International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Reinforcement Sensitivity, Moral Cognition, Moral Identity, and Moral Judgment among College students
Get PDFIntroduction: Morality and moral behavior are one of the main themes of psychology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between reinforcement sensitivity و moral identity, moral cognition and utilitarianism in personal and impersonal moral judgments. Method: Statistical population consisted of 303 students (only males) were randomly selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Results: Results showed a strong relationship between Reinforcement Sensitivity dimensions with moral identity, moral cognition and personal and impersonal moral judgment. The series of multiple regression analyses showed that Fight-Flight-Freeze systems (FFFS) were strongly able to predict moral dimensions of cognition, identity and moral judgment. FFFS were strong predictors in all of moral dimensions. Conclusion: The results expand the understanding of the moral dimensions and indicate how domains of reinforcement sensitivity could explain the moral identity, moral cognition and utilitarianism in moral judgments. Declaration of Interest: None
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy on Pain Tolerance and Trait-State Anxiety Among Children with leukemia cancer in Isfahan City
Get PDFIntroduction: Due to the painful and long-term treatments of cancer, children with cancer may suffer from severe psychological problems such as anxiety and decreased level of pain tolerance. Accordingly, psychological treatments such as play therapy can be helpful in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on pain tolerance and trait-state anxiety in children with cancer in Isfahan. Method: The statistical population of this study was all children aged 9 to 12 years old who were referred to specialized cancer clinic of Isfahan in 2016. 30 of them were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The results were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy games resulted in increased pain tolerance and decreased trait anxiety in children with cancer (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, cognitive-behavioral play therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to relieve anxiety and increase pain tolerance in these children. Declaration of Interest: None
Effectiveness of Object Relation Approach on Ego Strength and Communicational Patterns among Married Women with Breast Cancer
Get PDFIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of object relation approach onego strength and communicational patterns among married women with breast cancer.Method: The present experimental study included pre-test, post-test with the control group design. Thestatistical population of this study consisted of all 40-60 years old women with breast cancer in Tabriz.Thirty people were selected by sampling method and were randomly placed in both experimental and controlgroups. The Instruments used in this study were psychological inventory of ego strength (PIES) andChristensen and Suhhaway communicational patterns questionnaire (CPQ). The experimental group receivedobject relations training for six 90-minutes sessions, one session in a week. Analysis of the data was doneusing descriptive and inferential tests such as covariance analysis was conducted.Results: The findings showed that difference between two groups of the experimental and control one wassignificant in terms of ego strength (p<0.001) and mutual constructive patterns (p<0.001) .Conclusion: Based on the results, the object relation approach has a significant impact on the modulation ofthe ego's strength, by modifying and improving the defense mechanisms of the patients. Also this approachimproves the communication patterns of women with breast cancer. They were able to communicate moremature with the spouse and family thus they were able to improve their communication patterns. Objectrelation approach can be used in similar cases
Role of Sexual Function in Prediction of Anxiety, Stress and Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Get PDFIntroduction: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most serious causes of neurodevelopmental disorder in young adults, which can reduce libido, self-esteem and emotional reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sexual function in predicting anxiety, stress, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The data of the present study were collected during April to July 2018. For this purpose, 132 patients were selected through purposive sampling method among women with Multiple Sclerosis under the coverage of MS Society of Iran. Demographic checklist, structured clinical interview, self-esteem scale, female sexual function index, and depression, anxiety and stress scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, linear regression analysis and step-by-step analysis in SPSS software environment. Results: Data analysis showed that sexual function among patients was a predictor of anxiety and stress (all B's > 2.44; all p's <0.035), but failed to predict depression (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study reflect the difference in the fundamental and multidimensional nature of depression compared to anxiety and stress indices. This findings showed sexual function in predicting depression index is insignificant. In fact, depression index is more complex than anxiety and stress, although they have common pathologic base. The results of this study can be used to design new pathologic approaches Declaration of Interest: None
A study of the influence of emotion regulation strategies on intrusive thoughts
No full textIntroduction: On the one hand, there are contradictory evidence on the effects of emotion regulation strategies on intrusive thoughts and on the other hand, the effect of alternative strategies, such as acceptance on retrieval of autobiographical memory has not been extensively studied yet. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the influences of thought suppression, and acceptance on intrusive thoughts in non-clinical sample.Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted with 66 participants that were randomly assigned to 3 groups (thought suppression, acceptance, and control group). Participants answered to some questionnaires. Then, a clip and a related instruction were presented for each group. They were asked to perform according to instruction after movie and put in a tick in a paper whenever the thoughts of movie come to their mind. Reults were analysed using ANOVA in SPSS.Results: Results indicated that there is a significant differences between groups, and striking differences were between the acceptance group and thought suppression.Conclusion: this result is consistent with the hypothesis that avoidance is a short term, useful emotion regulation mechanism. Although acceptance led to a significant increase of intrusive thoughts, it may have beneficial impacts on mood. Results are discussed in terms of cross-cultural findings
The effects of positive parenting program (Triple P) on parenting styles and the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study gives an account of the effects of Triple P, positive parenting program, on parenting styles as well as the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child. Methods: This study is a clinical trial, which sets out to explore the effects of psychiatric disorders on 30 parents – parents of teenagers being admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran – based on the diagnosis of child psychiatrist, teenagers with psychiatric disorders were studied in two groups: trial and control. Positive parenting program i.e. Triple P sessions were held for the trial group while the control group received usual clinical services. Results: Based on the results of the present study, after holding 3P sessions, Baumrind`s parenting styles scores show some improvement in comparison with previous test scores; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.167). The overall score of the child`s strengths and difficulties questionnaire, that was completed by the parents, represents a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between the test scores before and after the intervention. Conclusion: It is important to note that positive parenting interventions can improve and, at the same time, change parenting styles. Moreover, Triple P can change parents` attitudes concerning the strengths and difficulties of the child, not to mention improving their parenting styles. Our results are consistent with those of similar studies on children. Declaration of Interest: Non
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Improving Mental Health and Quality of Life of Spouses of Patients under Methadone Maintenance Treatment, a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFIntroduction: Drug abuse by a family member is associated with adverse psychological consequences for other family members. The research background indicates the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the psychological components of addiction. This study was conducted aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on improving mental health and quality of life of the addicted spouses. Methods: In double-blind randomized clinical trial, from April to September 2016, 30 patients under methadone maintenance treatment were selected through respondent-driven sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups by block randomization. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was presented to the experimental group in the form of a classic protocol in eight weekly sessions and the control group was merely received routine treatments of the center. Data were collected at two intervals of before and after treatment by two mental health and quality of life questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed using covariance analysis in the software environment of SPSS 22. Results: The primary outcomes showed that the mental health index was significantly improved in the experimental group (0.000). Also, the secondary outcomes showed an increase in the scores of quality of life (0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study, while confirming the research background on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the psychological indices of families with an addicted member, can be used in designing of treatment interventions in the field of addiction. However, further studies are needed in this regard
Role of Personality Characteristics and Family Communication Patterns in Predicting Couple Burnout among Employee in Iranian Oil Terminals Co
Get PDFCouple burnout is a painfully physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion, consequences such as marital dissatisfaction and ultimately leads to divorce. The present study aimed to investigate of the Studying Personality Characteristics and the Role of Family Communication Patterns in Predicting Couple Burnout in Employees of Iranian Oil Terminals Company. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, correlational type, 200 employees were selected among married employees of Iranian oil Terminals Company.They were selected in a form of simple sampling randomly. They were tested with personality questionnaire, )NEO , Costa & McCrae), Family communications patterns questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway) and couples burnout (Pines).For data analysis correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The result indicated that the except openness factor, other personality Characteristics had significant relation with couple burnout and this relation for Neuroticism was positive significant and for extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Were negative significant relation. The result also indicated that relationship between all Component communication patterns and couple burnout had significant relation and this relationship for mutual constructive communication was negative significant and for other three subscales were positive significant. The result also indicated mutual constructive communication pattern and, man Expectance / woman avoidance, woman Expectance / man avoidance predicted couple burnout. Neuroticism was the only attribute of the personality Characteristics that able to predicted couple burnout
The comparison of the problem solving style and abstract thinking between men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and normal subjects
No full textIntroduction: To projects, substance dependent individuals have problem in thinking. Drug dependence is Chronic and recurrent phenomenon with serious harm to the physical, financial, social and family along. The aim of present study is comparison of the problem solving style and abstract thinking in men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and normal men.Methods: Ex post facto method was used on 60 men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and 60 normal men from addiction treatment clinics in Shiraz who were selected through judgmental convenient sampling. The instrument was the problem solving style questionnaire and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The findings were analyzed through Student t test using SPSS version 21.Results: Result showed that the difference between two groups in approach style and creative problem-solving style, sorting piles and preservative errors. There are no difference between two groups in helplessness, problem-solving control, problem-solving confidence and avoidance style.Conclusion: Data analysis showed that men undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) have problem in problem solving and the abstract thinking, So clinical psychologists should pay attention cognitive factors in treatment substance dependent individuals
Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Relation with Job Stress and Life Satisfaction in Nurses of Imam Hossein Hospital
Get PDFAbstract: Background and Aim: Considering that the level of quality of life in nurses has important role on their function and plays major role at the level of giving services to patients and the health system, Current study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stressors and self-efficacy with life satisfaction in nurses of Imam Hossein Hospital.Materials and Methods: Current study is based on structural equation modeling. The samples consisted of 120 nurses from Imam Hossein Hospital who were randomly selected. Research tools were a checklist for demographic information and two other valid and reliable the Sherer General Health Inventory, Hospital Job Stress (HSS) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) questionnaires. To evaluate the model, structural equation modeling and coefficient Pearson correlation were applied. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: There was significant relationship, the direct effect of self-efficacy on life satisfaction (p<0.01), direct effect of occupational stress on self-efficacy (p<0.01) and Indirect effect of job stress on satisfaction with life (p<0.05) variables.Conclusion: Self-efficacy reduces the effects and negative symptoms of stress, and increases individual's ability to cope with stress and this causes lack of individual's discomfort and his calm in face of problems and increases his/her level of happiness and satisfaction with life