезу актуелног изборног система, идентификује кључне демократске вредности и критеријуме истакнуте како у академској теорији, тако и у политичкој пракси, и, на крају - да анализира негативне последице пропорционалног система, са посебним освртом на ефекат на идентификоване критеријуме демократије

    A Critical Appraisal of the Venice Principles on the Protection and Promotion of the Ombudsman: An Equivalent to the Paris Principles?

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    This article offers a detailed critical appraisal of the Venice Principles on the Protection and Promotion of the Ombudsman, adopted in 2019 by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe. It praises them for being the most comprehensive set of constitutional and legal principles relating to ombudsman to date, drafted to be applicable to different legal and political systems. However, the article finds that such adaptability also resulted in some trade-offs and came at the expense of conceptual clarity of some of the principles. Despite that, the Venice Principles present a more complete document than the Paris Principles on National Human Rights Institutions, with better internal logic and consistency when it comes to ombudsman’s issues. The article concludes that ombudsman institutions fully in line with the Venice Principles would, ipso facto, reach a normative threshold for the compliance with the Paris Principles

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