International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Designing and investigating the effectiveness of goal-orientation based motivation training theory on students' academic engagement and procrastination
No full textBackground and Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and investigating goal-orientation based motivation training theory on academic conflict and procrastination of secondary school students.
Material and Method: The statistical population was female students of second secondary level in Yazd city in 1401. The sample included 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) who were randomly selected. The tools of the present research included Reeve & Tseng’s Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ) and Solomon's academic procrastination questionnaire (APQ). The research design is semi-experimental and the people of the sample group were randomly placed in the designed training sessions. Motivation package training based on goal orientation was implemented in 12-90-minute sessions. After the end of the twelfth session, the questionnaires were completed again as a post-test. The pre-test and post-test were also conducted by the control group. No intervention was done on the control group. Then the data was analyzed using spss-22 software. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings showed that the goal-based orientation motivation package training is effective on academic engagement and procrastination of secondary school girl students.
Conclusion: Considering the effect of goal-orientation based motivation trainingon increasing academic engagement and reducing academic procrastination of students, this method can be used to improve the performance of academic variables in students
Investigating the Effectiveness of Socioemotional Competence Group Training on Social Adjustment, Alexithymia and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms among Adolescents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The most important characteristics of oppositional defiant disorder are two sets of emotional and behavioral symptoms that manifest themselves in individual and social form. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of social-emotional competence group training on social responsibility, alexithymia and severity of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents.
Materials and Methods:The current research was applied and semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and a control group. The research sample included 30 teenage girls with oppositional defiant disorder who were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The participants were tested on the scales of social adjustment, alexithymia and oppositional defiant disorder. Then, the treatment plan based on social-emotional competence group training was presented to the participants of the experimental group online in 9 two-hour sessions. Then, their scores were measured in the desired scales, after completing the treatment, and a three-month follow-up period. Descriptive statistics and covariance test were used to analyze the data.
Results:The participants showed a clear improvement in the severity of symptoms in all three variables. So that the scores of alexithymia and oppositional defiant disorder in the experimental group after receiving the treatment, as well as after a three-month follow-up period, were significantly reduced and the social adjustment scores were also increased (p<0.001).
Conclusion:In general, it can be concluded that social and emotional competence training can reduce the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents by correctly recognizing their own and others' emotions and helping to improve communication skills with others, and as a result, help to increase the adaptation of adolescents in society
The effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) intervention on reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in couples with children with cancer
No full textBackground and Aim:Diagnosing children's cancer can cause significant disruptions in the child and family life, putting parents and children at risk for psychosocial problems, including reduced quality of life through increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which necessitates solutions like emotion-focused therapy (EFT) to reduce complications. This research investigated the effectiveness of EFT in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in couples with children with cancer.
Materials and Methods:The research used a semi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, control and experimental groups, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included 40 couples with a child with cancer in Ferdous City. The collected data were analyzed utilizing inferential statistics and a step-by-step regression analysis under the normality assumption. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques (descriptive, inferential) and SPSS22. The research hypotheses were investigated utilizing ANCOVA and MANCOVA.
Results:With the pretest control of the test significance levels, there was a significant difference between the couples with a child with cancer in the experimental and control groups concerning anxiety, stress, and depression reduction (P<0.001, F-5.299). The respective differences of 19.78, 20.50, and 44.67 for anxiety, stress, and 44.67 for depression highlight the significant effect of EFT on anxiety, stress, and depression of the experimental group at a 95% confidence level and p<0.05.
Conclusion:EFT affects and reduces the anxiety, stress, and depression of couples with children with cancer. The emotion-based developed package created a safe space to resolve past wounds and increase awareness, expression, and acceptance of repressed emotions, leading to a new meaning for life and adjusting the disease through a different perspective toward emotions caused by mental turmoil and anxiety
Prediction of Post-Traumatic Growth Based On Sensitivity to Rejection and Resilience in Adolescents with Divorced Parents
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Parental divorce is one of the most stressful events that teenagers face, and it leaves short-term and long-term economic, social, and emotional effects on teenagers. The purpose of this research is to predict the posttraumatic growth based on sensitivity to rejection and resilience in adolescents who have experienced parental divorce.
Materials and Methods:The research implementation method was correlation type. The sample studied were teenagers aged 13 to 17 in Kerman who had experienced the divorce of their parents and had referred to counseling centers (Jomhuri Blvd, EmamJomeh, and HezaroyekShab Street) in Kerman. After the screening and using the available method after visiting the counseling centers in Kerman, the researcher selected 100 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was based on Sarmad et al.'s sensitivity to rejection questionnaire, Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire, and Tedeschi and Kalon's post-traumatic growth questionnaire. The analysis and information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire were checked through SPSS software version 26 and the data was analyzed using a simple regression inferential test.
Results:The value of the standardized regression coefficient (BETA)for sensitivity to rejection is equal to0.165 and for resilience is equal to0.911. According to the value of the t statistic obtained, which is significant at the alpha level of0.01, the research hypothesis is confirmed.
Conclusion:The research results showed that sensitivity to rejection negatively and significantly predicts post-traumatic growth in teenagers with divorced parents, and resilience positively and significantly predicts post-traumatic growth in teenagers with divorced parent
The Role of Attachment Style, Sexual Satisfaction and Narcissism on Marital Infidelity of Social Network Users: The role of hardiness and moral intelligence in anxiety
No full textBackground and Aim:The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the role of attachment style, sexual satisfaction and narcissism in marital infidelity of social network.
Materials and Methods:The research method was descriptive-correlational. Sample size included all couples aged 18-50, lived in Ardabil province which were using social networks in 2019. The sample size according to convenience sampling method was considered 200 people. Data collection were based on infidelity in social networks, sexual satisfaction, adult attachment style, and narcissistic questionnaires.
Results:The results showed a significant positive relationship between attachment style, sexual satisfaction and narcissism with marital infidelity. The results in multivariate regression in Table 3 shows the formative predictor variables could predict social network user`s infidelity (p<0.05). Also squared multiple correlation indicates that predictors could predict 27% of infidelity changes.Standardized regression coefficients for anxious attachment style (p<0.01), avoidant attachment style (p<0.01), sexual satisfaction (p<0.05),significantly and positively predict marital infidelity of network users.
Conclusion:The present research identifies the role of personality characteristics and attachment styles in marital infidelity of social networking users and their importance in predicting this problem.The importance of attachment styles and sexual satisfaction in the intimate relationships of adults and especially the marital infidelity of users was explained.
Investigating the Frequency of Depression and Anxiety and their Association with Cyberspace Use among Medical Students
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Rapid technological advances have led to increased use of cyberspace among medical students. Despite the benefits, there are concerns about the unwanted effects of excessive use of cyberspace on mental health. Depression and anxiety, two of the most common mental health disorders worldwide, have been of particular interest in this context. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety among medical students and explore its association with Cyberspace use.
Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 355 medical students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through the following instruments: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS software version 26. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) were employed.
Results:The results revealed that 27.3% of participants exhibited severe depression, 13% displayed severe anxiety, and 10.7% manifested symptoms of internet addiction. There was a positive association among depression, anxiety, and internet addiction (P<0.0001). Additionally, an inverse notable disparity between internet addiction and educational level was discovered (P<0.05). Also, a significant correlation was shown between depression, anxiety, internet addiction, and marital status (P<0.05).
Conclusion:The study indicated a notable correlation between cyberspace usage and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in medical students. Additional research is necessary to develop productive interventions that target the potential negative impacts of cyberspace usage on the mental well-being of medical students, consequently advancing the community healthcare system
Effectiveness of Mothers' Training Based on Attachment Intervention on School Refusal and Social Competence of Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder
Get PDF Background and Objectives: One of the most common mental disorders in children is separation anxiety disorder, which can cause severe disorders in adulthood if not addressed. The present study examined the effectiveness of attachment-based training for mothers on school refusal and social competence of children with separation anxiety disorder.
Materials and Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, one control group, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research was all the mothers of elementary school students suffering from separation anxiety disorder in District 1 of education in Sari, Iran, in the academic year 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of 30 mothers selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Han, Hajinlian, et al.'s Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (2003), School Refusal Questionnaire by Carney and Silverman (1993), and Social Competence Questionnaire developed by the Behavior Problem Prevention Research Group (1995) were used for data collection. The experimental group received Korn-Carey, Dozier, and Ackerman's (2004) and Cooper et al.'s (2005) intervention in eight 120–minute sessions; the control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after the training sessions, pre-tests and post-tests were taken from both groups. Applying SPSS 26, repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis.
Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the mean of school refusal and social competence in the pre-test-post-test and the pre-test-follow-up stages of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that attachment-based intervention training for mothers of children with separation anxiety disorder reduced school refusal and enhanced social competence in children with separation anxiety disorder
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Symptoms of Depression, Pain Intensity, and Movement Limitation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that due to pain in the patient's joints, the patient cannot make strong movements due to the muscles around the joints are weakened and the patient's movement capability is reduced. Thus, this disease is associated with pain, depression, and also movement disability.
Materials and Methods:This research is in the qualitative part of a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. In the quantitative part, based on the size of the population, 30 women with rheumatoid arthritis were and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group in this study underwent cognitive behavioral therapy. The required information was collected by Beck’s Depression Questionnaire, McGill Pain Intensity Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2), Osostria ODI Questionnaire, Physical Disability Assessment Questionnaire (Rowland & Morris, 1983), and Quebec Pain Disability Scale (QPDS). Also, for the measurement level of the desired variables and hypotheses, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables, and graphs were used in the descriptive section. In the inferential part, the assumptions of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis, Levine's test, and Sphericity were used.
Results:The results of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that CBT reduces depression, pain, and their components; Motor disability, components of functional disability, physical disability, and back pain disability were effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was also stated that CBT has a higher effectiveness in reducing pain and its components (except emotional perception of pain) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Conclusion:CBT has been effective in all four variables
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Smoking Temptation Coping Questionnaire among Male and Female Students in Tehran: Validation and
No full textBackground and Aim:One of the patterns among teenagers is the consumption of all types of tobacco, especially cigarettes, which are widely and commonly available. Currently, smoking is the main cause of preventable deaths in the world and accounts for a significant part of social inequalities in health and mortality. So, applying the reliable measures for assessment this domain is crucial. The purpose of this research is to investigate the validity and reliability of smoking temptation coping questionnaire (STCQ) among second-year high school boys and girls in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:The target population studied in this research consisted of male and female students in six districts of Tehran. First, six districts were selected among the schools in the districts of Tehran city by cluster sampling method. Considering Morgan's table, a sample size of 341 people was selected. Collecting the required information was done STCQ. Also, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, and correlation coefficient were analyzed by SPSS and LIRSEL softwares.
Results:The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the indicators of the questionnaire were influenced by 2 underlying factors. These 2 factors were able to explain more than 52% of the variance of the total score of STCQ. Examining the convergent and discriminant validity of the construct also showed this scale has convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that each factor was able to explain some percentage of the variance of the set of variables. Therefore, from the total of 13 indicators, they can be reduced to 1 conceptual factor. The examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of the construct also showed that this scale has convergent and discriminant validity. According to the experts, the content and form validity results were reported to be acceptable. In the end, concurrent validity was confirmed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient due to the significance of the correlation coefficients between the variables in the studied samples (p<0.05).
Conclusion:Persian version of smoking temptation coping questionnaire (STCQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessment among both geners in adolescence
Evaluating the Efficacy of Schema Therapy for Subclinical Depression in Adolescent Girls: A Focus on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Avoidance
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Depression is a common disorder among adolescents with far-reaching consequences. The issues and problems that teenagers face during adolescence make them prone to depression, and having components such as emotional failure, cognitive regulation of emotion, and cognitive avoidance increases their vulnerability. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive avoidance in subclinical depressed adolescent girls in Tonekabon City.
Materials and Methods:It is an experimental study with a pre-test-post-test and a control group design. The population consisted of all female adolescent students in the eleventh and twelfth grades of high school with subclinical depression in the academic year 2023-2024. The sampling method was random. Then, 30 individuals were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. For eight weeks, the experimental group received one 90-minute schema therapy session per week, while the control group received no treatment. Both groups were subsequently given a post-test. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and univariate ANCOVA using SPSS version 25.
Results:The findings indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the average variables of cognitive regulation of emotion and cognitive avoidance (η² = 0.735, p< 0.01, F (2, 21) = 64.75). This difference was in favor of the treatment groups based on the adjusted means.
Conclusion:According to the results of this study, this treatment can increase cognitive regulation of positive emotion and decrease negative cognitive regulation and cognitive avoidance of adolescent girls. In explaining the research findings, we can say that the schema is the highest generalized level of cognition, which is resistant to change and has a profound and powerful effect on a person's cognitions and emotions. Negative spontaneous thoughts and their underlying intersubjective assumptions are influenced by schemas and this influence is particularly powerful when schemas are activate