International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Investigation of PsychometricProperties of Psychosomatic Complaints Scale among Individuals with Somatic Symptom Disorder
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Given the prevalence of somatic symptoms disorder among Iranians, the aim of this research is to evaluate and verify the psychometric characteristics of Takata and Sakata psychosomatic complaints scale among psychosomatic patients.
Materials and Methods:In this study 360 people who referred to the psychosomatics department of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran in 2022, as well as the patients referred by the physicians, psychiatrists and psychologists of medical centers were selected through convenience sampling method. Internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Also, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the factor structure. To ensure convergent validity, Goldberg general health scale (GHQ-28) was used and SPSS and Lisrel software were applied for analyzing data.
Results:The results of the Cronbach's alpha indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and its components. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.957. In the exploratory factor analysis, a "hyper stimulation" factor was extracted. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indicators of proposed model were confirmed (Chi-Square/df: 1.297, RMSEA: 0.029, SRMR: 0.031, CFI: 0.976, IFI: 0.976) and all paths were significant. Regarding the convergent validity, somatic symptoms component, anxiety, dysfunction in social action and function, and depression have a direct and significant relationship with psychosomatic problems.
Conclusion:The Persianversion of the takata and sakata psychosomatic complaints scale, is a reliable and valid tool for assessing of the severity of psychosomatic symptoms in Iranian psychosomatic patients
Comparison of Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis, Exposure and Response Prevention and Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Students' Academic Anxiety
Get PDFIntroduction: The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of three training courses including transactional analysis (TA), exposure and response prevention (ERP) and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on reducing academic anxiety among students in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a multi-lateral pretest-posttest with control group. Phillips Anxiety Test (1978) was used to measure the dependent variable, academic anxiety. In this research, 45 students who obtained higher score in academic anxiety test were subjected to three variables (educational methods) in three groups of 15 (experimental group) and 15 people were randomly selected for control group.
Results: The results showed significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of all groups except the control group on the level of anxiety (P <0.05). Also, the difference between the three experimental groups in all four components of academic anxiety (test anxiety, fear of assertiveness, lack of self-confidence and physiological reactions) was significant at P <0.05 level.
Discussion: TA, ERP and ISTDP training courses help to reduce students' academic anxiety
The Effectiveness of Emotion Efficacy Therapy on Entrapment and Guilt in Caregivers of the Patients with Dementia
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Considering the growth of the population and the consequent high growth rate of elderely individuals, there is a great need to attend and recognize the problems related to the physical and psychological health of patients with dementia and their caregivers. Therefore, the present study aimed to find the effect of emotion efficacy therapy on entrapment and guilt in caregivers of patients with dementia.Materials and Methods:It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population of the study included the caregivers of patients with dementia who were referred to neurology clinics in Isfahan in 2022, among whom 30 were selected by purposive sampling, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups each comprising 15 caregivers. The experimental group underwent eight sessions of 90-minute emotion efficacy therapy, and the control group was placed on the waiting list without intervention. The data were collected by Entrapment Scale and Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.Results:The results showed that emotion efficacy therapy significantly affected entrapment and guilt in caregivers of patients with dementia (p<0.05). Furthermore, the interaction of the effect of time and group membership was also significant for entrapment (internal, external), guilt (guilt about self-care, guilt about doing wrong by the care recipient, and guilt about not rising to the occasion as caregivers) except for the factor of guilt about having negative feelings towards other people and guilt about neglecting other relatives (p>0.05). It showed that the changes in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages were significant in each group. The level of difference between the groups in the entrapment was 37.4%, and it was 49.3% for the guilt.Conclusion:Emotion efficacy therapy affects and changes the stimuli and underlying factors, including ineffective beliefs and thoughts; as a result, it can be used to decrease the entrapment and the guilt in the caregivers of patients with dementia
The Role of Attachment Styles and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Predicting the Tendency to High-Risk Behaviors in Adolescents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:One of the most important predictors of adolescents' tendency to high-risk behaviors are related to psychological factors. Attachment style has provided a useful framework for promoting useful representations from parent to child that is rooted in the mother-fetus relationship and has lasting effects on emotional regulation. To date, the role of attachment styles and cognitive emotional regulation in predicting the tendency to high-risk behaviors in Iranian adolescent girls has not been studied.
Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2019, 375 girls referred to the Drop In Center (DIC) in Tehran were selected to participate in the study using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Participants entered the study process after obtaining informed consent and meeting the necessary criteria. Three questionnaires of cognitive emotional regulation, risk-taking and attachment were utilized in this study and Data was analyzed through multiple regression analysis test.
Results:The results showed that the correlation between attachment styles and cognitive regulation in the two di
Background and Aim:One of the most important predictors of adolescents' tendency to high-risk behaviors are related to psychological factors. Attachment style has provided a useful framework for promoting useful representations from parent to child that is rooted in the mother-fetus relationship and has lasting effects on emotional regulation. To date, the role of attachment styles and cognitive emotional regulation in predicting the tendency to high-risk behaviors in Iranian adolescent girls has not been studied.
Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2019, 375 girls referred to the Drop In Center (DIC) in Tehran were selected to participate in the study using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Participants entered the study process after obtaining informed consent and meeting the necessary criteria. Three questionnaires of cognitive emotional regulation, risk-taking and attachment were utilized in this study and Data was analyzed through multiple regression analysis test.
Results:The results showed that the correlation between attachment styles and cognitive regulation in the two dimensions of blaming others and coping and acceptance with high-risk behaviors was significant (P<0.05). Also, from three attachment styles, ambivalent attachment style, and from the four dimensions of cognitive emotional regulation, blaming others dimension, predicted the most changes in high-risk behaviors (all P’s<0.001).
Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate a complex relationship between the three indices of attachment, emotional regulation, and high-risk behaviors. Attachment and emotion regulationin young people reduce high-risk behaviors. These findings can be associated with several clinical applications in designing of macro-level preventive interventions.
mensions of blaming others and coping and acceptance with high-risk behaviors was significant (P<0.05). Also, from three attachment styles, ambivalent attachment style, and from the four dimensions of cognitive emotional regulation, blaming others dimension, predicted the most changes in high-risk behaviors (all P’s<0.001).
Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate a complex relationship between the three indices of attachment, emotional regulation, and high-risk behaviors. Attachment and emotion regulationin young people reduce high-risk behaviors. These findings can be associated with several clinical applications in designing of macro-level preventive interventions
The Effectiveness of EmotionFocused Therapy on Infertility Stigma, Marital Intimacy and Perceived Stress of Infertile Women Referring to Medical Centers in Tehran
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The main aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on infertility stigma, marital intimacy and perceived stress of infertile women visiting medical centers in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:This is an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The research sample was 34 infertile women in Tehran (17 people in each group) who were selected via purposive sampling and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. In order to collect data, the well-being questionnaire of infertility stigma, marital intimacy and perceived stress was used. One group received emotion-focused therapy and the control group did not receive any form of therapy.
Results:The results of covariance analysis showcased that emotion-focused therapy has significantly reduced the negative feeling of marital stigma, so that the participants’ sense of self-worth increased, their feeling of withdrawal decreased, and the negative feelings of family stigma and public stigma also decreased. Moreover, this treatment increased the marital intimacy of infertile women. In addition, the amount of negative perceived stress of these women was significantly reduced and theirpositive perceived stress was also improved (P<0/05).
Conclusion:It is concluded thatemotion-focused therapy is a useful and effective treatment for reducing negative stress, infertility stigma and increasing and improving marital intimacy of infertile womenand this treatment can be used to increase marital satisfaction and reduce divorce
The Effectiveness of Self-regulated Couple Therapy on Intimacy and Marital Adjustment of Couples with Marital Problems
Get PDFBackground and Aim:A marital relationship forms the family, and its continuity and survival depend on the marital relationship's continuation and survival. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Self-regulated couple therapy on intimacy and marital adjustment of couples with marital problems.
Materials and Methods:The present study was an applied and quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all couples referred to counseling clinics in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 couples referred to counseling clinics in district 1 of Tehran, selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected through the marital intimacy scale and marital adjustment questionnaire. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software.
Results:The results showed that self-regulated couple therapy was effective in increasing intimacy (P<0.001) and marital adjustment (P<0.001) of couples with marital problems.
