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Inequality In Serbia – Is It Caused by The Tax System?
No full textEurostat SILC data shows that income inequality in Serbia is among the highest in Europe. The Gini coefficient, which stood at 35.6% in Serbia in 2018, was 4.8 pp higher than the EU average and 14.7 pp higher than the lowest Gini value recorded in Slovakia. This article analyses possible causes of high income inequality since credible identification of inequality drivers is a crucial precondition for adopting proper remedies. Some authors in the literature (Arandarenko, 2018; Krstić and Žarković Rakić, 2017) suggest that high inequality is caused by inadequate social and tax policies. To the contrary, our article argues that such conclusions are based on incomplete analysis and that the tax system cannot be a dominant driver of high inequality in Serbia. It is instructive to note that both Serbia, a country with high inequality, and Slovakia with the lowest level of income inequality in Europe feature similar tax system characterized by the absence of progressive tax rates on personal income, the so called flat tax systems. Thus, in order to analyse the effects on inequality reduction, we simulate a hypothetical replacement of the Serbian system of taxes and contributions on wages with the Slovakian one. Slovakian system would reduce income inequality in Serbia by 1.6 pp due to higher personal allowance, generous tax credits for dependent household members and progressive structure of health insurance contributions. The results of our simulation indicate that a potential tax reform in line with the Slovakian system would be welcomed from the standpoint of reducing inequality. However, the implied reduction in inequality of 1.6 pp is modest relative to the existing inequality gap with Slovakia and other EU member states, which suggests that the existing tax system cannot be a dominant cause of high income inequality in Serbia
At Home, at Mine (chez moi). Return to Oneself
No full textMy intention is to reconstruct three “relational notions”
(Popper) – house, homeland, and nostalgia – in order to
show the violent strategies that determine them and on
which they depend. Nostalgia and the idea of returning
to “oneself ”, along with various protocols of affirmation
of identity, birth, and dwelling, imply interruption of
war and violence while also allowing for their possibil ity and renewal. The text affirms Clausewitz’s notion of
friction and reveals its potential for any possible theory
of peace
Нечија или „општенародна“ пацијенткиња: значај друштвеног положаја и неформалних односа приликом порођаја у Србији
No full textAnthropological research on post-socialism points to the need for informal relations when navigating social and health care systems, while feminist research on childbirth points out the negative consequences of the dominant medicalized model of childbirth on women’s experience. This paper combines these two types of research and points to the role of informal relations in negotiating childbirth in Serbia and the role of peoples social positioning influencing the possibilities of using these relations. Based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork on the practices of providing maternal health care in Serbia, the aim of this paper is to show how a woman's social position affects her ability to establish a relationship within the state health care system, and to reconsider the claim that informal relationships can protect women from interventionism during childbirth in Serbia. Using informal relations (veze) in order to have your doctor during childbirth is a key concern for women in Serbia. Informal relations transform women from (no)bodies into somebodies, someone’s patient. Women of poorer economic status, women from rural areas, and often women of Roma ethnic origin have limited opportunities to establish informal relations in state maternity hospitals. Informal relations do not fully protect women from interventions but affect the type and timing of interventions.Антрополошка истраживања постсоцијализма указују на неопходност стварања
неформалног односа (везе) за навигирање кроз системе социјалне и здравствене
заштите, док феминистичка истраживања порођаја указују на негативне последице
доминантног медикализованог модела рађања на порођајно искуство жена који
одликује технократски и отуђујући приступ према женама. Овај рад спаја ова два вида
истраживања и указује на улогу неформалних односа, веза, приликом преговарања
порођаја у Србији, али и на значај друштвене позиције људи утичу на могућности
коришћења везе. Заснован на осамнаесто-месечном етнографском раду о праксама
пружања здравствене неге трудницама и породиљама, овај ради има за циљ да укаже
како друштвени положај жене утиче на њену способност да успостави везу унутар
система државне здравствене заштите, али и да преиспита тврдњу да везе могу да
заштите жену од интервенционизма приликом порођаја у Србији. Имати свог лекара
„преко везе“ спада у корпус основних брига жена у Србији када се приближи време за
порођај. Ако има успеха у овом подухвату, трудница се претвара из ничије, то јест,
„општенародне“ пацијенткиње у нечију пацијенткињу. Жене лошијег економског
стања, жене из руралних средина и често жене ромског етничког порекла имају
