International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Positive Parenting Program (3P) Can Reduce Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Mothers Who Have Children with ADHD
Get PDFIntroduction: Behavioral disorder is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders among children. It can affect the psychological and social functions of all members of the family. This study has been caring out with the aim of determining the effect of positive parenting program (3P) on depression, anxiety, and stress level of mothers who had children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Methods: The design of current study was a single group semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. Samples had been chosen with convenient sampling from mothers who had children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder referring to Andishe No clinic (Tehran/ Iran). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children confirmed by The Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R) and interview by a psychiatrist. Then, depression, anxiety, and stress level of 53 mothers had been investigated with DASS-21and 18 of them were chosen (6 mothers dropped out due to different reasons). Then, the group received Triple-p training for 8 weekly sessions each lasted 120 minutes and 12 mothers were retested after finishing the sessions. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using paired sample T-test in SPSS 21 software.Results: The results indicated significantly lower levels of depression (p<0.001), anxiety, and stress (p<0.05) in the post test.Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that positive parenting program can effectively lead to prevention or decline secondary problems such as depression and anxiety disorders in mothers who have children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
The Effect of decreased General irritability oninfant's attention
Get PDFIntroduction: The dynamic interaction between mother and infant is one of the indicative factors of infants’ social and emotional development especially in stressful situations as cognitive evaluating.Methods: An experimental study was completed in 2010 in Tehran on a total of 40 infants (18 boys and 22girls) forming two alternative groups and varying in age of infancy (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months). We used a 60 second mute popular “Tom & Jerry” animation to compare the infants’ attention in the presence or absence of mothers’ lap. Changes in orientation time, duration of sustained attention, and the total look duration were measured in terms of eye movement and heart rate changes through pulse oximeter. Furthermore, infants’ presence of general irritability in both conditions was observed.Results: We found that infants in their mothers’ laps showed more length of total look duration and sustained attention and less amount of general irritability than those sitting on baby seats. However, we have found no significant differences in infants’ total look duration, sustained attention and general irritability across age. Moreover, no significant differences in infants’ orientation were found across two groups of infants’ positioning.Conclusion: Mother’s presence in the site can be considered as an external force of controlling for kids in doing their tasks thereby increasing their duration of focusing attention on the task.Declaration of Interest: None.Keywords: Infant positioning, Sustain attentio
Attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder in children with visualdiseases
Get PDFIntroduction:The purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problem in pre school-aged children with visual problem.Methods: In this expost facto study, which was selected via convenient sampling, 143 children ranging in age from 3-6 years that refer to optometry clinic for routine eye examination were evaluated.After complete ocular exams including evaluation of visual acuity with and without glasses, refraction with and without cycloplegic eye drops; we took written consent from parents, and obtained a detailed history of the children. One parent of each child completed the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale(CPRS).The CPRS scores of children with eye problem (30 cases) were compared with the normative sample (113 cases with normal eye exam) by t-test.We used ANOVA test to determine differences in outcomes between groups.Results: After complete ocular exams in order to diagnosis visual problems in 143 children 77 (54%) boys and 66(46%) girls that participated in our study with a mean age of 5.14 years (SD =3.64), 113 clients were normal, 23patients with refractive error and 7 child had amblyopia.Conclusion: Our results suggest that children ranging in age from 3to 6 years with eye problem have not a higher behavioral problem as measured by the CPRS than normal children.Declaration of Interest:None.Keywords: Disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity, Child, Eye diseases.[1]1. Ph.D student in Psychometric, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran.2. Professor of Psychiatry,Shahid Beheshti UniversityOf Medical Sciences Faculty of Rehabilitationsciences,Tehran, Iran.3. Associate professor of Psychiatry, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity of Medical Sciences.4. professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences ResearchCenter Shahed Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.Corresponding Author:ParvinDibajnia, ImamHossienSq. Damavand Ave. School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran Zipcode: 16169-13111Tel-fax: +98-21 -77561406Email: pdibaj @ gmail.co
Sensory processing in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and high-functioning autism