Conclusion:Considering that self-regulated couple therapy promotes husband-wife relationships, as a result, its training improves couple relationships and consequently brings adjustment to couples. The couple's communication program has helped incompatible couples to continue their marital relationships again and increase their problem-solving skills to work on their problems in a constructive way
Effectiveness of Compassionate Mind-Based Cognitive Therapy on Adolescents' Behavioral Activation-Inhibition Systems and Theory of Mind
Get PDFBackground and Aim:High-risk behaviors have devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences for the adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate mind-based cognitive therapy on behavioral inhibition-activation systems and the theory of mind of adolescents with high-risk behaviors.
Materials and Methods:The study design was quasi-experimental with control and intervention groups and a follow-up phase.The statistical population included all high school boys with high-risk behaviors in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 30 students who were purposefully selected, and randomly allocated into experimental and control groups. High-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire, Brain-Behavioral Systems Scale, and the Theory of Mind Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance test and employing SPSS-24 software.
Results:Compassion-focused cognitive therapy decreased activation, increased inhibition, and improved theory of mind among adolescents with high-risk behaviors (P<0.01).
Conclusion:Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive therapy based on compassionate mind through the component of mindfulness by reducing rumination, leads to a reduction of negative emotions and thus reduces high-risk behaviors in adolescents. Thus, it can be said that treatment based on Compassion can be used as an effective treatment to improve adolescent psychological problems with high-risk behaviors
The relationship between anxiety and psychological distress with adherence to treatment in people with overweight after surgery
Get PDFBackground and Aim:One of the main concerns of health psychology is the follow-up of patients regarding to treatment adherence. Anxiety related to weight and psychological distress are the factors that play important roles in people with overweight after surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety and psychological distress with adherence to treatment in people with overweight after surgery.
Materials and Methods:The research method utilized in this study was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included all obese patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery at the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center. 147 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments included Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Adherence Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method.
Results:The results of this study demonstrated that anxiety and psychological distress are related to adherence to treatment among women with overweight after surgery(p≤0/05). Further, the regression analysis suggested that anxiety and psychological distress predict, respectively, 54% and 58% of the variance of changes in treatment adherence.
Conclusion:It can be stated that targeting psychological constructs such as anxiety and psychological distress during treatment process can be an effective way to enhance treatment adherence among peopl
Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Therapy on Suicide Ideation in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on suicide ideation in Caregiver Mothers of Children with intellectual disabilities
No full textBackground and Aim:COVID-19 has led to many psychological problems in the world. Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities may experience psychological problems, including suicidal ideation in the outbreak of COVID-19.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion regulation therapy (ERT) on suicide ideation among mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Materials and Methods:The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city. 24 mothers with scores higher than the cut-off point (≥6) for the Beck Suicide Ideation Scale selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned in the experimental and control groups. The ERT was applied for the experimental group in 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training during the sessions. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures were used to analyze the data.
Results:The results showed that ERT was effective in reducing suicide ideation in caregiver mothers of children with intellectual disabilities (p<0.05).
Conclusion:According to the results, the ERT is useful for reducing the suicide ideation in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. ERT causes mothers to pay attention to their cognitive appraisal after awareness and acceptance of their negative emotions, and suicide ideation will decrease in them
Structural Equation Modeling of Adherence to Treatment Based on Cognitive Function Mediating Role of Coping Strategies in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The present study aimed to investigate the structural equations of treatment adherence based on cognitive function mediated by coping styles in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods:The present study was correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer referred to specialized cancer clinics in Tehran between October and February 2017. The sample consisted of 250 patients with breast cancer who were selected by voluntary sampling. Data were obtained using the Folkman and Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Cognitive Function Questionnaire, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Data were also analyzed using correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation matrix, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. Also, all statistical calculations were performed using Amos.22 and SPSS.22 software.
Results:The results showed that cognitive function had a direct effect on coping strategies (β=0.48, P<0.001) and adherence to treatment (β=0.63, P<0.001). Coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive function and adherence to treatment.
Conclusion:It can be concluded that cancer and the patient's necessity to follow treatment cause many challenges in daily life that necessitate the use of coping styles to adapt, coping styles play an important role in the course, control and psychosocial adjustment of the patient with cancer can hav