International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Therapy on Cognitive Disturbance, Function, and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation among Adolescents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Due to the high prevalence of emotional and cognitive problems among adolescents, paying attention to the emotional and cognitive problems of this population seems to be a necessity of society. Lack of paying attention to these problems leads to the persistence of these disorders in adulthood, therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ERT based on the Gross model on adolescents.
Materials and Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental research design involving 30 adolescents suffering from emotional problems. The used instruments included questionnaires of difficulty in emotion regulation, cognitive disturbance, and the Tower of London test. The assessment was performed in two stages including pre-test and post-test. SPSS-24 and one-way analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.
Results:The results of one-way analysis of covariance showed that ERT was able to significantly improve the target variables of difficulty in emotion regulation, cognitive disturbance, and the Tower of London test.
Conclusion:It seems that using ERT based on the Gross model can improve the emotional problems of adolescents and prevent the occurrence of these problems among these people in adulthood
Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Health Promoting Behaviors and Quality of Life among Infertile Women: Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on Health Promotion Behaviors and Quality of Life in infertile women
No full textBackground and Aim:Infertility, as a cause of psychological stress, can lead to a crisis in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of planned behavior training on health-promoting behaviors and the quality of life of infertile women.
Materials and Methods:This was a semi-experimental study with pretest, post-test, and follow-up designs and a control group. The statistical population included 30 infertile women selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 6 sessions of 90 minutes of the theory of planned behavior training. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile and WHOQOL-BREF quality of life were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA using SPSS-22.
Results:The results showed that the theory of planned behavior training significantly improves health-promoting behaviors (P<0.001) and quality of life (P<0.0001) in infertile women.
Conclusion:It can be concluded that the theory of planned behavior training can improve health-promoting behaviors and quality of life in infertile women by changing their attitudes and cognition
Predicting the Quality of Life in Infertile Women Based on Alexithymia and Spiritual health with The Mediating Role of Loneliness
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Infertility is defined as the absence of pregnancy after one year of adequate and regular intercourse. It is both an individual and social problem that can expose individuals to various psychological and social pressures. The present study was an attempt to predict health-related quality of life in infertile women based on mood and spiritual health and considering the mediating role of feelings of loneliness.
Materials and Methods:The study followed a descriptive (non-experimental) method with correlation and structural equations design. Participants were 348 infertile women in the age range of 18-43 years living in Tehran who referred to the infertility clinics and centers in Tehran during 2020. Research tools included standard questionnaires and scales delving into the quality of life, alexithymia, social and emotional loneliness, and spiritual health of the participants of the study. Data analysis was performed using SmartPLS software.
Results:The intensity of the effect of alexithymia on health-related quality of life mediated by loneliness was 0.0962 and the intensity of the effect of spiritual health on health-related quality of life mediated by loneliness was 0.1602. Results also showed that the role of loneliness was partial mediation in the sense that mood and spiritual health involved both directly and indirectly, through the feeling of loneliness, in health-related quality of life in infertile women.
Conclusion:it can be concluded that alexithymia and spiritual health are the most important predictors of health-related quality of life in women with infertility and the mediating role of loneliness in this relationship signified the importance of this practical concept.
The Effectiveness of Couples' Relationship Enrichment Training with Emotion-Focused Approach on Fear of Intimacy and Insecure Attachment Styles
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Marital infidelity is a traumatic interpersonal issue that can lead to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms in the victim. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of couples' relationship enrichment training with the EFT, emotion-focused approach on fear of intimacy and insecure attachment styles among couples faced with spousal infidelity.
Materials and Methods:The method of the study was a semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, control group and with the follow-up phase. The statistical population of this study was all men and women faced with spousal infidelity in Tehran in 2019-2020.Throughconvenience sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group by training couples' relationship enrichment with an emotion-focused approach and a control group. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of training to enrich couples' relationships with an emotion-focused approach and the control group stayed on the waiting list. Data were collected based on an attachment styles questionnaire and fear of intimacy questionnaire. Multivariate covariance analysis test was used to eliminate the effect of pre-test using SPSS software.