Get PDFIntroduction: We aimed to assess the status of sensory processing in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, high-functioning autism and typical peers.Methods: Participants in this study are children 7 to 10 years old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 30), autistic children with high cognitive function (n = 28) and 30 matched typical children. Parents of children in all the groups have completed the Dunn sensory profile questionnaire (SP).Results: The results of the present study showed that children in high-functioning autism and normal sensory processes act different. The autistic children differ in sensory seeking, emotional reactivity, low muscle tone and endurance, oral sensory sensitive, inattention and distractibility, poor sensory registration, sensory sensitivity, fine movement/perception. Children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder differ in seven factors of the nine factors. These factors were sensory seeking, emotional reactivity, low muscle tone and endurance, inattention and distractibility, poor sensory registration, sensory sensitivity, fine movement/perception.Conclusion: Different sensory processing function in these children may explain their abnormal behaviors. This sensory processing dysfunction affects on child's daily life in areas such as play, academic skills, peer relationships, and self-help activities. Therapists should consider the child's sensory processing functions when they set therapeutic planes.Declaration of Interest: None.Keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism high function, Sensory processing.[1]1. Occupational therapy Department, shahidbeheshtiuniversity of medical science.2. Occupational therapy Department, shahidbeheshtiuniversity of medical science.3. Cognitive neuro science, Occupational therapyDepartment, Iran University of medical science.4. Master of clinical psychologyCorresponding Author: Faezeh Dehghan, Email:Faezeh.dehghan@gmail
Temporary Marriage: Iranian Girls & Boys Attitudes Towards Mate Selection
Get PDFAbstractIntroduction: This paper compares preferences in mate selection criteria for permanent marriage and temporary marriage. Methods: The research population participants consisted of single persons in Tehran who were in the age range between “22 - 40” and being educated and having at least Diploma.In addition, they have not been diagnosed any of psychological problems.The samples available and interested in participating in the study included 122 (61 girls and 61 boys). The researcher set up a program that mate choice is a computer program written in the C programming language and is comprised of two parts; 1) Demographic characteristics of participants 2) Testing mate selection Inventory. Measures of central tendency and parameters of dispersion were used to describe the data. Binomial test, correlation test, the median difference distribution, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for inferred statistical. Results: The results showed that only 23% of participants (12% women and 45% men), agree with temporary marriage. The criteria of "education" and "loyalty" were more important in permanent marriage than the temporary marriage with amount of 0.551 and 0.912, respectively. “Pleasant mood” and “being obedient” had higher priority in temporary marriage than the permanent marriage. Conclusion: Our study showed that criteria for permanent and temporary marriage differ based on their relation's duration and its expectations. In fact, understanding of reasons for agreement and disagreement regarding temporary marriage, can provide a more accurate and expertise reference for reading possible in the Muslim world.Key words: mate selection criteria, short term mates, marriage, muslim culture.
ABO blood groups comparing obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression
Get PDFIntroduction: The history of studies on blood groups dates back to early 20th century. Studies have demonstrated that certain blood groups dictate tendencies toward physical or psychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to find out the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Methods: In this survey, descriptive study with convenient samples, male/female patients who attended our psychiatry clinics with OCD (n=200) and depression (n=201) diagnosis, were enrolled according to DSM IV-TR criteria. Group one included two hundred patients with OCD (41 male and 159 female; mean age: 32.86 years) and second group consisting of two hundred and one patients were used for ABO/Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigen typing.Results: The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in OCD and depression subjects were respectively as follow: 31% (29.9%) for group A, 21% (22.9%) for group B, 40% (36.8%1) for group O and 8% (10.5%) for group AB. Rh positivity was found in 87% (85.6%1) of patients. Also, According to the Iranian Red Cross (2004), blood groups in OCD and depressive group were not significantly different from the distribution in the total Iranian population (chi-square=1.87, DF=6, p=0.93).Conclusion: According to our results, there were no differences in ABO-Rh blood groups distribution among OCD and depressive patients and normal population.Declaration of Interest: None.[1]Keywords: ABO blood group type, Obsession, Compulsive, Behavior.1. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry,Centre for Behavioral Sciences Studies, Faculty ofRehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical Sciences.2. Master in Psychometry, Centre for BehavioralSciences Studies, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical SciencesCorresponding Author:ParvinDibajian, Tel-fax: +98-21 -7756140