ограничене могућности остварења везе у државним породилиштима. Везе не успевају
у потпуности да заштите жене од интервенција, већ утичу на врсту и време
спровођења интервенција
Toward a Comprehensive Concept of Trust
No full textU ovom radu ću razmotriti fenomen poverenja iz dva ugla. Prvi deo rada će se ticati empirijskih pristupa u istraživanju poverenja. Ukrat-ko ću razmotriti pet aktuelnih debata o prednostima i manama razli-čitih empirijskih pristupa, da bih zatim ukazao na to da svaka od njih zahteva preciznije određenje poverenja. U drugom delu rada, poći ću od trenutno dominantne debate između onih koji poverenje izjedna-čavaju sa ponašanjem i onih koji ga izjednačavaju sa očekivanjem. Govoriću o problemima oba ova pristupa, kao i o tezi da je poverenje crta ličnosti. Iako svaka od ponuđenih opcija ima svoje dobre strane, poverenje je, pokušaću da pokažem, suviše kompleksan fenomen da bi se odredilo na tako jednostavan način. Rad završavam obuhvat-nom definicijom poverenja koja uključuje i neke od pomenutih ele-menata, ali i druge značajne aspekte tog fenomena, i za koju se na-dam da može da posluži kao polazna tačka u formulisanju budućih empirijskih istraživanja.In this paper I will approach the phenomenon of trust from two angles. The first part of the paper will deal with empirical research of trust. I will outline five ongoing de-bates regarding the pros and cons of different types of such research, and subsequent-ly point out that each side in these debates requires a more precise definition of trust. In the second part of the paper, I will start with the currently prevalent debate between those who equate trust with behaviour and those who define it as an expectation. I will talk about the problems of both these approaches, and also about the thesis that trust is a character trait. Although each of these options has its own merits, I will try to show that trust is a phenomenon that is too complex for any simple or straightfor-ward definition. I conclude the paper by providing a comprehensive definition of trust, which includes some of the mentioned elements, but also several other significant aspects of the phenomenon, and which I hope can serve as a starting point in formu-lating future empirical research
Od predanosti do posvećenosti: ka kritičkoj ontologiji angažmana
No full textThis article approaches the notion of engagement from the perspective of critical ontology. With language as the starting point of its hermeneutic task, it commences with an etymological analyses of diverse Indo-European words gravitating around the semantic field of the notion of engagement. From these introductory insights obtained by an exercise in comparative linguistics, devotion and commitment are mapped as two opposite, yet inseparable, modes of being of engagement. Both of these modes seem to condition engagement in an ontologically disparate manner. While examining their fundamental structures, some of the canonical concepts of history of philosophy such as being, existence, subjectivity, or world – and also some of its constitutive binary oppositions such as body/mind, individual/collective, transcendence/immanence, light/darkness and sacred/secular – will be reconsidered through the prism of different ontological dispositions that devotion and commitment impose respectively on engagement. The overall aim of this investigation is to bring forth the main existential characteristics of being-engaged, by interpreting the roles of who, where, and what of engagement, and in order to provide a fundamental conceptual apparatus for a critical ontology of engagement.Ovaj članak prilazi pojmu angažmana iz perspektive kritičke ontologije. Sa jezikom kao po-lazišnom tačkom svog hermeneutičkog zadatka, on započinje etimološkom analizom različi-tih indoevropskih reči koje gravitiraju oko semantičkog polja pojma angažmana. Iz ovih uvod-nih nalaza stečenih kroz jednu vežbu u komparativnoj lingvistici, predanost [devotion] i posvećenost [commitment] su mapirani kao dva suprotstavljena, ali pak nerazdvojiva, modusa bivstvovanja angažmana. Ispostaviće se da ova dva modusa uslovljavaju angažman na onto-loški različite načine. Tokom ispitivanja njihovih fundamentalnih struktura, neki od kanonskih koncepata istorije filozofije, kao što su biće, egzistencija, subjektivnost ili svet – ali takođe i neke od njenih konstitutivnih binarnih opozicija kao što se telo/duh, individua/kolektiv, transcendencija/imanencija, svetlo/tama i duhovno/svetovno – biće preispitane kroz prizmu različitih ontoloških dispozicija koje predanost i posvećenost, svaka na svoj način, nameću angažmanu. Opšti cilj ovog istraživanja je isticanje glavnih egzitencijalnih karakteristika bi-vanja-angažovanim, interpretirajući tako uloge koga, čega i gde angažmana, s idejom predsta-vljanja jednog bazičnog konceptualnog aparata kritičke ontologije angažmana
Heritage Sites Vs. Construction Sites – Belgrade’s Ušće
No full textThe paper explores sensitive relation between built heritage and modernisation in the urban context. Heritage reflects the past, but it is now widely accepted to be inherently present-orientated and political, because decisions concerning which parts of the past should be protected and in what way, play a key role in how groups portray their peoples’ history, shared identity and collective memory to the outside world.