Results:The results showed that emotion-focused training affected the scores of insecure attachment styles (P<0.01) and fear of intimacy (P<0.01). The results also showed that the method of training was to enrich couples' relationships with an emotion-focused approach in the follow-up phase.
Conclusion:It can be concluded that the intervention on training couples' relationship enrichment focused on the emotion-focused approach is an effective model in women and men affected by spousal infidelity and can be used as one of the therapeutic or educational methods in couple therapy program
Impulsive/compulsive sexual behaviors; Model fit test
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior. The aim of this study was to standardize the Impulsive-compulsive Sexual Behaviors (ICSB) Questionnaire and to present and test an experimental model to explain impulsive-compulsive sexual behaviors.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 257 individuals who referred to counseling centers in Tehran with complaints of sexual hyperactivity, sexual addiction and high-risk sexual behaviors. The Compulsive-Impulsive Sexual Behavior Questionnaire, the Persian version of Jackson-5 Scales Questionnaire, Attachment Style Questionnaire, Marital Intimacy Scale, Hulbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness (HISA) Questionnaire, Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale, and Emotion and Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used in this study. Using LISREL software, structural equation method was used to test the model and using SPSS statistical software, exploratory factor analysis was performed to standardize the questionnaire.
Results: The research findings showed that, among the three components of personality: BAS (SC=-0.109), BIS (SC: -0.357) and FFFS (SC=0.617), have a direct effect on secure attachment style. BIS SC: (0.2) and FFFS (SC=0.219) have a direct effect on the avoidant attachment style. The FFFS (SC=0.416) has a direct effect on anxious attachment style. Among the attachment styles, avoidant style (SC=-0.135) and anxious style (SC=-0.415) have a direct effect on emotion regulation. Sexual motivation (SC=0.174) on intimacy, (SC=0.386) on sexual knowledge and attitude, (SC=-0.225) on the emotion regulation and (SC=-0.405) on ICSBs, had a direct effect. There was a direct effect between intimacy (SC=0.291) on emotion regulation and (SC=-0.207) on ICSBs. There was a direct effect between intimacy, (SC=0.291) on emotion regulation and (SC=-0.207) on ICSBs. Also there was a direct effect between sexual knowledge and attitude (SC=-0.616) on ICSBs. Regulating emotion does not affect ICSBs.
Conclusion: The proposed model can explain the relationships between the occurrence of CISBs and ten effective factors (directly and indirectly) including: personality (BAS, BI S, FFFS), attachment style (secure, avoidant, Anxious), sexual motivation, intimacy, knowledge, and sexual attitude and emotion regulation
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Yoga Training Based on Mindfulness and Self-Management on Anxiety Symptomsin Adolescents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Adolescence is one of the most important and at the same time the most stressful and traumatic stages of individuals’ lives. Most of them may experience anxiety during this period. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of yoga training based on mindfulness and self-management on anxiety in adolescents.
Materials and Methods:This experimental study was a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all the female high school studentsin Karaj city in 2018-2019 academic year. 45 students were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15 students) and control (15 students). The experimental groups underwent approach yoga training based on mindfulness (12 sessions 90 minutes) and self-management training (12 sessions 90 minutes): but the control group received no training.To collect data Beck anxiety inventory of Beck, Epstein, Brown, and Steer (1988). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni).
Results:The results showed that yoga training based on mindfulness and self-management was effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms in adolescents (P<0.001). The results also showed that the effect of both treatments was lasting until the follow-up stage(P<0.01).
Conclusion:It can be concluded that self-management training has more effectiveness in reducing anxiety. Self-management education has helped to reduce students' anxiety by regulating emotions and managing stress and yoga-based mindfulness training by reducing impulses and stressors through relaxation
The role of adverse childhood experiences and attachment style in predicting pain perception in women with breast cancer; the mediating role of perceived social support
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among diseases which is the leading cause of death in women with more than two million deaths per year. Pain in cancer patients has a complex relationship with adverse childhood experiences, attachment and social support, the multiple relationships of which has not been studied to date. The present study was conducted aimed to investigate the multiple dimensions of this relationship.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study in the form of a structural equation modeling, during the period from July to September 2021, 360 participants diagnosed with breast cancer who referred to three chemotherapy centers in Tehran were selected using purposeful sampling method and entered into the study process after obtaining informed consent and fulfilling the assumed criteria. Four indicators of adverse childhood experiences, attachment style, pain, and perceived social support were completed by participants over a period of time. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software version 25.
