International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
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Validity, Reliability and Factor Structure of The Life Attitude Profile-Revised (LAP-R)
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering the importance of meaning of life and its role in mental health, thepurpose of the current study is to examine the psychometric properties of LAP-R, an instrument thatmeasures the meaning of life on the extensive components.Method: 500 students from different levels of education of Shahed University of Tehran wereselected by proportional sampling method and after translating and retranslating of LAP-R,responded to LAP-R with the Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI), the Self-Esteem RatingScale- Short Form (SERS-SF) and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Afterperforming the questionnaires, the results of validity and reliability of LAP-R were analyzed bystatistical analysis.Result: As the results of current study showed, there was a high correlation between manysubscales of LAP-R with SAI, SERF-SF and PANAS. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient andthe correlation between the test-retest of LAP-R was appropriate (P<0.01). The correlation of thetest-retest of this scale ranged from 0.61 to 0.81(P<0.01). Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ofthe subscales and the overall score of this scale ranged from 0.65 to 0.86.Conclusion: Considering the appropriate correlation of LAP-R with other scales as well as theresults of test-retest correlation and Cronbach`s alpha, it can be said that this questionnaire hasappropriate validity and reliability.Declaration of Interest: Non
Body Image Model Based On The Object Relations An Mediating Role Of The Personality And Ego Strength In Applicants Of Cosmetic Surgery
Get PDFIntroduction:The decision to have cosmetic surgery is greatly affected by psychological problems. The high number of cosmetic surgery requests, which can be one of the consequences of psychological damage in the stages of mental development, shows the significance of paying attention to the role of thematic relationships, personality organization and ego strength. This study aimed to explain the body image model based on object relations, and the mediating role of personality and ego strength in people referring to cosmetic surgery centers.Method:This study was conducted through a descriptive -correlational approach. The statistical population included all people who referred to Vanak Cosmetic Surgery Center in Tehran in spring and summer of 2020, a sample of 350 subjects were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Bell's Object Relations Inventory, the Kernberg’sInventory of Personality and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego-strengths. The data were analyzed by a path analysis of structural equation modeling.Results: The structural equation modelling of body image, object relations, personality organization and ego strength directly and indirectly demonstrated significant fitness (RMSEA: 0.07). Among indirect paths, mediator variables including personality organization and ego strength were significant.Conclusion: Injury in the initial object relations can affect thecreation of a negative body image among people seeking cosmetic surgery by creating a negative feeling in the person and then by affecting the personality organization and ego strength.Declaration of Interest: Non
The Effectiveness of TranscranialDirect Current Stimulation (TDCS) on Anxiety, Depression, and Physical Symptoms of People with Chronic Pain
Get PDFIntroduction: Chronic pain and the experience of living with it are unique. Individual perception of pain is affected by physical, psychological, and social variables. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of patients with chronic pain.Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all outpatients of men and women referred to all medical centers in Tehran in 2019 who had received a definitive diagnosis of chronic pain by neurologists, rheumatologists and psychiatrists, and other relevant specialists. The sampling method in this study had two stages: first, through available sampling, selected from several women with a definite diagnosis of chronic pain, and then, based on inclusion criteria and conducting a pre-test session with interviews. A clinical trial conducted by a researcher under the supervision of a psychiatrist based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, 30 women (15 for each group) of women who had the highest scores (as baseline) after completion The questionnaires were selected by simple random sampling method and after random allocation, they were replaced in two groups of intervention and control. Data were obtained using the Beck depression questionnaire and the Beck anxiety questionnaire. Repeated variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The above analysis was carried out using SPSS.22 software.Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was effective on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain.Conclusion: It can be concluded that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain and can be used to improve psychological problems in people with chronic pain
The Effect of Art Therapy on Motor Skills of Children with Autism: The Effect of Art Therapy on Motor Skills of Children with Autism
No full textBackground and Aim:Autism spectrum disorder is the most common behavioral disorder in children that is associated with communication deficits and stereotyped behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of art therapy on the motor skills of children with autism.
Materials and Methods:The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the study included preschool and elementary school students in Tehran in 1395-96 school year. Among them, 30 children with autism were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (Garz) and the Lincoln-Ozertsky Motor Skills Test. Painting-based art therapy was performed in 18 sessions of 20 minutes for the experimental group. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance.
Results:The results showed that art therapy affected fine motor skills, the balance and flexibility of the joints (P<0.001).