The focus of the analysis is on the area around the confluence of two international rivers – the Sava and the Danube – in Belgrade, locally called Ušće, which was a strategic point for the city’s birth and development on the account of its topographical and natural features. Once again in Belgrade’s history, this area is in the centre of attention, this time as the main location of the ongoing process of Belgrade`s radical urban change/development.
Impossible to separate from heritage, the term landscape will be explored in the context of Ušće, as it refers to a complex and fluid concept, which perfectly depicts the relation between physical environment and cultural and social meanings of a certain place. Hence, the tools and processes of identification, conservation and management of both extraordinary heritage and ordinary landscape are growing ever closer (Council of Europe, 2000)
Participacija
No full textParticipacija podrazumeva učestvovanje građana u političkim procesima od važnosti za širu zajednicu. U političkoj teoriji je još od antičkih korena postojalo uverenje da je građanska participacija dobra za društvo. Široko učešće građana u javnim poslovima uglavnom se smatralo esencijalnim za demokratiju, iako je postojala i struja koja je težila da ograniči ili minimizira participaciju, dok i danas postoje gledišta da je dovoljno ili čak i bolje da neki građani povremeno glasaju. Ipak, sve manje učešće građana u političkim procesima u demokratskim društvima uglavnom se posmatra sa zabrinutošću i predmet je duge debate o mogućim uzrocima i posledicama.Leksikografska jedinic
Otpor
No full textOtpor je dinamičko načelo u mehanici koje se u društvenoj ravni metaforično upotrebljava da opisuje pojavu izdržavanja ili suprotstavljanja sili, moći, ali onoj koja se doživljava kao nepoželjna. Motiviše ga obično određena vizija kvaliteta života, a podrazumeva suočavanje sa promenama i novim okolnostima. Uspeh otpora je uvek neizvestan, jer je i sama moć neizvesna, promenjiva i difuzna
Odnosi Srbije i Vojvodine u poslednjoj deceniji Jugoslavije
No full textNemirenje centalnih vlasti u Srbiji sa pokrajinskim autonomijama bilo je konstanta koja se manje ili više otvoreno iskazivala u političkom životu socijalističke Jugoslavije i generisala nezadovoljstvo srpske političke i intelektualne elite stanjem u federaciji. Ipak, Titov autoritet i ustavna obaveza saveznih institucija da štite pokrajinske autonomije nisu dovodile u pitanje federalističke koncepcije druge Jugoslavije. Međutim, ubrzo nakon odlaska jugoslovenskog predsednika sa životne i političke scene, politička elita Srbije je krenula otvoreno da dovodi u pitanje pokrajinske autonomije, koriseti široko generisano nezadovoljstvo zbog situacije na Kosovu. Demonstracije u južnoj pokrajini 1981. iskorišćene su kao povod za vršenje pritiska iz Srbije na pokrajine, ali i savezni vrh, u cilju promene statusa dve autonomne jedinice