International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Role of Psychological Well-being and Job Satisfaction in Predicting Marital Adjustment among Female Students
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Marital adjustment is a complex phenomenon and is affected by various internal and external factors. Psychological well-being plays a significant role in the well-being of marital relationships. In contrast, social interactions and career circumstances also affect marital adjustment. However, the threefold relationship between psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and marital adjustment has not been studied to this date. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted from May to August 2018. In this regard, 141 married female students were selected by voluntary sampling method by call and entered the study process after fulfilling the necessary criteria. The demographic checklist, the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Ryff scale psychological wellbeing Questionnaire, and the Overall Job Satisfaction- Brayfield and Rothe Questionnaire were completed by participants. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that psychological well-being and its subscales include autonomy, environment mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, positive relations with others and self-acceptance are a significant predictor of marital adjustment (all p’s <0.01). Findings also showed that job satisfaction has predicted marital adjustment in students (p <0.01, β = 0.246). Also, a significant relationship was observed between the two indices of psychological well-being and job satisfaction (p <0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the significant role of psychological well-being and job satisfaction in explaining marital adjustment. These findings can be associated with clinical applications in the integration of preventive and therapeutic interventions in organizational and family therapy settings
Principles of Therapeutic Discourse of Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Opening conversations in psychotherapy discourse is very sensitive. Therefore, identifying the principles of how opening conversations in such discourses is extremely important. The present study uses the conversation analysis approach to find the principles of opening conversation in the therapeutic discourse of treatment sessions for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach.
Materials and Methods:The method used in this research is based on the logic of qualitative research. The corpus used in this study included 2520 minutes of conversation in psychotherapy sessions. Participants in this study were selected from both sexes. To analyze the data, methods of conversation analysis, word counting and finding keywords in the text have been used. Also, ATLAS ti. Computer software has been used to construct and present the verbal pattern.
Results:The results of data analysis show that opening conversation pattern in psychotherapy sessions consists of five stages of which only the “Identification-recognition sequence” is used in the initial treatment sessions and the rest is used in all sessions. Psychologists have opened conversations in all psychotherapy sessions.It takes about 5 to 10 minutes to open a conversation.
Conclusion:The abundance of data also shows that when using the general pattern of conversation initiation sequence, there was no verbal difference between psychotherapists and male and female clients, and all behaved according to the rules governing psychotherapy sessions. This confirms the high sensitivity of the type of approach to clients and how to begin to communicate in conversations related to therapeutic discourse
The Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Improving the Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Solution-Focused Therapy on Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis
No full textBackground and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its psychological symptoms and effects, including reduced quality of life, have a huge impact on various aspects of the patients’ life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on improving the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Materials and Methods: In a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group, 36 patients with multiple sclerosis that referred to the M.S Clinic in Ghaem Hospital and MS society of Khorasan-Razavi in Mashhad were selected using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. The treatment group received the seven 2-h sessions of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). Data were collected at pre-test and post-test with the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Tool (MSQOL-54). The analysis of covariance was used for analyzing of the data by SPSS-21.
Results: The findings showed that the SFBT has a significant impact on the quality of life (F=11.92, P=0.002, Eta2=0.26) and its components (F=31, P=0.001, Eta2= 0.70) in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Conclusion: The SFBT is an effective therapeutic approach to improve the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. In fact, solution-focused therapy improves quality of life indicators in MS as a concise and evidence-based intervention. Although these results are promising, they require further and more comprehensive study of the effectiveness of such interventions in neuropsychological disorders.
Keywords: Brief psychotherapy, Quality of life, Autoimmune disease, Multiple Sclerosi
Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment and mindfulness therapy on increasing psychological well-being and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes
No full textBackground and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and complex disease that requires constant medical and psychological care. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment and mindfulness therapy on increasing psychological well-being and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included men with type 2 diabetes and overweight in Tehran in 2021. 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three equal groups, including experimental group A (under acceptance and commitment therapy), experimental group B (under mindfulness therapy), and control group (without intervention). Data collection tools in this study were Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1989), and calculation of BMI for weight control. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of psychological well-being and weight control of the acceptance and commitment therapy group and the control group (p <0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the scores of psychological well-being and weight control of the mindfulness therapy group and the control group (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that both therapies, especially the therapy based on acceptance and commitment, are effective methods in reducing the psychological and physical problems of patients with type 2 diabetes
The Relationship between Stress Coping Styles and Pain Perception in MS Patients during the Coronavirus Outbreak: The Mediation Role of Resilience
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress coping styles and pain perception of MS patients during the coronavirus outbreak with the mediating role of resilience. The coronavirus outbreak and its rapid global spread have created unprecedented challenges for health care systems, and patients with MS were no exception to these problems.
Materials and Methods:The research method was correlational using the path analysis method. The statistical population included all patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) referred to the MS Research Center of SINA Hospital in Tehran in 2020-2021. A total of 300 people were selected as the research sample through the purposive sampling method. The results were analyzed using path analysis with Amos software.
Results:The results showed a negative and significant relationship between stress coping styles and pain perception of MS patients during the coronavirus outbreak. The results showed that resilience had a moderating role in the relationship between stress coping styles and pain perception of patients with MS during the coronavirus outbreak (P<0.01).