Conclusion:According to the findings, art therapy can improve motor skills in these children by reducing stereotyped movements and coordinating hand and finger movements
Predicting Mental Well-being Based on Personality Dimensions and Emotional Intelligence Mediated Treatment Adherencein Diabetic Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century for health systems around the world is the increasing burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to predict mental well-being based on personality dimensions and emotional intelligence mediated by adherence to treatment in diabetic patients.Methods: This research is a descriptive-correlational type, which has been analyzed using multivariate regression method. The statistical population of this study included all diabetic patients aged 30 to 60 years, who in the third quarter of the year 2019 referred to the office of endocrinologists, kidney and internal medicine specialist in 5 areas (north-south-center-east-west) of Tehran Municipality. Out of 714 people who referred to these centers, 267 people were selected as the sample by targeted sampling method and answered the Reef psychological well-being questionnaire, neo personality dimensions, shot emotional intelligence and following Modanlu treatment. SPSS software was used to analyze the statistical data. Results: The results of multivariate regression showed that 70% of the variance of psychological well-being in diabetic patients is explained by the variables of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, while the variables of openness to experience, pleasantness and adherence to psychotherapy did not have significant relation with psychological well-being.Conclusion: The results of this study, which are largely consistent with other research findings, indicate that high levels of emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, and low levels of neuroticism increase the psychological well-being of diabetic patients
Identifying Common Elements of Evidence – Based Psychological Treatments for Females with Extramarital Experience
Get PDFIntroduction: The therapeutic consequences of extramarital relationships is a difficult issue amongtherapists, so majority of clinicians are faced with several challenges. Although, they are not able toconceptualize and modify these issues with a suitable and recognized approach, the purpose of thisstudy was to identify common elements of psychological evidence-based therapies in order todevelop multi-dimensional intervention for females involved in extramarital relationships.Method: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a qualitative content analysisto identify factors influencing the extramarital relations in three steps. The second phase aimed todesign and develop multi-dimensional treatments using common elements identified in the firststudy. This procedure conducted according to Garland et al., method.Result: Sixty-four effective factors identified in four categories: individual’s personality, familyeducational, cultural-social and religious-beliefs. In the second phase , 13 effective therapeuticapproaches in the treatment of extramarital relationships were selected. Finally, 10 commontherapeutic elements were developed to design a protocol for extramarital relationships involvedfemales.Conclusion: This treatment emphasized on helping women with the experience of extramaritalrelationship who want to save their marital commitment and family.Declaration of Interest: Non
A Qualitative Study on theConcept of Healthy Lifestyle and Factors Affecting the Dormitory Students' Lifestyle of Shahid Beheshti University
Get PDFIntroduction: Healthy lifestyle can play a significant role in the health and quality of students' life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of healthy lifestyle among students living in dormitories and factors affecting their lifestyle.Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted as a semi-structured interview with 18 female students residing in the dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University. These students were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed in four contexts: the concept of healthy lifestyles, examining students' lifestyles, evaluating their lifestyles, and factors affecting their lifestyles. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that there are two distinct areas regarding the concept of a healthy lifestyle from the students' perspective: first, the dimensions that the healthy lifestyle contains and second, the principles on which a healthy lifestyle should be based. There were also five groups of factors affecting students' lifestyles: avoidance of family (e.g. independence), internal factors (e.g. individual characteristics), university and dormitory conditions (e.g. time), relationships (e.g. Roommate), macro factors (e.g. social, economic).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the educational and cultural authorities of the universities need to pay more attention to the lifestyle of the students
Improving Cognitive Regulation in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Using Cyberspace-Based and Family-Centered Intervention
Get PDFIntroduction:Bipolar Affective Disorder is cyclic swinging of mood between mania or hypomania and depression. The present study aimed to examine cognitive regulation in patients with bipolar disorder using the cyberspace-based family-centered intervention.Method:This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included patients with bipolar disorder and a family member. 30 patients with a family member were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was the research tool. After administration of the questionnaires, the Miklowitz family-focused therapy was performed for the experimental group using cyberspace. At the end of the course, participants in both groups were evaluated using the research tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and mixed analysis of variance with the repeated measures.Result:The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the Miklowitz model led to a significant difference in the score of emotion regulation with an effect size of 45% in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). In other words, the cognitive emotion regulation and its subscales have been evident in the experimental group. Conclusion:As a result, it can be said that the use of the Miklowitz model through cyberspace affects cognitive emotion regulation and subscales of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame.Declaration of Interest: Non
Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic and Cognitive Behavioral Psychodrama Group Therapy on Interpersonal Problems and Emotional Regulation Difficulties in Divorced Women
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-analytic and cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy on reducing the interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation in divorced women.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all divorced women who had referred to private counseling centers under the supervision of welfare organization in Mashhad (84 centers) in 2018. Among the statistical population, by convenient sampling method, 36 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly located into three groups: Experiment 1,2 and Control. Experiment 1 group participated in sixteen 120-minute sessions of cognitive analytic group therapy and experimental group 2 participated in sixteen 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy. The 60-item Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP-60) by Horowitz et al, and the Gretz and Roemer Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to collect data. Data analysis of the present study was performed using Mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test by SPSS software version 20.Results: The results indicated that both cognitive-analytic and cognitive behavioral psychodrama group therapies were able to significantly reduce the interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation of divorced women (p<0.01), in addition, cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy had a greater effect than cognitive analytic group therapy on reducing interpersonal problems and difficulty of emotion regulation.Conclusion: Therefore, according to the obtained results, cognitive-behavioral psychodrama group therapy and cognitive-analytic group therapy can be used in order to reduce interpersonal problems and the difficulty of emotion regulation in divorced women
The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training of emotional regulation on marital happiness and cognitive emotional regulation of women with symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
No full textBackground and Aim:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a new DSM-5 diagnosis characterized by the cyclical emergence of emotional and physical symptoms in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training of emotional regulation on marital contentment and cognitive emotional regulation of women with signs of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
Materials and Methods:The method of this research is semi-experimental by pre-test/post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all women suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder referring to the clinic of the BaharHospital in Shahrood. A total of 30 women which were selected through purposive sampling among women whose scores in pre-menstrual symptoms screening questionnaire were higher than the mean, and were replaced in the experimental and control groups (15 women for each group). Then, both groups completed the Marital Happiness Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire and then the experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral emotion regulation training in form of 90-minutes, 12 sessions once a week. After completion of training, both groups again completed the above questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and one and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results:The results showed that cognitive-behavioral training of emotion regulation has a significant effect on marital happiness and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0.05).
Conclusion:It can be concluded that Cognitive behavioral emotion regulation training can increase cognitive emotion regulation and marital happiness in women with symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorde