International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The role of professional ethics components on job knowledge sharing and organizationalflourishing of employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth in Isfahan province: * Corresponding Author:Masoome Hosseini، Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran Iran, Email: [email protected] ORCID:0000-0002-6329-948X
No full textBackground and Aim: The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of the role of professional ethics components on the sharing of professional knowledge and organizational flourishing of employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Isfahan province.
Materials and Methods:This research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose. The data was collected in the field and through a questionnaire. The statistical population of all employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Isfahan province is 296 people. Due to the limitedness of the statistical population, a sample similar to the population was considered. Data analysis was done using SPSS and AMOS software.
Findings: The results of the research showed that the path coefficient of the relationship between attachment and interest in work on job knowledge sharing is 0.392 and on flourishing is 0.187. The results of persistence and seriousness on job knowledge sharing is 0.123 and on flourishing is 0.222. Healthy relationships on job knowledge sharing is 0.240 and on flourishing is 0.466. Collective spirit and participation in work is 0.256 on job knowledge sharing and 0.320 on growth.
Conclusion: The study shows that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the components of professional ethics, job knowledge sharing and organizational flourishing of employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth in Isfahan provinc
A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of School Climate on Academic Self-Efficacy Across Gender and Age Groups
Get PDFBackground and Aim:This meta-analysis examines the relationship between school climate and academic self-efficacy as two important constructs in educational psychology.
Materials and Methods:Drawing on 11 empirical studies published between 2011 and 2024, this study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the research on how the school environment influences student beliefs in their academic abilities. The analysis used correlation-based metrics, including Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation and funnel plots, to assess publication bias, with results confirming the absence of bias. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q-test, which indicated significant variability among studies (Q = 150. 967, p< .001), supporting a random-effects model.
Results:The findings revealed a moderate to strong positive effect size (r = 0.54), suggesting that a supportive school climate is significantly associated with higher academic self-efficacy. Effect sizes varied by student demographic, with the strongest effects observed for male students (r = 0.58), followed by mixed-sex students (r = 0.53) and female students (r = 0.36). Additionally, student age accounted for 22% of the variability in the relationship between school climate and self-efficacy, as indicated by regression analyses.
Conclusion:These results highlight the importance of fostering a collaborative and empathetic school environment to enhance students' confidence in their academic capabilities, ultimately contributing to better educational outcome
The relationship between cognitive flexibility and social anxiety with perceived anxiety control in people with eating disorder symptoms: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation
Get PDFBackground and Aim:eating disorder is one public health problem with increasing prevalence during the last few decades. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and social anxiety and the perceived anxiety control in people with eating disorder symptoms.
Materials and Methods:The method of the present research was of descreaptive-structural equations. The statistical population of the research was included all the people who referred to health and counseling centers in Tehran, among them 384 people with symptoms of eating disorder (based on a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM5 criteria) selected through purposive sampling. The tools used in the research included questionnaires of social anxiety, cognitive flexibility, perceived anxiety control and cognitive emotion regulation. Pearson correlation method, structural modeling and partial least square algorithm (PLS) were used for data analysis.
Results:The results indicated the fitness of the research model. The findings showed that cognitive flexibility has a direct effect on social anxiety and perceived anxiety control (p<0.001). Also, cognitive flexibility has an indirect effect on social anxiety and perceived anxiety control through cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.001).
Conclusion:According to the findings of the present study, cognitive flexibility and cognitive emotion regulation play a key role in predicting social anxiety and the perception of anxiety control, and counseling and psychotherapy centers there is need for pay more attention to these variables in people with symptoms of eating disorder
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Physiological Measures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
No full textBackground and Aim:This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the studies that evaluated the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on biological measures in Iranians with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the study determined the combined effect size of the varying effect sizes observed in various studies.
Materials and Methods:A systematic search of Iranian scientific databases, including insane.ir, Magiran, SID, Noormags, and ISC, from 2013 to 2023, retrieved randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on biological measures in type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted based on the main PRISMA reporting guideline (the PRISMA 2020 statement), and a meta-analysis report was generated by reviewing the studies that met the inclusion criteria.