Conclusion:Resilience regulates pain management and perception in MS patients by moderating and reducing tension. Therefore, it seems that it can reduce the pain perception during the coronavirus outbreak by reducing and adjusting coping styles against stress related to COVID-19. Instead of directly confronting the source of stress and dealing with its various aspects by ignoring and considering the issue unimportant, patients can significantly reduce their anxiety
The Role of Voluntary Function in Predicting Addiction Potential: A Survey on Iranian Red Crescent Societies
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Considering Voluntary Function, the purpose of the present study was to predictthe addiction potential among some members of the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS).Materials and Methods:The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all members of the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS). The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling, in which 620 active volunteers of the IRCS from 31 province and 175 cities of Iran (48.7% female and 50.1 Male mean age 23.27±3.32, range 14–31 years)were selected for this research.The research data was collected using theIranian Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS) and Voluntary Function Inventory (VFI).
Results:Findings proved that there was a negative significant correlation between the AP and all measurements of VF such as protective enhancement, understanding, career, values, and motives; meaning that the more time youth spent on participating in voluntary activities, the less likely they sought to resort to misusing AP. Findings of the multiple regression has proved that volunteerism could predict 15% of changes in the AP as a criterion variable.Conclusion:Voluntary function can increase happiness, mental health, expand interpersonal relationships and social networking, self-esteem and social skills in individuals. These skills can reduce the high-risk behaviors, including addiction. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this valuable factors in preventive programs
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapyon the Psychological Capital of Couples Seeking Divorce
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapyas one of the approaches to counseling and family therapy, is an effective way to solve many psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapyon the psychological capital of couples seeking divorce referred to Gorgan Social Emergency Department.
Materials and Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. In this study, 40 couples seeking divorce were selected from the couples who referred to the Gorgan Social Emergency Center in the autumn and winter of 2018. Subjects were divided into two groups of 20 experimental and control. The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral training in 9 sessions, while the control group did not receive this training. The research tool was Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-23 software.
Results:The results showed that cognitive-behavioral Therapy led to an increase in psychological capital and its components (P> 0.0001).
Conclusion:Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy effectively increased Psychological Capital because of their emphasis on different psychological aspects. On the other hand, cognitive-behavioral therapy through enhancing social interactions, positive emotions, hope training and optimism increased Psychological Capital
The Effectiveness of Forgiveness Therapy on Metacognition and Self-Restraint among Female Adolescents with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy on state metacognition and self-restraint of female adolescents with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD).
Materials and Methods:The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population of this study were all students with symptoms of disruptive mood dysregulation disorderin the first and second grades of high school in the age range of 14-17 years in schools of Baharestan,Tehran. 35 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Emotional ResponseScale, Self-Restraint Questionnaire, and State Metacognition Questionnaire. The subjects of the experimental group received 15 sessions of forgiveness therapy while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis.
Results:The results of data analysis showed that the experimental group compared with the control group in the variables of state metacognition and self-restraint and their components had a significant increase (P<0.05).
Conclusion:According to the findings of the study, forgiveness therapy can be used to increase self-restraint and state metacognition in students withdisruptive mood dysregulation disorde
Effects of Changes in Sleep Rhythm on Cognitive Functions in Clinical Residents: Shifts and Residents’ cognitive functions
No full textBackground and Aim:Adequate sleep is considered as one of the physiological needs of human beings. In addition to adverse effects on physical and mental health, inadequate sleep can affect cognitive functions as well. Since night shifts are part of the main tasks of most clinical residents and are followed by changes in their sleep rhythm, this study investigated the changes in cognitive functioning of clinical residents following night shift work.
Materials and Methods:Thisdescriptive-correlational study was conducted by convenient sampling method. So, 104 clinical residents were selected from seven different clinical specialties at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals. In order to investigate the cognitive function of the residents, the Demographic Questionnaire and Cognitive AbilitiesQuestionnaire were used in the beginning and end of the shifts. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests such as the Paired T-test, Wilcoxon, independent T-test, the Spearman and Mann-Whitney.
Results:According to statistical analysis, the mean score of memory scale at the end of the shift work was significantly different between different specialties (P<0.05). The difference in memory score changes at the end of the shift, compared to the beginning of the shift, in non-surgical specialties was significant (P<0.05). It was also found that a significant relationship existed between the overnight sleep in the shift and the memory scale at the end of the shift (P<0.05).
Conclusion:In this study, findings showed that night shift in various parameters, such as inadequate and inappropriate sleep, has caused changes in some cognitive function scales in different academic years and different clinical specialties. Differences in workload, job stress level, coping mechanisms and responsibility level could be the main reasons for these differences in different academic years and clinical specialties
Quality of Life Model Based on Perceived Stress and Distress Tolerance of the Elderly in Ilam with the Mediating Role of Hope: quality of life association with perceived stress and distress tolerance
No full textBackground and Aim:Quality of life is an important concept in a successful elderly life, therefore the aim of this study was to examine the quality of life modeling based on perceived stress and distress tolerance of the elderly in Ilam with the mediating role of hope.Materials and Methods:This applicable study was conducted through a descriptive-structural equation modeling. Statistical population were elderly people of Ilam city during 2020 (N=9496). The sample size was estimated to be 384 cases using Power-G software. The samples were selected through available sampling method. Participants evaluated by standard quality of life questionnaires of the World Health Organization, Cohen Perceived Stress, Distress Tolerance Scale of Simons and Goher and the Schneider Hope Scale. Data analyzed in SPSS25 and Amos 8 software.Results:The results revealed a significant relationship between perceived stress, distress tolerance, and hope with the quality of life of the elderly in Ilam city. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between perceived stress and distress tolerance with hope. The results of structural equation model showed that hope has a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life with distress tolerance and perceived stress. Perceived stress and distress tolerance showed a total, direct, and indirect effects on hope and quality of life.Conclusion:This finding shows that the relationship between stress and distress tolerance with quality of life is not simple and linear. Factors such as hope can affect this relationship