International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy on Sexual Dysfunction and Relationship Satisfaction of Postmenopausal Women with Sexual Desire-Arousal Disorder: Effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on sexual dysfunction and relationship satisfaction of postmenopausal women with sexual desire/arousal disorder
No full textBackground and Aim:Menopause is a critical phase in women's lives that can lead to various long-term issues, including a decrease in sexual desire and arousal, which may negatively affect their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is closely linked to women's cognitive beliefs. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on dysfunctional sexual beliefs and relationship satisfaction in menopausal women experiencing sexual.
Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all menopausal women with sexual dysfunction over the age of 50 who referred to specialized treatment centers for sexual disorders in Isfahan in 2023. Thirty menopausal women with sexual dysfunction were selected through purposive sampling and clinical interviews, with a sexual function score of less than 28 based on the Rosen Female Sexual Function Index. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=15) who received eight 90-minute sessions of behavioral activation therapy or the control group (n=15) who were placed on the waiting list without receiving any intervention. The Dysfunctional Sexual Belief Questionnaire (DSBQ), the Relationship Satisfaction Scale and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 23.
Results:The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of dysfunctional sexual beliefs and relationship satisfaction in the pre-test with post-test and follow-up in the intervention group (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that dysfunctional sexual beliefs and relationship satisfaction improved in the post-test and follow-up compared to the pre-test, and the scores remained stable in the follow-up compared to the post-test (p<0.05).
Conclusion:Based on the findings, behavioral activation therapy can improve sexual dysfunctional beliefs and relationship satisfaction in postmenopausal women with sexual desire/arousal disorders by increasing the person's contact with environmental reinforcing connections and improving mood and thinking. to empower sexual challenges and pave the way for further research in the field of interventions related to menopausal women with sexual desire/arousal disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to use behavioral activation therapy in health and treatment centers and counseling centers to improve the sexual problems of postmenopausal women
The Relationship Between Deficits in Executive Functions and Processing Speed with PTSD Symptoms in Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Fatigue and Attention Bias
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The rapid and increasing growth of cancer disease in developed and developing countries and its multi-factorial and destructive personal, social and economic consequences have drawn this disease as a deliberate problem that threatens people's mental health, drawing special attention from specialists and researchers in the health field.. theaim of this research is to analyze the relationship between deficits in "executive function" and "processing speed" with "PTSD symptoms" in cancer patients, by examining the mediating role of fatigue and attention bias.Materials and Methods:This research was conducted by the path analysis-correlation method. Its statistical universe was all patients with gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, and pancreas) referring to Tehran hospitals and medical centers (Iran) in the first six months of 2022. The statistical sample of this research was 158 men and women referring to two referal hospitals, who were selected for convenience sampling and participated in this research after obtaining informed consent. The research has used the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5), the Barkley Deficit in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS), Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS), the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNIS), and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The research data was tested using structural equation modeling method (path analysis); SPSS version 21 statistical software and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data.Results:According to the results of the path analysis, the direct path of the "executive function" ( β=-0.249, T=-3.328), the direct path of the "cancer fatigue (CRF)" (β=0.31, T=64.979), and the direct path of "positive attention bias"(β=-0.341, T=-4.648), " to the "PTSD symptom" is significant. However, the direct path of the "processing speed"(β=-0.024, T=-0.501) and the direct path of "negative attention bias" (β=-0.104, T=-1.774) to the "PTSD symptom" are not significant.The direct path of "executive function" to "cancer fatigue" (β=0.623, T=10.081) is significant, but, the direct path of the "processing speed" to "cancer fatigue" (β=0.119, T=1.932), direct path of "processing speed" to "positive attention bias" (β =-0.008, T=-0.132) and direct path of "executive function" to (β=-0.367, T=-4.782) to "negative attention bias" is insignificant.Moreover, according to the results, the indirect effect of the "executive functions" on the "PTSD symptoms" through "positive attention bias" is significant (b=0.077, P<0.05); but, the indirect effect of the "executive functions" on the "PTSD symptoms" through "negative attention bias" is not significant (b=0.013, P>0.05). The indirect effect of the "processing speed" to the "PTSD symptoms" through " cancer fatigue"(b=0.066, P>0.05), the indirect effect of the "processing speed" to the "PTSD symptoms" through "positive attention bias"(b=0.005, P>0.05), and the indirect effect of the "processing speed" to the "PTSD symptoms" through "negative attention bias" is not significant (b=-0.001, p>0.05).Conclusion:According to the existing research evidence, people show different reactions after being diagnosed with cancer, and during the treatment process, as a traumatic event.Considering the research results, it can be concluded that the experience of cancer-related stress disorder is influenced by cancer fatigue (CRF), information processing speed, and positive and negative attention bias. These results can be the basis for designing an intervention program to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers
The Mediating Role of Rumination in Structural Model ofAnorexia Nervosa: The mediating role of rumination for Anorexia Nervosa model
No full textBackground and Aim:Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a critical psychological disorder characterized by life-threatening distress, significant weight loss, and distorted body image. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between behavioral inhibition/approach systems (BIS/BAS), metacognitive beliefs (MCB), attachment styles (AS), and AN.Materials and Methods:Conducted as modeling research, this study focused on Tehran's student population, employing a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research involved 215 girl students who completed assessments included the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, Ruminative Responses Scale, sensitivity to reinforcement scale, metacognitive beliefs-30, and attachment styles. Data analysis employed the partial least squares method in SPSS and Smart-PLS software.Results:The results indicate that the revised model of the structural relationship among sensitivity to reinforcement, metacognitive beliefs, attachment styles, and AN, with the mediation of rumination, exhibits appropriate fitness characteristics.Conclusion:The confirmed mediation of rumination in the complex interplay of BIS/BAS, MCB, AS, and AN reveal a crucial cognitive pathway, deepening our understanding of the disorder's etiology. This underscores the potential efficacy of interventions targeting rumination, prompting a paradigm shift in therapeutic strategies. Recognizing rumination as a central mediator allows for a focused approach, addressing the multifaceted aspects of AN and opening avenues for more effective interventions to support individuals grappling with the disorder
Relationship between physical concern and anxiety sensitivity in females with panic disorder: The moderating role of distress tolerance
Get PDFBackground & Aim: Panic disorder showed higher prevalence in female than male. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between physical concern and anxiety sensitivity of females with panic disorder symptoms in female students.
Materials & Methods: The present study conducted through a descriptive cross-sectional method. The statistical population of this research included all the female students of Islamic Azad University of Ilam branch in 2022(N=2009). Of all students 323 cases were selected using the available sampling method. The data collected through standard questionnaire i.e. severity of panic disorder (SMPD-A) (2013), distress tolerance of Simons and Gehr (2005), anxiety sensitivity of Floyd et al. (2005) and physical concern of Littleton et al. (2005). The statistical method used for data analysis was Baron and Kenny and bootstrap.
Results: The results confirmed model of relationship between physical concerns and anxiety sensitivity with panic disorder symptoms with the moderating role of distress tolerance. The correlation coefficient between physical concerns with panic disorder symptoms was 0.468, anxiety sensitivity with panic disorder symptoms was 0.425, and distress tolerance with panic disorder symptoms was -0.462.
Conclusion: It is believed that several factors cause vulnerability to panic disorder. Many stressful situations of daily life and the inability to adapt to frequent life stress can disrupt cognitive function in people, which can trigger many psychiatric disorders in susceptible people and aggravate the severity of symptoms in peopl
Development and Validation of an Intervention Protocol based on the Mental Security of Divorced Women on Resilience and Psychological Well-being: Intervention Protocol based on the Mental Security of Divorced Women
No full textBackground and Aim: The research was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an intervention protocol based on the mental security of divorced women and investigating its effectiveness on their resilience and psychological well-being.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed method. The research method in the quantitative part was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this part of the research consisted of all the divorced women of al-Shatar city in 1400-1401, and 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected by simple random method. For each investigated factor, considering 12 experts, the minimum acceptable value for CVR is 0.88 and for CVI index is 0.79 based on Lauche table. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview and the tools used in the quantitative part were the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire (CD-RIS), and the psychological well-being questionnaire of Rief (1998).
Results: In the quantitative part, the results showed that the intervention protocol based on the psychological security of divorced women is effective on resilience and psychological well-being of divorced women.
