Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology
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TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP SPAT KERANG MUTIARA (Pinctada maxima) DENGAN KEPADATAN YANG BERBEDA DI BALAI PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA LAUT (BPBL) LOMBOK
No full textTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan yang berbeda terhadap Survival Rate (SR) spat kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) serta kepadatan yang tepat pada wadah pemeliharaannya di laut. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yakni perlakuan 1 (kontrol) 60 ind/poket; perlakuan 2 (93 ind/poket); perlakuan 3 (126 ind/poket); perlakuan 4 (159 ind/poket); perlakuan 5 (192 ind/poket); dan perlakuan 6 (225 ind/poket). Ukuran spat yang digunakan 0,8-1,7 cm (45 hari) pada pocket net (47 x 60 cm). Hasil penelitian selama 45 hari menunjukkan perhitungan persentase SR tertinggi (100%) dimiliki oleh kepadatan 225 ind/poket (P6) dan kepadatan 93 ind/poket (P2). Nilai SR terendah berada pada P1 dengan kepadatan 60 ind/poket dan disusul oleh perlakuan lainnya seperti P3, P4 serta P5. Namun laju pertumbuhan rerata cangkang spat pada kepadatan 192 ind/poket (P5) cenderung lebih cepat dengan nilai 1,71 cm dibandingkan kepadatan 60 ind/poket (P1) yang memiliki nilai paling rendah yakni 1,43 cm. Pertumbuhan berat dengan nilai tertinggi pada P4 (159 ind/poket) dengan nilai 1, 30 gr dan nilai terendah yakni 1,00 gr berada pada P5 (192 ind/poket). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa padat penebaran yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap SR spat yang dipelihara selama 45 hari dan padat penebaran terbaik untuk SR diperoleh pada perlakuan 2 (93 ind/poket) dan perlakuan 6 (225 ind/poket). Kata kunci: Kelangsungan Hidup, Pertumbuhan, Spat, Pinctada maxima, Kualitas Air.THE SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL SHELL SPAT WITH DIFFERENT DENSITIES AT THE MARINE AQUACULTURE CENTER LOMBOKABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different densities on Survival Rate (SR) spat pearl shells (Pinctada maxima) and the right density on the maintenance container in the sea. The method used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consists of 6 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatment 1 (control) 60 ind / pocket; treatment 2 (93 ind / pocket); treatment 3 (126 ind / pocket); treatment 4 (159 ind / pocket); treatment 5 (192 ind / pocket); and treatment 6 (225 ind / pocket). Spat size used is 0.8-1.7 cm (45 days) in pocket net (47 x 60 cm). The results of the study for 45 days showed the highest SR percentage calculation (100%) owned by 225 ind / pocket (P6) density and 93 ind / pocket (P2) density. The lowest SR value is at P1 with 60 ind / pocket density and followed by other treatments such as P3, P4 and P5. However, the average growth rate of spat shell at 192 ind / pocket (P5) density tends to be faster with a value of 1.71 cm compared to 60 ind / pocket (P1) density which has the lowest value of 1.43 cm. Weight growth with the highest value in P4 (159 ind / pocket) with a value of 1, 30 gr and the lowest value of 1.00 gr was at P5 (192 ind / pocket). Based on the results of the study it was concluded that different stocking densities did not significantly (P 0.05) the SR spat maintained for 45 days and the best stocking density for SR was obtained in treatment 2 (93 ind / pocket) and treatment 6 (225 ind / pocket). Keywords: Survival, Growth, Spat, Pinctada maxima, Water Quality
KAJIAN FILOGENETIK IKAN TUNA (Thunnus spp) SEBAGAI DATA PENGELOLAAN DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR KEPULAUAN MALUKU, INDONESIA
