International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in Relation with Personality Traits and Driving Behavior
Get PDFIntroduction: Driving behavior is a multifactor and high-risk behavior that was affected by severalfactors such as, individual, social and situational. Therefore, the present research aimed to study themediating role of cognitive flexibility on the relationship between personality traits and drivingbehavior.Method: Method was descriptive- correlation SEM. The statistical population comprised of all themale drivers of intercity buses in Tehran terminals. 210 participants were selected by multi clustersampling and completed the questionnaires of Manchester Driving Behavior (MDBQ), NEO FiveFactor (NEO-FFI) and Cognitive Flexibility (CFI). Data analyzed using structural equationmodeling (SEM) and the soft wares of Amos-21 and SPSS-19.Result: The results showed that the personality traits of neuroticism, agreeableness andconscientiousness have a direct effect on high-risk driving behaviors. Also, personality traits ofneuroticism, extroversion, and conscientiousness have an indirect effect on high-risk drivingbehaviors through cognitive flexibility (p<. 05).Conclusion: Cognitive flexibility mediates on the relationship of personality traits of neuroticism,extroversion and conscientiousness with high-risk driving behaviors. Therefore, according to theeffect of human factors in high-risk driving behaviors was suggested to develop a psychoeducational package for promoting safe driving behaviors in drivers
Comparison of the Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resilience and Diagnostic Factors in Patients with Chronic Pain
Get PDFIntroduction: The need for research was felt that chronic pain is one of the most common pains in patients with psychological problems and the use of psychological therapies. This study aimed to compare the performance of CBT and ACT on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain in Tehran.Method:This study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of research design method and was pre-test and post-test with thecontrol group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all people with chronic pain disorders who referred to private orthopedic clinics in Tehran and sampling was done with a purposive approach. 36 people were selected by purposive samplingmethod. After selection was based on entry and exit criteria, 24 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (cognitive therapy group and act therapy group) and control (a group of 12 people). Participants completed Resilience Questionnaire (Conner-Davidson Resilience) before and after the interventions. Results: The findings of this study showed that both ACT and CBT approaches have the necessary effect on resilience, and diagnostic factors (of course, on two of them, ESR-CRP). The findings show that there is no significant difference between the ACT and CBT approachesConclusion: Therefore, CBT and ACT were effect on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain.Declaration of Interest: Non
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Disease Perception and Adherence to Treatment AmongPatients with Multiple Sclerosis
Get PDFIntroduction:Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception and adherence to treatment among patients with multiple sclerosis.Method:The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design. The statistical population of this study were all patients with multiple sclerosis under the auspices of the MS Society of Tehran in 2019. Forty-five women with multiple sclerosis were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups: acceptance and commitment therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15). Data were obtained with the revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the multiple sclerosis treatment adherence questionnaire (MS-TAQ). The repeated measurement analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software were used to analyze data.Result: The results showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on illness perceptions (p<0.001) and adherence to treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy focus more on the outcome of the thought or how the person relates to their thoughts rather than on the content of the thought or attempt to eliminate it.Declaration of Interest: Non
The efficacy of Music for the mind applying on anxiety sensitivity among females with uterine, ovary, and breast cancer.
No full textIntroduction: The chronic and continuous aspect of anxiety can be seen as a source of failure, Uncompromising, and widespread despair that deprives a person from a major part of his or her potential. This research aimed to study the effects of music on mind to reduce the symptoms of anxiety of women with uterine, ovary, and breast cancer.Methods: The statistical Society of this study consisted of all women living in Tehran. Using a semi-experimental pattern and using the available sampling method among female volunteers, 28 women were selected with a standard deviation above the average score of perceived stress based on input-output criteria and randomized in two experimental and control groups (each Group of 14 people) were replaced. Initially, both groups by means of pre-exam were tested, then the music therapy intervention group (based on the music protocol for the mind) received. At the end, both groups responded to the research tool (post-test). Measurement tools in this study was Perceived anxiety control questionnaire (ACQ); Anxiety Sensitivity Index and (ASI-3) perceived stress scale (PSS).Results: In this study, data analysis using the twenty-fourth version of the SPSS software and the use of one-way and multi-way analysis of variance showed that music intervention for the mind to reduce perceived stress and sensitivity to anxiety and Increased perceptions of anxiety control in people with cancer in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that music intervention for the mind with the aim of reducing sensitivity to anxiety, as well as increasing the perception of anxiety control can have a positive effect on women with breast, uterine and ovarian cancer.Declaration of interest: Non
Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on body mass index and psychological well-being of obese women: Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on body mass index and psychological well-being of obese women
No full textIntroduction: This study aimed to compare the effect of cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model on weight loss and quality of life and well-being associated with obesity in overweight and obese women. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all women in Tehran with the age range 21-43 years, and body mass index higher than 25. For this purpose, 45 women volunteers were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three groups. Both interventions were held in twelve 90-minute weekly sessions. Subjects in three groups answered the Obesity-Related Well-Being questionnaire before and end of the third and seventh months and their body mass index was also calculated. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: Both cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model improved body mass index and obesity-related well-being (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two interventions in modifying the research variables (P>0.05).Conclusion: Cognitive therapy and lifestyle modification based on LEARN model improved reduced body weight by correcting destructive beliefs and unhealthy behaviors of overweight and obese women
Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Methamphetamine Craving
Get PDFIntroduction: Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation is one of the most challenging version of non-invasive brain stimulation. Although it has promised effects on drug-cravings, it has not been approved by FDA as an intervention.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tDCS on reducingmethamphetamine craving.Method: This study was a quasi-experimental design with the pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population included all the methamphetamine users who were referred to the HematPayrovan Institute for treatment in 2019. The sample population were 60 males assigned randomly into two groups of experimental and control group. We applied 20 minutestDCS (2 Ma, Anode F4/Cathode FP1) for experimental group. Data were collected using the Individual Student Assessment Plan (ISAP), The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ), and Desires for drug questionnaire (DDQ). The data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).Results: The result showed that t DCS significantly decreases methamphetamine craving in the experimental group (P<0.03).Discussion: This finding has important implications pertaining the education and mental health of methamphetamine users. Based on the results, repeated DLPFC stimulation could be a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in decreasing methamphetamine craving
The Efficacy of Methadone Maintenance Therapy on the Quality of Life and Marital Satisfaction among Substance Users
Get PDFIntroduction: the present study has been conducted with the aim of examining the quality of life (QoL) and marital satisfaction before and after three months of methadone maintenance in the patients enrolled in methadone therapy center in city of Kashan.Method: In this study, a quasi-experimental with pre and post assessments was conducted. Forty-five substance users receiving methadonetherapy were selected and investigated for three months. General assessment of patients (including demographic variables) was recorded and patients completed the QoL and martial satisfaction questionnaires.Results:Paired T-test revealed that the effect of methadone on QoL and martial satisfaction was significant (p<0.001). Scores of QoL and marital satisfaction have significant difference just in job variable among the other demographic variables. Pairwise comparison confirmed that two aspects (including physical and environmental) of QoL increased at post-test relative to pre-test.Conclusion: results of this study showed that methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) can lead to a significant improvement of QoL and martial satisfaction in substance users
Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Body Mass Index and Self-Control in Overweight Women
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering the growing trend of overweight and its risk, it is necessary to find useful solutions for weight loss. Usually overweight people are involved in several treatment programs that have decent short-term effects, but the symptoms might be relapsed in long term. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on reducing body mass index and increase self-control in overweight women.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest- posttest design and follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all overweight women referring to the Nutrition Clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The sample consisted of 30 females selected by purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. In this study, BMI was used to assess overweight and Tangney self-control scale was used for self-control.Results: The findings indicated that the self-control in the participants in the cognitive-behavioral group were more improved in comparison to transcranial Direct Current Stimulation group (p,0.05), while tDCS was more effective than CBT on improving body mass index.Conclusion: In general, cognitive-behavioral therapy and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with effect on the area of the brain that is associate with control perception lead to increased self-control, decreased craving and BMI
Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas, Lifestyle, Resilience and Happiness in Iranian Women Working in Toronto and Tehran with Emphasis on the Role of Immigration
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the most important developments in immigration in recent decades is the increasing involvement of women in the immigration process and the increase in women's independent immigration, which is called the feminization of immigration. This study aimed to comparing Iranian women working in Toronto and Tehran in lifestyle, early maladaptive schemas, resilience, and happiness.Methods: The present study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all Iranian women working in Tehran and Iranian women immigrating to – Toronto, Canada. Using the convenient sampling method, 89 Iranian women working in Toronto and 93 Iranian women working in Tehran were selected (Out of the total number of questionnaires, 11 questionnaires from the group of immigrants and 7 questionnaires from the group of non-immigrants were excluded due to being distorted). Data collection tool included Young Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), Adler Basic Scales for Interpersonal Success - Adult Edition (BASIS-A), Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, and Happiness / Depression Inventory.Results: The results of MANOVA showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of some lifestyle components (p<0.05), a number of early maladaptive schemas (p<0.05), happiness components (p<0.05), and resilience of immigrant and non-immigrant women (p<0.05).Conclusion: Accordingly, immigration in Iranian women can be a factor for changes in various aspects of psychology such as resilience, happiness and lifestyle
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in women with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Stressors along with anxiety and depression, reduce a person's ability to cope with life's problems and play an important role in exacerbating the symptoms of GERD. Women are more fragile and vulnerable in this situation. This study investigates the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Method: The present study is a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. Sampling was done purposefully, in which 30 women with gastroesophageal reflux disease who were referred to Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran were randomly selected. They were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent stress reduction-based mindfulness training in 8sessions in 2-hour. The control group did not receive any training. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). All participants completed the questionnaire at three time points (pre-test, post-test, follow-up). Data obtained from the research were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA and MANCOVA) using SPSS software.Results: The results showed that stress-based mindfulness training is effective in reducing depression, anxiety and stress in women. (p<0.05)Conclusion: The results showed that the effectiveness of stress-based mindfulness therapy could be used as a complementary intervention method along with other common therapies to improve depression, anxiety and stress in women with gastroesophageal reflux disease.