Results:Among the 26 studies, 10 were deemed suitable for inclusion based on the PRISMA statement, while the remaining 16 were excluded. The effect size of acceptance and commitment therapy on the biological markers in type 2 diabetes was 0.767, indicating a significant effect. The average effect sizes for fasting blood glucose (FBS), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2HPP), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were 0.798, 0.586, and 0.711, respectively. These effect sizes suggest a significant effect for FBS, a relatively strong impact for 2HPP, and a strong effect for HbA1c.
Conclusion:Acceptance and commitment therapy significantly improve the biological measures of patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, its impact on FBS and HbA1c indices exceeds that of HPP2
The effectiveness of Complicated Greif Treatment on Rumination, Emotion Regulation and Coping Self-Efficacy in People with Prolonged Grief Disorder
Get PDFBackground and aim: People bereaved during the first two waves of the Covid pandemic are three times more likely to have prolonged grief disorder (PGD), which can leave them lonely and in intense emotional pain. The disorder, can result in persistent longing for the deceased, intense emotional pain including guilt and denial, and trouble engaging with friends and planning for the future, all of which goes on for longer than six months. This research was planned and conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of complicated grief treatment (CGT) on rumination, emotion regulation, and coping self-efficacy in adults with prolonged grief disorder.
Materials and Methods: The present study design is a semi-experimental intervention of pretest-posttest with an experimental and control group and a two-month follow-up. First, based on psychiatrist's diagnosis and a semi-structured interview based on the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria of prolonged grief disorder conducted among people of this research, 30 participants were randomly selected using a purposive sampling method. They were replaced equally in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to the therapeutic intervention of "complicated grief treatment" which consisted of 16 sessions of 120 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After two months, the experimental group was examined again.
Results: The research findings were analyzed using descriptive indices such as mean and standard deviation, Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Based on the results, the main hypothesis of this research was confirmed. F calculated in the posttest and follow-up was significant. Therefore, the effectiveness of complicated grief treatment on rumination, emotion regulation and coping self-efficacy was confirmed in people with prolonged grief disorder who were in the experimental group. These effects were persistent after two months follow-up.
Conclusion: In general, our findings showed that complicated grief treatment (CGT) was effective on rumination, emotion regulation, and coping self-efficacy in people with prolonged grief disorder. CGT aims to revitalize adaptation by identifying and resolving grief complications and facilitating the three adaptive processes (acceptance of the reality of the death, reconfiguration of the internalized relationship to the deceased, and redefinition of life goals and plans)
Reasons for intending to childlessness in couples aged 30-45 years: A qualitative study: childlessness in couples
No full textBackground and Aim: The fertility rate of women in Iran has fallen below the replacement level, leading to concerns about population aging. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for not intending to have children among couples aged 30 to 45 in Tehran (1401-1402).
Materials and Methods: This study is a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to select participants from different backgrounds, locations, and social classes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted using Graneheim and Lundman's approach and MAXQDA 2022 software.
Results: The results were categorized into four main themes: individual, social, political, and economic factors. Individual factors included perceptions of spousal irresponsibility, ideal standards, emotional problems, mental health problems, and addiction issues. Political factors included fear of the future and lack of security, uncertain political climate, high education costs, perception of government indifference, and political restrictions. Economic factors were the cost of children, fear of financial instability, concerns about future careers, the negative impact of children on women's professional roles, and housing problems. Socio-cultural factors included the role of school and the importance of education.
Conclusion: This study revealed the complexity of the decision-making process regarding childlessness in this age group
Prediction of internet gaming disorder based on perceived stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder among male students in Tehran
Get PDFBackground and Aim:The Internet has become an integral part of human life. One field that is dramatically expanding is internet gaming, which can be harmful to those who overplay. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between internet gaming disorder, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder among high school students in Tehran.
Materials and Methods:This study used a descriptive survey-based data collection method. The research population consisted of all students who studied in Tehran during the research. The sample included 122 students who were selected by the convenient sampling method. The research instruments were the Internet Gaming Disorder Test-10 (IGDT-10), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQ-CV). Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data
.Results:The results showed a significant correlation between IGD and perceived stress, with a correlation coefficient of 0.645 (P<0.01). In contrast, there was a negative association between IGD and obsessional beliefs, but the correlation was not significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.014 and a significance level of 0.88 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the impact of the predictor variables on the dependent variable is statistically accepted. Based on the R2 coefficient of 0.457, this model can explain more than 47% of the variance in IGD. Additionally, perceived stress has a Beta coefficient of 0.663, which confirms the hypothesis that perceived stress predicts IGD positively (P<0.01). In contrast, obsessional beliefs have a Beta coefficient of 0.123, which means they cannot significantly predict IGD.
