International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Structural Model of Social Well-being in workplace based on Bright-side Personality, Dark Triad and Collectivism Culture,Considering the Mediating Role of Social Influence
Get PDFIntroduction: Social well-being is one of three employee well-being dimensions and the missed piece of subjective well-being literature. The purpose of current research was modeling the social well-being in workplace, based on person-situation model and social exchange theory. This mediated-moderated structural model is developed considering the interactive role of bright and dark triad and collectivism organizational culture, besides mediation role of social influence tactics.Method: Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analyzing this second-order hierarchical latent variable model. Participants were 292 employees of Iran National oil Company in the summer of 1398.Results: Fitness indices indicates the good fitness of social-wellbeing model (SRMR<0.08, NFI>0.9). Results showed that bright side of personality and collectivism organizational culture affect social well-being directly. In addition, findings showed that dark triad influences on social well-being is fully mediated by social influence tactics; so that Machiavellianism and narcissism increase the social well-being levels by influencing soft influence tactics utilization; Whereas psychopathy leads to applying hard influence tactics and cause social well-being reduction. Moderating effect of collectivism organizational culture on bright side of personality and social well-being was confirmed as well.Conclusion: Overall findings indicate that personality factors are important determinants of social well-being, but understanding the social well-being construct in workplace requires including the whole image of bright and dark side of personality, as well as organization cultural factors
The Structural modeling of the health and dangerous behaviors based on psychological capital and hardiness among students of Tehran universities: time horizon as a mediator
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Introduction: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the structural pattern of health-oriented and high-risk behaviors based on psychological capital and hardiness in students of Tehran universities due to the mediating role of time horizon.Method: This study is a descriptive - correlational study. For this purpose, 350 students of Tehran's national and Azad universities were selected using random sampling and answered the questionnaires provided to them. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method. Spss-25 and Lisrel 8.85 statistical software were used to analyze the research data.Results: Evaluation of the conceptual model of the research using fit indicators showed that the conceptual model is compatible with the measurement model (CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.90, and RMSEA = 0.073). The research findings showed that the hardiness and psychological capital have a significant effect on both health-oriented and high-risk behaviors both directly and indirectly through the time horizon. Also, the time horizon has a significant direct effect on healthy and high-risk behaviors.Conclusion: According to the obtained results and the appropriate fit of the hypothetical structural model, psychological capital, hardiness, and time horizon can be considered as the main factors affecting health-oriented behaviors and high-risk behaviors. It is better to use these factors in the design of prevention programs and interventions in the field of health
The Role of Identity Styles in Predicting Academic Motivation among Adolescent Girls
Get PDFIntroduction: The subject of identity styles and its role in different stages of life has beenconfirmed by numerous researches. However, the role of identity styles on academic motivation hasnot been considered. This study was conducted in response to a research need.This study wasconducted aimed to investigate the relationship between identity styles and academic motivation inadolescent girls in Tehran.Method: In a cross-sectional study, in the form of a correlational design, 201 participants wereestimated among high school girl students and were selected using purposive sampling method.Data were gathered using demographic checklist, structured clinical interview, Berzonsky's identitystyle inventory, and Harter's motivational scale.Results: The data analysis showed that identity styles explained 32.8% of the variance of academicmotivation. Regression coefficients showed that informational identity style (β=0.159, p<0.05) andcommitment identity style (β=0.295, p<0.01) directly and diffuse identity style (β=-0.196, p<0.01)reversely predicted academic motivation in adolescent high school girl students.Conclusion: The findings of this study, in line with the previous studies, indicate the relationbetween identity styles and motivation. These findings indicate the importance of identity styles inacademic motivatio
Relationship between Resilience and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Patients with the Mediating Role of Lifestyle
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiovascular disease, as a chronic and debilitating physical condition, is one of the most common causes of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between resilience and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.Method: The present study was a descriptive-correlational and structural equation. The statistical population of the present study includes all cardiovascular patientsreferring to cardiovascular hospitals in Tehran in 2019, of which 303 people were selected as the sample by the purposed sampling method. Data collection tools included the qualityof life,health-promoting lifestyle profile, and Connor Davidson resilience scale.Results: The results showed there is a significant positive relationship between lifestyle with quality of life in patients with heart disease. Resilience had a positive relationship with quality of life. Lifestyle also played a mediating role in resilience to quality of life (P<0.01).Conclusion: Based on this, in the field of designing the necessary measures to improve the quality of life in cardiovascular patients, it is possible to develop programs to strengthen resilience and a healthy lifestyle
Effectiveness of Pennsylvania Prevention Program and Program based in Islamic Criteria on Marital Satisfaction of Mothers with an autistic child
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the classical Pennsylvania prevention program and program based on Iranian-Islamic criteria on the marital satisfaction of mothers with an autisticchild. Method: 45 volunteers have been selected through convenience sampling among mothers of autistic children, having medical records at the Rehabilitation Center of Shahrud, and whose disorders were approved by an expert psychologist. The samples were randomly placed into two intervention groups and a control group (each group 15 subjects). The interventions were conducted in five,2-hour sessions per weak and the participants responded ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS) before and after the interventions. Data analysis was donethrough ANCOVA and MANCOVA. Results: The results showed that three groups have a significant difference in a total score of marital satisfaction and components of satisfaction, conflict resolution, leisure time (p<0.05). The effectiveness of the Pennsylvania prevention program based on Iranian-Islamic criteria was significantly higher than the Pennsylvania Prevention program(p<0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, Pennsylvania Prevention Program has positive effects on psychological health and improves maritalrelationships by combining a variety of approaches and techniques including psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, rational-emotional therapy, problem-solving and social skills training
