International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Comparison of self-control and early maladaptive schemas in athletes according to sports and demographic characteristics: Comparison of self-control and early maladaptive schemas in athletes
No full textBackground and Aim:This study was designed to compare self-control and early maladaptive schemas in athletes based on sports and demographic characteristics.
Materials and Methods:This study's statistical population included all male and female swimming athletes in the country. Of them, 256 swimming athletes from clubs in various cities of Iran were selected using an available sampling method. The research utilized Yang's schema questionnaire (2005) and a self-control questionnaire. Results:The analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between women and men in the schemas of entitlement/secretary and emotional inhibition (p < 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the overall schema and the following schemas: abandonment/instability, distrust/misbehavior, emotional deprivation, deficiency/shame, social isolation/alienation, autonomy, impaired performance (dependency/incompetence, vulnerability to harm/disease, untransformed self, failure), impaired limitations (insufficient self-restraint and self-discipline), other orientation (obedience, sacrifice), and stubborn standards/extreme fault-finding (p < 0.05). Furthermore, substantial differences were observed in types of early maladaptive schemas, except for autonomy and failure, among swimmers at different levels of sports performance. There were also significant differences in schemas and self-control based on sports levels, employment, level of medals won, position, gender, education, and marital status (p < 0.01).
Conclusion:Self-control and early maladaptive schemas in swimming athletes can be differentiated by gender, sports performance levels, level of medals won, position, employment, education, and marital status
The Effectiveness of Computer Games Rehabilitation and Cognitive Play Therapy Rehabilitation on the Risk-Taking of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders of childhood with several consequences. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive computer games rehabilitation and play therapy based on cognitive rehabilitation on the risk-taking of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Method and material: the research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a waiting list, and a one-month follow-up study. The statistical population included all children aged 7 to 12 years old with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Karaj city, 24 children referred to the Razi counseling center in 2020-2021 were selected by available sampling method and were randomly replaced in groups: cognitive computer games (8 children), cognitive play therapy (8 children) and control (8 children). The experimental groups received related interventions and the waiting list did not receive any treatment during this time. The balloon analog risk task (BIS) was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc test.
Results: The findings showed that cognitive computer games and play therapy based on cognitive rehabilitation are effective in the risk-taking of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05). Also, the findings showed a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions in risk-taking
Conclusion: play therapy based on cognitive rehabilitation was more effective than cognitive computer games in reducing risk-taking.cognitive computer games; Play therapy; Cognitive rehabilitation; Risk-taking; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorde
Compilation and validation of dialectical behavior therapy package training based on interpersonal needs to prevent adolescent suicidal ideation
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Suicide among adolescents, as one of the serious mental health challenges, has increased significantly in recent years. This phenomenon not only threatens the individual health of adolescents but also has profound negative effects on families and society. The present study aimed to compile and validate the training package of dialectical behavior therapy based on interpersonal needs to prevent adolescent suicidal ideation. Materials and Methods:The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part consisted of all adolescents aged 15-19 in Sahne, Kermanshah province, from April 2013 to June 2014, and the experts whose opinions were consulted to complete the qualitative and content validity of the research. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for the qualitative section. A total of 30 individuals were chosen for the experimental and control groups. In the quantitative part, the statistical population consisted of adolescents identified after completing the suicidal ideation and interpersonal needs scale.
Results:The results of the assumption of equality of variances (Mbox test) indicated that this assumption was met (F = 1.330, P = 0.193). The intergroup analysis showed a significant difference in suicidal ideation scores between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.01). Additionally, the within-group analysis revealed a significant difference in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up scores (P < 0.001), and the interaction effect of group and time was significant also (P < 0.001). The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in suicidal ideation in the post-test phase, while the control group did not show significant changes. These findings suggest that the DBT training package based on interpersonal needs effectively reduces suicidal ideation in adolescents and can serve as an effective strategy for suicide prevention.
Conclusion:In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that interpersonal needs based Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) training can serve as an effective intervention to reduce suicidal ideation in adolescents. This educational package enhances interpersonal skills and emotional regulation, helping adolescents build greater resilience to life's challenges and prevent risky behaviors
The Effectiveness of Emotional Regulation Training on Aggression and Coping Styles of Methamphetamine Substance Abusers
Get PDFBackground and Aim: In recent years, drug addiction has become a widespread phenomenon among different social groups with other characteristics. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on aggression and coping styles of methamphetamine addicts.
Materials and Methods: The present study population is all methamphetamine addicts in Varamin city. The research sample of 30 people with methamphetamine addicts was selected from the addiction treatment clinic by available sampling and randomly allocated into two experimental and control groups. The emotion regulation protocol was trained in the experimental group during the 12 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training. To measure the variables, Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and Andler and Parker’s (1990) Coping Style Questionnaire were used in pre-test and post-test.