Conclusion:It seems IGD is significantly related to perceived stress, and those with higher stress are more prone to IGD symptoms. Meanwhile, there is no correlation with obsessional beliefs. IGD appears to be more characterized by impulsivity than compulsivity. If the hallmark of behavioral addictions is the initial impulsivity followed by compulsivity, IGD may be more akin to an impulse-control disorder than a behavioral addiction
A Systematic Review of Personality changes after Mild-to-Severe traumatic brain injury
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Personality changes (PCs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can exacerbate a frequently widespread range of symptoms, including problems in behavioral responses and emotion and reduced activity levels. This study aimed to systematically review the PCs in people with mild to severe TBI.
Materials and Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using MeSH and free text terms between 1998 and 2024. Of the 1160 articles identified, 768 studies remained after duplicate studies were removed. The abstracts and full text of the search results were screened using Rayyan QCRI Intelligent Systematic Review.
Results:A final 67 studies were retrieved for full-text screening that met the inclusion criteria. After renewed screening, 27 studies were included in this review. The pooled sample size was 50369 participants aged 16-79 years. In addition, 25, 11, and 3 percent of the studies included all intense, severe, and mild TBI, respectively. Although several studies recognized personality changes between 3.5 and 88% in individuals with TBI, aggressiveness with 33% frequency is the most common personality change following traumatic brain injury in all intensities.
Conclusion:Research showed that changes in personality and behavior can be due to the injury at a natural level, as well as the patient's response to the injury and the subsequent disabilities they may encounter. Moreover, the high frequency of reported personality disorders indicates that there is no distinct personality syndrome after TBI, which is personalized for each person and has an effect on their quality of life and daily functioning. Hence, to accurately diagnose and implement treatment interventions early and effectively, it is crucial to acknowledge and explain the symptoms, outcomes, phenomenology, and characteristics of deficits caused by TBI
The Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Program on Psychological Manifestations in Patients with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with violence, disobedience, stubbornness, anger, and aggression. The role of promoting emotional intelligence on psychological manifestations such as aggression and social anxiety has not been studied.
Materials and Methods:In a pilot randomized clinical trial, during October 2017 to March 2018, 30 adolescents with a diagnosis of ODD were purposefully selected. Subjects were divided into two groups through block randomization (BR). Emotional intelligence education was provided to the experimental group in the form of eight one-hour weekly sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Participants answered the questionnaires of emotional intelligence, social anxiety, and aggression in two time periods before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 21.
Results:Preliminary results showed that the intervention of emotional intelligence education had a significant effect on the indicators of aggression, emotional intelligence, and social anxiety (all p's <0.05). Secondary outcomes showed that this intervention was effective on the indicators of physical discomfort and social anxiety (p >0.05).
Conclusion:The findings of the present study indicate the effective role of emotional intelligence education on psychological indices such as aggression, emotional intelligence and social anxiety. These findings could be associated with clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents
A Structural Model for Predicting Physical Health Based on Attachment Styles: The Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Attachment styles directly and through other psychological factors play an important role in physical health and illness. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of fitting the model of attachment styles on physical health with the mediating of psychological well-being.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, among all medical students in Gilan and Qazvin provinces during May 2022 to February 2023 who completed their internship during the Corona epidemic and subsequent strains, 550 students were selected by convenience sampling. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Questionnaire, Psychological Well-Being Scale and Physical Health Scale. In the descriptive data analysis, mean, standard deviation and correlation and statistical assumptions of the tests were used with SPSS software, and for hypothesis testing with structural equation modeling, Liesrel software was used with a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The findings showed that attachment styles have a direct and significant relationship with physical health, and psychological well-being mediates the relationship between attachment styles and physical health (P<0.001). The model has a good fit (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Attachment styles predict physical health and psychological well-being acts as a mediator in the relationship between attachment styles and physical health. These results contain practical themes in formulating appropriate interventions to promote physical health and prevent diseases based on attachment styles and psychological well-being