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion-focused Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Health locus of Control of Patients with Coronary Heart Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of mortality in the world. Inaddition to physical problems, they are also influenced by psychological factors and psychologicaltherapies along with biological therapy can help to improve these patients. The purpose of this studywas to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and emotionfocused therapy (EFT) on Health locus of control of coronary heart patients.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Thestatistical population of the study included patients with coronary heart disease in the city of Karaj.Patients were 30 to 60 years old who referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Karaj. Samples wereselected using convenient sampling method and were assigned randomly into two experimental andone control group. Data were collected using health locus of control questionnaire. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance.Results: outcomes showed that ACT and EFT are effective on adjusting the Health locus of controlin patients with coronary heart disease, and there was a significant difference between theexperimental and control group (F = 7.25, p <0.05).But there was no difference between theefficacy of the two treatments.Conclusion: Psychological therapies such as ACT and EFT increase self-care in cardiac patients byincreasing control and increasing sense of responsibility
Effectiveness of Hardiness Training Intervention on Students' Perceived Stress and Psychological Hardiness
Get PDFIntroduction: Today's world is full of unavoidable stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological hardiness training intervention on perceived stress in students of Payame Noor University in Garmsar.Methods: By available sampling, 31 subjects (29 girls and 2 boys) whose perceived stress scores were higher than the mean (M = 27.26) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received 12 sessions of the hardiness training intervention. Participants completed perceived stress scale and the hardiness personality inventory before and after the intervention.Results: The results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in perceived stress and a significant increase in psychological hardiness (P <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Therefore, the psychological hardiness training increased the psychological hardiness and its components including challenge, commitment, control and decreased perceived stress in students in the face of stressful events
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Differentiation of Self and Emotional Control among Couples with Marital Maladjustment
Get PDFIntroduction: The family is the most important constituent of the society and marital maladjustment isconsidered as a threat to growth and development in marital life. This study was conducted aimed to evaluatethe effectiveness of group schema therapy on differentiation of self and emotional control in couples withmarital maladjustment.Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, during October 2018 to January 2019, among couples withmarital maladaptation referring to counselling centers in Tehran, 16 couples were selected using purposefulsampling. Participants were assigned into two groups using block randomization. The experimental groupreceived eight 90-minute sessions of Schema Therapy on weekly and based on Young Manual and thecontrol group was placed on the waiting list. Questionnaires of Dyadic Adjustment, emotional control anddifferentiation were completed by the participants in two stages. Data were analyzed using multivariateanalysis of covariance in SPSS 21 software.Results: Primary outcomes showed that schema therapy had a significant effect on the four dimensions ofdifferentiation of self; including emotional responsiveness (p<0.05), my position (p<0.01), emotionaldigression (p<0.01), and interactions with others (p<0.01). Secondary outcomes also showed theeffectiveness of this intervention on emotional control in the form of emotional inhibition, aggressioncontrol,intellectual rumination and benign control(p<0.05) in couples.Conclusion: The findings of this study are in the line with the previous studies suggesting the role ofmaladaptive schemas in marital problems. Schema therapy had a significant effect on differentiation of selfand emotional control in couples with marital maladjustment
The Effectiveness of Group Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotional Regulation and Rumination in Girls with Traumatic Experience
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of group dialectical behavior therapy on emotional regulation and rumination among female students with traumatic experiences. The traumatic experiences among teenagers and young females have various negative impacts on their future life.Methods: With reference to the Counseling Center of Education Ministry of Mashhad City. 24 female students with traumatic symptoms were selected in this quasi-experimental study to participate in this study. They were assigned randomly into control and experimental groups using the traumatic events questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). In the pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up, the difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale of Gratz and Roemer (DERS) was conducted. The experimental participants spent 14 sessions of group dialectical behavior therapy.Results: The results demonstrated that there were a significant difference between mean scores of emotional regulation difficulties in girls with traumatic experiences who received group dialectical behavior therapy and the mean scores of emotional regulation difficulties in girls with traumatic experiences who did not receive the intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion: With the impact of dialectical behavior group therapy on the cognitive and emotional aspects of female participants with traumatic experiences, students were able to increase their emotional regulation and manage rumination.Declaration of Interest: NoneKey words: Dialectical behavior therapy, Rumination, Emotion regulation, Traumatic experiences
Explanation of Infidelity among Married Women in Tehran
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering the lack of knowledge in the field of infidelity and its consequences in the country and the insufficient familiarity with the expressions of infidelity behaviors, the present study aimed at investigating the phenomenological experience of infidelity in married women. Methods: The present study used a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Population of the study included women engaged in infidelity visiting one of the consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the year 2017. Sampling of the population was carried out using the targeted snowball sampling method. Size of the sample was increased up to saturation point and, overall, 10 married women with the experience of infidelity were subjected to investigation. Semi-structured interview method was used to gather data and the data were analyzed through the Colaizzi's method. Results: The results demonstrated that infidelity occurs due to several factors including deficiency needs, the perpetrators' psychological qualities, marital compatibility, consequences expected from infidelity, and etiology of starting infidelity. Discussion: There are several factors involved in women's inclination to infidelity. Based on the findings of the present study, the practical proposition is to arrange therapy sessions and instructional manuals based on the concepts and axes extracted from the analysis of the interviews with people who have shared their phenomenological experience of infidelity with us. Declaration of Interest: None