Results: At the end of the sessions, data were analyzed using a covariance test. The results showed that emotional regulation training effectively decreases aggression, improves task-oriented and emotion-oriented coping styles, and reduces the avoidant coping style in methamphetamine addicts.
Conclusion: Due to the proliferation of social damage, such as methamphetamine addiction, experts in this field need to master new and effective ways of regulating emotions to help these patients prevent relapse to using the drug
Comparison of Sexual Self-Efficacy, Self-Differentiation and Communication Patterns in Iranian Women with Early and Typical Marriage: Sexual self-Efficacy, Self-Differentiation & Communication Patterns in Iranian women with Early marriage & Normal marriage.
No full textBackground and Aim:Marriage is one of important social phenomena that has a very sensitive role on all aspects of human life and having physical, psychological and social preparation is necessary for it. The age which individual gets married is one of the important factors that can affect the quality of marriage and its psychological function. This study aimed to compare sexual self-efficacy, self-differentiation and communication patterns in early marriage and normal marriage.
Materials and Methods:The method of the present study was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all women referred to Ardabil Health Center who were married under the age of 18 and over the age of 18 or older and both groups of women lived in Ardabil in 2019. The sample of the present study consisted of 40 individuals who were selected by convenience sampling method. Also, 40 women with normal marriage conditions who were matched with their spouse's child group in terms of age, level of education were selected by available meansCouples Communication Patterns Questionnaire,Self-Differentiation Questionnaire and completed Sexual Self-Efficacy. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Results:The results showed that sexual self-efficacy, self-differentiation, constructive communication pattern and avoidance-reciprocal communication pattern were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05) and observed a difference in the expectation/withdrawal communication subscaleno difference was observed.
Conclusion:In explaining communication problems and use of incompatible communication methods in early marriage, it can be said that EM, increases likely hood of communication violence Another explanation observed in early marriage is the lack of right to choose the right one to marry and preparation for having sex which reduces couple`s marital intimacy, intensifies marital conflicts, and increases the possibility of violence in couples' relationships and ineffective communication patterns. Another finding in this survey indicated that self-differentiation in EM is less than later marriage women. In explaining this finding, it can be said that child marriage often happens during adolescence. It is the stage of transition to adulthood, gaining new experiences and facing new challenges
The Effectiveness of Moral Intelligence Group Training on the Conduct Disorder of Female Students: Moral Intelligence and Students' Conduct Disorder
No full textAims: The Aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of moral intelligence training on reducing the symptoms of behavioral disorder in students of Gorgan educational and behavioral welfare improvement center.
Materials and Methods: The research included a quasi-experimental method with the pretest-posttest design and the control group. The study population consisted of of the educational center, and correction of welfare behaviors in 2017. The sample size is 50 people (including 25 subjects in experimental group and 25 controls in control group). Sampling method was randomly assigned to two groups of control and tested, and after selecting based on age and education, each group was subjected to moral intelligence and conduct disorder pre-test. After that, during the two months of training, moral intelligence was conducted and after completing the training, simultaneously and in the same conditions, the post-test was performed, the analysis method. The moral intelligence and conduct disorder scales was used to collect data and the data obtained were calculated through multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results approved the effect of moral intelligence training on reducing conduct disorder scores and its components in the experimental group.
Conclusion: According to the results, the moral intelligence training is recommended to reduce the symptoms of conduct disorder in development and improvement of behavioral welfare students
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Intervention on Sustained Attention, Divided Attention, Impulsivity of Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: VIRTUAL REALITY and ADHD
No full textBackground and Aim:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research is of great interest due to the prevalence of 9%-17% among Iranian children and its negative effects on several aspects of life, including students' academic future. This study evaluates the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy plus Ritalin use versus Ritalin consumption alone on sustained attention, divided attention, and impulsivity in children diagnosed with this disorder.
Materials and Methods:This was a semi-experimental study with a control group with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up designs. The statistical population consisted of 30 children randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups recruited by convenience sampling. The experimental group participated in twelve 90-minute virtual reality intervention sessions. The Integrated Visual and Auditory (IVA-2) Continuous Performance Test was utilized to collect data, which were then analyzed using MANOVA in SPSS-26.
Results:In addition to continuing to take Ritalin, the virtual reality group showed considerable improvement in all research parameters, and their scores were significantly higher than those in the group that continued to take Ritalin alone (p<0.05). Moreover, the observed effects were persistent after 45 days of follow-up.
Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate that virtual reality therapy effectively addresses cognitive difficulties in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ages seven to twelve. It is suggested that therapists employ virtual reality therapy to help these children's challenges since it can significantly enhance the efficacy of Ritalin
The Comparison of Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy With and Without Health-Promoting Behaviors Training on High-Risk Behaviors and Healthy Lifestyles in Secondary School Students: Emotion-Focused Therapy With and Without Health-Promoting Behaviors on High-Risk Behaviors and Healthy Lifestyles
No full textBackground and Aim:The conducting studies to achieve gold standards in intervention for high-risk behaviors and improving a healthy lifestyle is important. The aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy with and without teaching health-promoting behaviors on high-risk behaviors and healthy lifestyles in secondary school students.
Materials and Methods:The research design employed a semi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. From three high school girls in the fifth region of Tehran, 45 participants were selected through cluster random sampling and then randomly assigned to two treatment groups and one control group. Data collection utilized the Risky Behaviors Scale (RBS) and the lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ), and analysis was performed using covariance analysis and Duncan's Multiple Range test (DMRT) with SPSS-26.The first treatment group underwent emotion regulation intervention over eight sessions lasting 90 minutes each. The second treatment group received emotion regulation intervention combined with health promotion behavior training across seven sessions of 90 minutes each. The control group did not receive any intervention.
Results:The emotion-focused therapy with and without health-promoting behavior training is effective in reducing risky behaviors (F=23.266, P=0.001) and promotion of healthy lifestyle F=54.084, P=0.001) and comparing these two interventions indicate the greater effectiveness of the integrated emotion-focused therapywith health-promoting behavior training.
Conclusion:It is recommended to use emotion-focused therapy in combination with the training of health-promoting behaviors for intervention in risky behaviors and unhealthy lifestyles in adolescence .Also, these results require further investigation in future studies
A Structural Model of Relationship between Posttraumatic Growth and Death Attitudes in People with Cancer with Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility
No full textBackground and Aim: Cancer is a fatal disease that can affect various aspects of life, including personal, family and social life, and can destroy a person's performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and attitude towards death in people with cancer.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study includes cancer patients in Tehran in 1401. Among these patients, 120 people were selected as a sample and they were asked to answer the post-traumatic growth questionnaire, death attitude scale and cognitive flexibility questionnaire.
Results: The research results showed that the correlation coefficient between death attitude with cognitive flexibility (0.38) and post-traumatic growth (0.27) is significant at 0.01. Also, cognitive flexibility had a mediating role in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and death attitude in people with cancer.
Conclusion: Based on this, in the relationship between post-traumatic growth and death attitude in people with cancer, cognitive flexibility had a mediating role. Therefore, post-traumatic growth through increasing the level of cognitive flexibility can help to improve the attitude towards death in people with cancer
Prediction of Severity of Anxiety, Depression and Obsession Symptoms based on Negative Repetitive Thoughts by Mediating Role of Experimental Avoidance in Clinical Populations Referring to Counseling Centers in Tehran
Get PDFBackground and Aim:A deep understanding of the effective factors in creating and aggravating the symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsession is very vital for the development of treatment and prevention strategies, and also repeated negative thoughts can play an important role in the process of forming and strengthening these symptoms, and on the one hand, empiricism and avoidance of unpleasant experiences may also act as an effective mediating variable in these processes So. the present study was done to predict severity of anxiety, depression and obsession based on negative repetitive thoughts by mediating role of experimental avoidance in clinical population who are all male and femalewith anxiety and obsession disorders in 2023 in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:This was a descriptive correlation research in which structural equations were done on 228 male and female participants with anxiety, depression and obsession disorders were selected by available sampling by Kline method. to collect data, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck depression inventory, repetitive thought questionnaire and obsession compulsive questionnaire of Maudsely (MOCL) were used.
Results:Findings suggested that by increasing negative repetitive thoughts and experimental avoidance, anxiety, depression and obsession will be increased or vice versa. by decreasing negative repetitive thoughts and experimental avoidance, anxiety, depression and obsession will be decreased. Also, given to GFI=0/909, CFI=0/919, AGFI=0/837 and RMSEA=0/076 it can be said that measured model has good fitness.
Conclusion:According to results, severity of anxiety, depression and obsession are predictable based on negative repetitive thoughts. Because anxiety is caused by trying to control or resist unwanted negative thoughts that occur normally, also because OCD is a chronic anxiety disorder characterized by excessive mental preoccupation with subjective details and perfectionism. is, to the extent that it leads to the loss of flexibility and social function, and depression, which is the constant and continuous tendency of a person to experience uncomfortable thoughts and feelings, it is possible to predict the severity of symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsession based on negative thoughts and repetition Shundeh is concerned with the avoidance and direct efforts he made to get rid of a negative thought or emotion So, using strategies for control negative repetitive thoughts for improving mental health and decreasing anxiety and depression and obsession are necessary