Conclusion: Several factors play a role in the process of forming the mental security of divorced women, and by identifying them in different environments, cultures, and societies, necessary and effective measures can be taken to improve and promote the mental security of divorced women
Demographic Profiles of Iranian Individuals with Personality Disorder
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Personality disorders (PDs) are widespread, rigid, and maladaptive with collections of traits that impair individuals and limit their capacity to function effectively. Recent studiesindicate that PDs are consistently associated with several demographic characteristics. The present study was conducted toinvestigate the differences between the demographic characteristics of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs in an Iranian clinical sample.Materials and Methods:Data on the demographic distribution of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs were derived from a total of 430 Iranian patients with PDs presenting to four clinical centers in Tehran using well-established measures. Different statistical analysis methods were used to compare demographic differences between DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs. These analyzes were performed using SPSS software V. 22.Results:Data analysis indicated that educational level, gender, age, marital status, average monthly household costs, and ethnicity had an impact on most PDs. In return, birth order accounted for the changes in only DSM-5 Section II histrionic PD.Conclusion:Current research reveals that certain demographic subgroups have an impact on PDs. Accordingly, the need for psychiatric services for these individuals needs to be explored
Designing a Hierarchy Process of Human Resource Motivation in Scientific-Research Systems: Designing a Hierarchy Process of Human Resource Motivation in Scientific-Research Systems A new Approach of Structural Model design in the Context of Fuzzy Decision Data
No full textBackground and Aim:Motivation encourages employees to engage in their jobs and, consequently, to achieve organizational goals. So, the purpose of this research is to design a Hierarchy process of human resource motivation in scientific-research organization based on fuzzy Approach.Materials and Methods:The population consists of academic experts. The data analysis was conducted in Yager Fuzzy Space. The present study is a survey and, in terms of objectives, is applied. Additionally, it is descriptive-survey in terms of the data collection method.Results:Based on MD (Fuzzy Degree of Membership), the internal motivation factors have a higher degree of membership compared to external factors, which shows the importance and effectiveness of internal factors in creating motivation, it also shows the applicability of this model according to the current situation. The research findings include the Interpretative Structural Integrated Model at four levels that is consistent with motivational models such as Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg.Conclusion:The optimization of service compensation plans is placed at the lowest level and the optimal work environment and the promotion of safety and health are placed at the highest level, i.e. the first level. The higher the elements are, the less their stimulus and the higher their degree of dependency would be. Therefore, the optimal work environment, enhancement of safety and health are the most dependent elements of the model and optimization of service compensation plans is the most driving element of the model
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Symptoms of Depression, Pain Intensity, and Movement Limitation in Patients with Rheumatoid Rrthritis: The effectiveness of
No full textBackground and Aim:Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that due to pain in the patient's joints, the patient cannot make strong movements due to the muscles around the joints are weakened and the patient's movement capability is reduced. Thus, this disease is associated with pain, depression, and also movement disability.Materials and Methods:This research is in the qualitative part of a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. In the quantitative part, based on the size of the population, 30 women with rheumatoid arthritis were and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group in this study underwent cognitive behavioral therapy. The required information was collected by Beck’s Depression Questionnaire, McGill Pain Intensity Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), Osostria ODI Questionnaire, Physical Disability Assessment Questionnaire (Rowland & Morris, 1983), and Quebec Pain Disability Scale (QPDS). Also, for the measurement level of the desired variables and hypotheses, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables, and graphs were used in the descriptive section. In the inferential part, the assumptions of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis, Levine's test, and Sphericity were used.Results:The results of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that CBT reduces depression, pain, and their components; Motor disability, components of functional disability, physical disability, and back pain disability were effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was also stated that CBT has a higher effectiveness in reducing pain and its components (except emotional perception of pain) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Conclusion:CBT has been effective in all four variables
Review of Lifespan diagnosis in Patients with Substance-induced Psychosis Admitted to Psychiatric Wards of Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran 2015
Get PDFIntroduction: Diagnostic certainty is difficult in the early stages of psychotic disorders, and it becomes more complicated if at the same time alcohol or drugs get consumed. There is a bilateral association between substance use and psychotic symptoms. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the lifespan diagnosis in patients with substance-induced psychosis admitted to psychiatric wards of Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran 2015.Method: Through an accessible sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients diagnosed with substance-induced psychosis in the psychiatric wards of Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran. The data were analyzed through frequency descriptive statistics and charts, and by logistic regression using SPSS23 software.
Results: In patients with substance-induced psychosis, the results showed that bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms was the most common disorder (48.9%), followed by schizoaffective (36.7%) disorder, schizophrenia (22.2%), personality disorders (16.6%) (Antisocial, 5.5%; borderline (BPD), 11.1%), adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (3.3%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (4.4%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (1.1%). Logistic regression results showed that the patients' age and family history of psychotic disorders could significantly predict the transition to the spectrum of primary psychotic disorders.Conclusion: In psychotic patients or those with primary psychosis, the simultaneous consumption of several substances may indicate a further aggravation of the disease and accelerate the transition of their diagnosis. The transition of the diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis into primary schizophrenia should be considered in the treatment and administration of the drugs
The The Relationship between Virtues and Strengths of Character with Components of Happiness and Depression among Nurses in Tehran
No full textBackground and Aim:This study aimed to explain the relationship between the virtues and strengths of character, as well as the parameters of happiness level and depression among nurses in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:Based on the Morgan table and through a convenience sampling, 150 nurses in Tehran were selected and their character strengths and virtues, along with happiness and levels of depression were assessed. Data collection was conducted using a character strengths questionnaire and a positive psychotherapy questionnaire.
Results:The statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation of the happiness parameters with the character strengths and virtues in nurses. Furthermore, the character strengths and virtues could significantly predict the happiness parameters (pleasant life was predicted by the character strengths of bravery (T=3.339, α= 0.00) and self-control (T=-2.012, α= 0.046), engaged life was predicted by the character strengths of forgiveness (T=2.016, α= 0.046), and meaningful life was predicted by the character strengths of gratitude (T=2.210, α= .029)), while happiness/depression parameters can be predicted only by the character virtue of courage. The results confirmed a relationship between them.
Conclusion:It can beconcluded that there is a significant correlation between the virtues and strengths of character with components of happiness and depression between nurses