Results: Data analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences mediated by perceived social support was associated with the perception of pain in women with breast cancer (P<0.05). But the relationship between avoidant (β = 0.015), safe (β = -0.023) and ambivalent (β = 0.026) attachment styles with pain perception was not significant and attachment styles through perceived social support could not have a significant effect on pain perception (P >0.05).
Conclusion: some parts of the findings of this study, in line with the research background, indicate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and pain perception and highlight the role of perceived social support. However, the relationship between attachment styles and pain perception is a complex one that requires further study
The Effectiveness of Reality Therapy-Based Parenting Styles Training on Realism, Stress Tolerance and Self-Esteem of Anxious Mothers of Adolescents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Anxiety is one of the issues that humans have always been involved with over time and research suggests that 20 to 65 percent of mothers suffer from depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to determinethe effectiveness of reality therapy-based parenting styles training on realism, stress tolerance and self-esteem of anxious mothers of adolescents.
Materials and Methods:The present study was an applied and semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children aged 11-16 years in Babol in the first quarter of 2019. The sample consisted of 50 mothers with children aged 11-16 years in Babol who were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned to two groups of teaching reality therapy parenting methods (25) and control group (25 persons) using cluster sampling method. Data were collected using anxiety questionnaire, realism and stress tolerance scale and self-esteem questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS.22 software.
Results:The results showed that teaching reality therapy-based parenting methods was effective on realism, stress tolerance and self-esteem of anxious mothers (P<0.001).
Conclusion:It can be said that teaching parenting styles based on reality therapy emphasizes on creating and maintaining a good, intimate and satisfactory relationship between parents and children by applying relationship-linking behaviors and refraining from destructive behaviors of relationships
Designing Designing and Testing a Structural Model of the Relationship between Attachment Styles and the Dark Triad of Personality: The Mediating Role of Childhood Trauma
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The main objective of the current study was to investigate the role of attachment styles in dark triad of personality with the mediating role of childhood trauma among college students.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational (cross-sectional) study, 148 students (26 men and 122 women) who studied at the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology of Shahid Beheshti University in the 2019-2020 educational year, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, they answered Collins and Read's Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Standard Child Abuse Questionnaire in Iran and Dark Triad Questionnaire. The data obtained in this study, was analyzed through path analysis method using PLS and SPSS software.Results: The analysis of data indicated that anxious attachment style can predict Machiavellianism by the mediation of childhood trauma (p<0.05). Moreover, anxious attachment style was directly related to narcissism (p<0.05). Furthermore, findings demonstrated other direct paths including anxious attachment style to childhood trauma, childhood trauma to Machiavellianism and anxious attachment style to Machiavellianism (p<0.05).Conclusion: As a result, individuals with insecure anxious attachment style and high childhood trauma are more likely to be diagnosed with the dark triad of personality. Therefore, interventions based on repairing attachment styles and childhood trauma should be considered for psychotherapy and modifying dark triad of personality
The Effectiveness of Spiritually Multidimensional Psychotherapy (SMP) on Psychological Capital and Stress Symptoms of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Psychological stress often raises blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Psychological capital has a protective role and leads tothe healthy state of individuals.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy (SMP) group training on psychological capitaland stress symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods:The research was semi-experimental research with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all patients with diabetes covered by the Mashhad Diabetes Foundation. From this group, 60 people were selected by network method or snowball and were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy group training in 12 sessions of 90 minutes weekly. Before and after the intervention, a stress symptoms questionnaire and psychological capital were performed in both experimental and control groups. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate covariance using SPSS.21 software.
Results:The findings revealed that spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy (SMP) had a significant effect on psychological capital (P<0.001) and stress symptoms (P<0.001). Likewise, this effect on the components of self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism was significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion:It can be concluded that spiritually multidimensional psychotherapy training can increase psychological capital and decrease stress symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes