International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment based Therapy and Emotion-focused Therapy on Adherence to Treatment in Cardiac Patients
Get PDFIntroduction:The role of adherence to treatment in many chronic diseases, including heart disease, has been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on adherence to treatment in Cardiac Patients.Method: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of all patients referring to Dr. HeshmatRasht Hospital during February to March 2019 were available by purposeful sampling methodand then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and standardized adherence to treatment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS software, version 25.Results: outcomes showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion focused therapy were effective on Adherence to treatment (P<0.001). Also, the results of the covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between the groups' adjusted averages for adherence (ETA= 0.804, P= 0.001, F (2,41)=83.904). In other words, there is a significant difference between the two experimental methods onAdherence to treatment in cardiac patients (acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy) with the control group.Conclusion:According to the results of this study, training of above mentioned therapies can play an important role as adjunctive and rehabilitation therapy along with medical treatments by increasing adherence to treatment
The Mediating Role of Self-conscious Emotions, Disconnection and Rejection in the Relationship between Maternal Separation and Suicidal Ideation
Get PDFIntroduction: Suicide is one of the major health problems and challenges in the world, which hasvarious social, psychological, economic, and cultural dimensions. This study aims to determine themediating role of self-conscious emotions and the domain of disconnection and rejection schemasin the relationship between maternal psychological separation and suicidal ideation.Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 573 studentsfrom Tehran who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. In this study, the YoungSchema Questionnaire (YSQ), Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA-3), Psychological SeparationInventory (PSI), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) were used. Data were analyzedusing structural equation modeling with SPSS 21 and AMOS 24 software.Results: The results showed a significant and indirect effect of maternal separation variable onsuicidal ideation (β = 0. 145, p<0.05), a significant and indirect effect of disconnection schema onsuicidal ideation (β = 0.040, p<0.05), and the indirect and significant effect of maternal separationvariable on the self-conscious emotions variable (β = 0.104, p<0.05). The results also revealed thatthe path coefficient of separation from the mother to suicidal ideation (0.01) and self-consciousemotions (-0.01) were not significant.Conclusion: The results of the fitted model data analysis showed that psychological separationfrom the mother, mediated by the domain of disconnection and rejection schemas, predicts suicidalideation. Clinical interventions are recommended to be conducted for identifying and targetingschemas, particularly the domain of disconnection and rejection ones, in order to prevent suicidalideation and thoughts or repair and control them
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity in patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiovascular disease is a major medical problem worldwide.The purpose of the present researchwas to examine a comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety sensitivity in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Method:This research was a quasi-experimental one with the plan of the pre-test posttest, and control group. The statistics of this research consisted of patients with CVD who were treated at Kasra Hospital in Tehran in 2019. The samples were 135 patients aged 40-65 years with CVD identified among patients assigned to the two groups experimental and one control group. Data were collected using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index. The research data results were analyzed using the methods of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy significantly decreased anxiety sensitivity, physical concern, social concern, and cognitive concern in the experimental group (p<0.001).Discussion: These results suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy could adjust anxiety sensitivity in patients with CVD.Based on the results, these two interventions can by promoting social skills, realistic view of cognitive abilities and adaptive coping styles, reduce the anxiety sensitivity in patients with CVD
Prediction of Marital Dissatisfaction Based on the Resilience, Marital Commitment and Rumination
Get PDFIntroduction: Resilience and marital commitment can be considered as a protective factor for maintaining the relationship. On other hand, rumination is a psychological vulnerability factor that has negative effects on resilience and marital commitment. The present study was conducted aimed to predict marital dissatisfaction based on resilience, marital commitment, and rumination in couples seeking for separation.Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study in the form of correlational design. 170 women were selected using purposive sampling from all married women referred to the Dispute Resolution Council in Tehran. Data were collected using demographic checklist, structured clinical interviews, Couple Burnout Measurement, Resilience Scale, rumination questionnaire, and marital commitment scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: the results showed that triple components of commitment had a significant and indirect relationship with couple burnout (p< 0.05). Also, there was a significant indirect relationship between rumination with couple burnout and resilience with couple burnout (p< 0.05). Considering the Beta weight based on the first model showed that a standard deviation of change in rumination constituted 0.43 standard deviation of couple burnout. Also, beta coefficients in the second model indicated that a standard deviation of the simultaneous change in rumination dimensions and moral commitment would explain 0.43 and 0.312 standard deviations in couple burnout, respectively (all p's<0.01).Conclusion: These results indicate the role of psychological components in predicting the marital satisfaction and can have clinical applications in designing clinical interventions
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Training based on Positive Psychology and Motivational Interviewing on Emotional Distress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFIntroduction: Prevalence of diabetes has been rising in Iran that causes many social and economic problems. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training based on positive psychology and motivational interviewing on emotional distress in patients with type 2 diabetes.Method: Quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and control group were utilized in this study. The statistical population included patients with type 2 diabetes referring to the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute. 48 patients were selected with convenient sampling method and divided into two experimental group and a control group. The first group received positive psychology training. The second group received a motivational interviewing and the control group did not receive any treatment. The groups were evaluated before and after the intervention using emotional distress questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance.Result: The result showed positive psychology training and motivational interview training are effective on decreasing components of psychological distress including psychological distress in relation to diabetes management and depression-related problems in patients with diabetes and positive psychological training was more effective (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on results of this study, positive psychological and motivational interviewing training have positive effect on emotional distress of type 2 diabetes patients. Both of the interventions by strengthening positive motivation and modifying the levels of negative effects reduced emotional distress scores
Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on anxiety sensitivity in cardiac patients
Get PDFIntroduction: The role of anxiety sensitivity in the clinical course of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, has been confirmed, which can cause and develop a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity in cardiac patients . Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population was all patients referred to Dr. Heshmat Rasht hospital during February to March 2019. Sampling method was used to select the samples and then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS software, version 25.Results: outcomes showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion focused therapy were effective on Anxiety sensitivity(P = 0.000). also the results of the covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between the groups' adjusted averages for Anxiety sensitivity (ETA=0.910, P = 0.000, F(2,41)= 208.387). In other words, there is a significant difference between the two experimental methods on Anxiety sensitivity in cardiac patients (acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy) with the control group. Conclusions: Anxiety sensitivity plays a predisposing, accelerating, and sustaining role in cardiovascular disease, and training in the above treatments can play an important role as adjunctive and rehabilitation therapy alongside medical treatments.  
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on the Fear of Negative Evaluation and Automatic Thoughtsin Female Students
Get PDFIntroduction: Mindfulness training is an effective method for lowering stress and negative thoughts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts in female students.Method: This research was conducted as a semi-experimental research using pre-test post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 30 students (15 participants for each of the experimental and control groups). At first, 120 individuals were selected by purposive sampling and then 30 subjects were selected among the students who scored higher than the average score in the pre-test (fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts scales). Participants in the experimental groups received mindfulness training for eight sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the training a post-test was taken from both groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to investigate the research hypotheses.Results: The results indicated that mindfulness training decreased significantly both fear of negative evaluation (p<0.05) and automatic thoughts (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, mindfulness training is effective in reducing the fear of negative evaluation and automatic thoughts, so providing this training for students can prevent the negative effects of these variables in the educational environment
The Psychometric Properties of the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) among Iranians Methamphetamine Abusers
Get PDFIntroduction: Drug-craving as a multidimensional subjective experience recently has beenaccepted as an addiction hallmark. Desire for Drug Questionnaire or DDQ is a well-knownquestionnaire for measurement of drug craving severity. This study aimed to investigate thepsychometric properties of the DDQ among Iranian methamphetamine abusers.Method: DDQ was translated from English into Farsi by language experts. The questionnaire wasthen used for evaluation of craving among 50 male methamphetamine abusers. Then, DDQquestionnaire' scores was subjected to an exploratory principal components factor analysis. Toassess construct validity of DDQ, the model was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis.Internal consistency was examined by calculating cronbach’s alpha.Results: Finally, the Persian version of DDQ was verified with 13 items and three factors. Threefactors with high eigenvalues were identified by (PCA) that accounted for 70.63% of the totalvariance. Given the relative fit of the confirmatory factor model, the construct validity of the DDQwas verified. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the total score of the questionnaire was 0.86.Conclusion: The Farsi-translated version of DDQ questionnaires had good psychometric properties.The questionnaire could be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of drugcraving level in Iranian methamphetamine abusers
The Effect of Metacognitive Therapy on Reducing Anxiety and Depression among Patients with Traumatic Stress Disorder
Get PDFIntroduction: Metacognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been developed based on the role of meta-cognitive processes and beliefs in anxiety disorders. In this study, the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on PTSD has been investigated.Method: This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test was carried out. The sample consisted of patients with PTSD who referred to Professor Moharri Hospital in Shiraz (N=12). Participants were selected using a structured clinical interview (SCID-I). Sample subjects underwent individual meta-cognitive therapy in 10 sessions. Depression, Stress, and Anxiety Scale was used as a measurement tool in pretest, posttest and follow up. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and dependent t-test.Results: According to the results,learning metacognitive skills and coping strategies of metacognition reduces the symptoms of mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression and tension in people with PTSD (p<0.05).Conclusion: Metacognitive therapy is an effective therapeutic approach that has resulted from systematic modeling and hypothesis and has resulted in techniques whose effectiveness in scientific studies has been proved
Model Structure of Social Network Addiction among Male and FemaleStudents
Get PDFIntroduction: Most of the people have at least one smartphone, spending most of their time, approximately 20 hours a week, on their smartphone. The main purpose of the current research was to study model structure of social network addiction among male and female students.Method: In terms of purpose, the research is practical and in terms of data collection method is descriptive based on survey. In spite of various social networks, only two, Telegram and Instagram, have been chosen. The statistical population of the study were 5196 students studying in Azad Islamic University, Garmsar Branch. Student form of Social media addiction scale (SMAS-SF) and demographic information questionnaire were applied to all the research participants.Results: Among 397 subjects, 114 individuals, 28.7% used only Telegram, 72 individuals used only Instagram and 211 of them use both Telegram and Instagram. Comparing the means shows that Internet addiction among male students was higher than female ones (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed the highest social network addiction is among the age groups 25 years and younger, and the lowest mean is for the age group 41 years and older.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that among the students of the sample, the rate of addiction to social networks is higher than average, and the necessary interventions should be provided to solve this problem