International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Comparison between Effectiveness of Storytelling and Play Therapy on Kindergarten Children Separation Anxiety
No full textIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of storytelling and play therapy on kindergarten children's separation anxiety.Methods: The present study was semi-experimental with control group design and included pre-test, post- test. Sampling was purposeful in which 30 children from Garmsar kindergartens who were diagnosed as suffering separation anxiety disorder were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (10 subjects each). The instrument used in this paper was CSI4 questionnaire part (J) specifically for separation anxiety disorder. The experimental groups received eight weekly sessions of storytelling and play therapy. Analysis of the data was done by using descriptive statistics and inferential tests such as covariance and Benferroni test analysis was conducted.Results: The results showed that storytelling and play therapy were effective on reduction of separation anxiety disorder in post-test (α<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of storytelling and play therapy interference (α>0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, storytelling and play therapy were applied interference methods for reducing the symptoms of separation anxiety and improving social performances of pre- school aged children.
Prevalence of sensory processing disorder among children between ages of 5 to 11 years old in Tehran
Get PDFBackground: the aim of this study was Compare sensory status of children 5 to 11 years in Tehran, according to the age and gender based on sensory profile questionnaire.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2191 children from 5 to 11 years in Tehran were selected using random cluster sampling. The survey questionnaire was used in sensory profile. Information collected from these children using statistical methods, Kolmogorov - Smirnov, Mann Whitney Welch and ANOVA were used, in all testes less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the people involved in sensory processing disorder, sensory sensitivity factor and lowest factor involved in fine movement/perception. The results of Mann Whitney showed that the middle of the factor of sensory sensitivity, emotional reaction, and oral sensory sensitive, inattention and destructibility, sensory sensitivity and fine movements / perception both males and females differ significantly (P < 0.001). the findings of this research also showed that the age and the factor of sensory seeking, low muscle tone and endurance, oral sensory sensitive, inattention and distraction, poor sensory registration, sedentary, fine movements / perception there is a significant relationship (P <0.001).Conclusion: This study is the first evidence of significant differences in the pattern of sensory processing in children without disabilities provides and according to the impact of the disorder on the quality of life of children and their adverse effects on the children's personal and social life, Screening school-aged children and trying to treat it is necessary.Declaration of Interest: None.
Comparison of cognitive behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment group therapy on quality of life of breast cancer women
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer diagnosis always causes a great deal of stress and result in significant changes in the patient’s routine life which is apart from physical injuries, can lead to losing social roles and increased risk of mental disorders which can negatively effects their quality of life.Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment group therapy on quality of life of breast cancer women.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group design. Thirty women suffering from breast cancer randomly and equally assigned in to two interventions and a control groups. The treatments consisted of eight weekly acceptance and commitment group therapy and also eight weekly cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions and follow-up evaluations were carried out two months later. The QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23 questionnaires were applied in this study.Results: Comparing with cognitive-behavioral group therapy, significant enhancement was indicated in total and all scales of QlQ-C30 and QlQ-BR23 scores in acceptance and commitment group therapy’s post-test and the results were also preserved at follow-up test.Conclusions: It is suggested by the findings of this research that acceptance and commitment program appears to be more efficient and feasible therapeutic intervention than cognitive-behavioral therapy for improving quality of life of women suffering from breast cancer
The relationship between personality traits and workaholism in Iranian public bank employees
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between workaholism and personality traits among bank employees. Participants in this were consisted of Iranian public banks employees working in Mellat, Keshavarzi and Melli banks' branches in three different regions known as Tehran, Rasht, and Abhar city. Methods: Sample size was calculated using Cochran formula and included 150 participants. For data collection short form of NEO-FFI questionnaire (the questionnaire for evaluating Big Five) and WorkBAT (Workaholism questionnaire) were used. Data were analyzed through descriptive and correlation analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling. Results: There was significant positive correlation between conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion with positive workaholism and positive relationship between agreeableness with positive workaholism. Neuroticism had negative correlation with positive workaholism. Also, our analysis showed that there is a significant positive correlation between conscientiousness and openness with negative workaholism and negative correlation between neuroticism with negative workaholism. There was no relationship between negative workaholism and two other components (agreeableness and extraversion). Conclusion: Workaholism has positive and negative dimensions with two different meanings. According to analysis, the relationship between personality traits and workaholism depends on the aspect that we consider. Declaration of Interest: None
The comparison of executive function among students with / without depression in Shiraz
Get PDFIntroduction: Studies asset the effect of executive function deficit on depression disorder are growing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is comparison of the executive function in students with depression traits and non- depressed students.Methods: Ex post facto method used on 15 students with depression traits and 15 non-depressed individuals from students of academic year 2016- 2017 of Shiraz University who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. At first, 200 students was selected by multistage random sampling method from the all undergraduate students and they completed Beck Depression Inventory to select the subjects with depression and Millon clinical multiaxial inventory (MCMI III) in order to exclude subjects with personality disorder criteria. Then, we chose students with depression traits. 15 students with depression traits and 15 non-depressed students completed Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The findings were analyzed through descriptive statistic, Multivariate variance analysis using SPSS version 16.Results: The sample ranged from 20-24 with an average age of 19.55. Results showed that students with depression traits in comparison with non- depressed students have higher perseveration error and total errors, and lower number of complete (P<0.05).Conclusion: Since deficits in cognitive performance and executive function might result in depression, attention to these factors to be modified is efficient
The Effectiveness of Job Stress Management on Improving Mental Health and Self-Efficacy of Training the Teachers
Get PDFBackground: Job stress is one of the most important problems in the modern world and have created many concerns for many organizations. The aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of job stress management on improving mental health and self-efficacy of training the teachers.Methods: Forty teachers(21 women, and 19 men) were selected by simple random sampling assigned into the experimental and control groups. With a pre-test and post-test-control group design, subjects in the experimental group, undergone sessions of stress management training both groups were evaluated using Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale(TSES) and mental health inventory(MHI) in pre-test and post-test. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: Findings show that there were not significant differences between two groups in pretest, but stress management training, significantly increases psychological well-being and teaching self-efficacy scores in experimental group.Conclusion: The stress management training, could be intervention program in target groups and counseling centers, and with enhancing psychological well-being and senses of teaching self-efficacy of teachers, increase education to productivity of schools
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Impulsivity of Patients with Depression
Get PDFIntroduction: Impulsivity is one of the main cores of bipolar disorder and the maintenance factor of depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy in impulsivity of patients with bipolar I disorder and major depression disorder.Method: The study design was quasi-experimental. The study population included all patients with bipolar I disorder and major depression disorder that have been referred to the public and private treatment centers of Zanjan; among those, 12 patients with bipolar I disorder and 12 patients with major depression disorder were selected based on psychiatric diagnosis and on the criteria of DSM-IV. Also by Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and according to the inclusion criteria and convenient sampling, all patients received 8 sessions of 90 minutes treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy. All Patients were assessed three times (before treatment, mid-treatment and end of treatment) using the Impulsivity Questionnaire (Barrat et al, 1977). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure test.Results: The results of data analysis indicated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in decreasing impulsivity (F (66, 3) =115/7; P<0/001, ETA=0/84) and the components of attention/cognitive impulsivity (p<0/001), motor impulsivity (p<0/001), and non-planning (p<0/001) in both groups of patients with bipolar disorder-I and major depression disorder.Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy decreases the impulsivity of patients with bipolar disorder and major depression disorder by increasing awareness, psychological acceptance, emotional isolation, management of emotions, reducing ineffective control and use of problem-solving
The effectiveness of Solution- Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in parents of children with cancer
Get PDFIntroduction: During cancer treatment, parents are faced with a number of challenges that require making difficult situations. The aim of this project was investigating effectiveness of SFBT on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in parents of children with cancer. Methods: The present research will be an experimental study with pretest-posttest design using control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study include all parents of children with cancer of Shiraz hospitals during 2016-2017. To select the statistical sample, convenient sampling method will be used. 24 people will be randomly selected and they will be randomly assigned in a control group (12 people), an experimental group (12 people). Instrument was used in this research includes Impact of Events Scale. Results: Investigating the significance hypothesis revealed that of difference among the two groups in Co-variance analysis in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms in the posttest was significant (F = 256.0, P = .0001). Investigating the significance hypothesis revealed that of difference among the two groups in multiple Co-variance analysis in terms of subscales of posttraumatic stress symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal) in the posttest was significant (F = 50.0, P = .0001 in intrusion, F = 173.0, P = .0001 in avoidance and F = 124.0, P = .0001 in hyperarousal). Conclusion: The research findings showed that solution- focused brief therapy on posttraumatic stress symptoms was effectiveness. The authors contend that SFBT is particularly well-suited for use with cancer patients and their families because “the nature of the disease is such that crises are intermittent throughout the course of the illness”
Investigating the relationship between obsessive symptoms and obsessive beliefs with mindfulness
Get PDFIntroduction: The present research aimed at studying the relationship between obsessive symptoms and obsessive beliefs with mindfulness, regarding the students at state and non-state universities of Rasht city. Methods: The design of the study was correlational descriptive. Statistical population in this study included male and female university students during the 2015-2016 academic year of different grades, and the samples in pilot study included 380 whom were selected based on the Morgan Table and multi-step cluster sampling methods. The revised OCI-R for OCD questionnaire as well as OBQ44 obsessive beliefs questionnaire, FFMQ five factor mindfulness questionnaire were used. Also, to analyze the data, multi--variant regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS (version 20) were used. Results: Findings showed that correlated values between obsessive symptoms and obsessive beliefs with students’ mindfulness, were statistically meaningful (p<0/01). There was a negative correlated value (r= %54 as a statistical meaningful difference). Also, there was a negative correlation between mindfulness actions and obsessive-compulsive correlated value (r = %46) as a statistically meaningful difference (p<0/01). A negative correlated value (r = -%42) was observed as a statistical significant difference between non-judgment on the intrinsic events and obsession. Conclusion: Results showed a relation between the obsessive symptoms and obsessive beliefs in students. The more increase in mindfulness observation, the less doubt and obsessive checking would be in students. The more increase in mindfulness actions, the less obsessive compulsive in students and the more increase in non-judgment property towards intrinsic events, the less mind obsessive would be observable
Meaning of Life in Retirees: The Relationship of Personality Traits and Religious Attitude
Get PDFIntroduction: Retirement is one of the most important spans of life especially in current times which aged population is growing fast and needs more attention. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and religious attitudes with the meaning of life in retirees. Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. The population included all inhabitants in Nahavand of Iran which 200 of them were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tools were NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Religious Attitude Scale (RAS) and Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between personality traits and meaning of life (p<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between neuroticism and meaning of life (p<0.05), and there were significant positive relationships between the meaning of life with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (p<0.05). There was also a significant positive relationship between religious attitude and meaning of life (p<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and religious attitude could explain 37% of the meaning of life variance significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall the results showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and religious attitude have important role in people’s sense of meaning in their lives. Declaration of Interest: None