No full textIkan tuna (Thunnus Spp) adalah ikan pelagis yang memilili kemampuan migrasi dan nilai komersial. Kondisi oseanografie Maluku Utara dan Ambon mendukung kelimpahan stok populasi sumberdaya. Pengetahuan filogenetik dapat membantu menunjukan hubungan evolusioner dari suatu organisme yang disimpulkan dari data morfologi dan molekuler. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui filogenetik ikan tuna di perairan Maluku Utara dan Ambon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PCR-Sequencing. Analisis molekuler menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dengan primer CRK-CRE, elektroforesis. Rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor joining dan model evolusi Kimura 2-parameter dilakukan dengan aplikasi MEGA5. Hasil penelitian filogenetik menemukan terdapat empat empat clade spesies ikan tuna yang saling berbeda (tuna mata besar ; tuna sirip kuing ; tuna alalunga ; cakalang ). Jarak genetik tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) adalah 0.09, tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) adalah 0.19, tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore), sebesar 0.21, tuna mata besar (T.obesus) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) cakalang (K.pelamis) adalah 0.34, cakalang (K.pelamis) dengan tuna alalunga (T.albacore) adalah 0.39 dan tuna sirip kuning (T.albacares) dengan Cakalang (K.pelamis) adalah 0.34. Semua hasil menunjukan perbedaan genetik yang signifikan, genetik spesies tuna berasal dari satu kelompok dan filogeografi memiliki batas distribusi yang nyata antar satu dengan yang lain.Kata Kunci : Thunnus, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Pohon Filogenetik, primer CRK-CRE, , Neighbor joining, Kimura 2-parameter, jarak genetik, MEGA5, filogeografi. ABSTRACTTuna (Thunnus Spp) is a pelagic fish that has migration capabilities and commercial value. The condition of North Maluku and Ambon oceanographies supports the abundance of resource population stocks. Phylogenetic knowledge can help show the evolutionary relationship of an organism inferred from morphological and molecular data. The aim of the study was to determine phylogenetic of tuna in the waters of North Maluku and Ambon. This study used the PCR-Sequencing method. Molecular analysis uses a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with CRK-CRE primer, electrophoresis. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter evolution model was carried out with the MEGA5 application. The results of phylogenetic research found that there were four four different clades of tuna species (bigeye tuna; kuing fin tuna; alalunga tuna; cakalang). The genetic distance of big eye tuna (T.obesus) with yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) is 0.09, bigeye tuna (T.obesus) with tuna alalunga (T.albacore) is 0.19, yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) with tuna alalunga (T.albacore), for 0.21, big eye tuna (T.obesus) with alalunga tuna (T.albacore) cakalang (K.pelamis) is 0.34, cakalang (K.pelamis) with alalunga tuna (T.albacore) is 0.39 and yellow fin tuna (T.albacares) with Cakalang (K. pelamis) are 0.34. All results show significant genetic differences, genetic tuna species come from one group and filogeography has a real distribution boundary between one another.Keywords: Thunnus, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Phylogenetic Tree, CRK-CRE primer, Neighbor joining, Kimura 2-parameter, genetic distance, MEGA5, filogeography
PENGARUH PASANG SURUT TERHADAP DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN TELUK BANTEN
No full textLuas hutan mangrove Indonesia menurun sekitar 4,5 juta ha menjadi 1,9 juta ha. Penurunan luas hutan mangrove paling dominan disebabkan oleh faktor manusia. Pemantauan tingkat kerusakan hutan mangrove dengan menggunakan metode konvensional memakan waktu lama dan mahal. Pemantauan tingkat kerusakan ini sangat penting bagi para stakeholder dalam mengelola kawasan hutan mangrove. Pemanfaatan data spasial dapat memudahkan dan mempercepat interaksi dengan benda-benda di permukaan bumi. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi tiga bagian, yaitu tahap pre-field, field dan post-field. Tahap pre-field termasuk pengumpulan data, pengolahan gambar, dan identifikasi tutupan lahan di daerah penelitian untuk setiap tahunnya. Data tutupan ekstraksi dari data citra penginderaan jauh di setiap tahun kemudian dipisahkan dari data tutupan lahan mangrove. Data tutupan lahan mangrove untuk tahun pencatatan 2017 digunakan sebagai unit analisis yang digunakan sebagai basis referensi untuk pengambilan informasi di lapangan. Tahap post-field dimaksudkan untuk memproses data yang dikumpulkan, analisis statistik, menguji keakuratan hasil perubahan dan menilai kemampuan gambar penginderaan jauh dalam mengidentifikasi hutan mangrove dan transfer fungsi utilitas mereka. Luas hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Banten sekitar 681,86 Ha. Penyebaran hutan mangrove terbesar adalah di kecamatan Tirtayasa dan Pontang. Kedua kawasan tersebut memiliki nilai persentase 29,75% dan 28,46% dari total luas hutan mangrove di Teluk Banten. Tingkat distribusi terkecil adalah Kabupaten Kramatwatu yang hanya sekitar 3,11% atau 21,19 Ha dari total luas hutan mangrove di Teluk Banten.Kata kunci: Mangrove, Dinamika perubahan mangrove, Data Spasial, Pasang SurutABSTRACTThe extent of Indonesia's mangrove forest declines from the initial area of about 4.5 million ha to 1.9 million ha. The decline in the area of mangrove forest is most dominant due to the damage caused by human factors. Monitoring the extent of mangrove forest destruction by using conventional methods takes a long time and is expensive. Monitoring this level of damage is very important for the stakeholders in managing the mangrove forest area. Utilization of spatial data can facilitate and accelerate in interacting with objects found on the surface of the earth. Stages in this research outline include three parts, namely pre-field stage, field stage and post-field stage. The pre-field stage includes data collection to be used, image processing, and land cover identification in the research area for each year of image recording. The cover data of the extraction from remote sensing image data in each recording year is then separated from mangrove land cover data. The mangrove land cover data for the recording year 2017 is then used as the unit of analysis used as the reference base for information retrieval in the field by using the sample. The post-field stage is intended to process the data collected, statistical analysis, test the accuracy of the results of changes and assess the capabilities of remote sensing images in identifying mangrove forests and transfer of their utility functions. The mangrove forest in Banten regency is about 681.86 Ha. The largest spread of mangrove forest is in Tirtayasa and Pontang sub-districts. The two sub-districts have a percentage value of 29.75% and 28.46% of the total mangrove forest area in Banten Bay. The smallest extent of distribution is in Kramatwatu District which is only about 3.11% or 21.19 Ha of the total area of mangrove forest in Banten Bay.Keywords: Mangrove, Dynamics of mangrove changes, Spatial Data, Tida
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN KAPAL TERENCANA
No full textBiaya operasi kapal yang tinggi merupakan tantangan bagi setiap industri maritim, dalam beberapa studi ditemukan bahwa komponen biaya untuk perawatan kapal mencapai 40% dari keseluruhan biaya operasi kapal, untuk itu diperlukan suatu perbaikan sistem perawatan kapal untuk menekan biaya ini namun tidak mengakibatkan kualitas pelayanan menurun.Sistem Pemeliharaan Kapal Terencana/Planned Maintenance System (SPKT/PMS) adalah suatu sistem yang menyangkut/mengenai rencana-rencana, prosedur-prosedur, dan langkah-langkah untuk mengurangi pemeliharaan tak terduga/darurat (emergency) menjadi sekecil mungkin, sehingga dapat menekan biaya pemeliharaan menjadi sekecil mungkin. SPKT juga merupakan suatu sistem yang akan menolong untuk dapat mengetahui lebih awal kebutuhan-kebutuhan pemeliharaan yang akan datang, mengurangi pemakaian suku cadang (spare parts) dan inventaris (inventory), menghindari pemborosan pemakaian tenaga kerja/jam orang untuk pemeliharaan, menekan waktu dan biaya docking, dan secara umum dapat menghemat biaya pemeliharaan kapal, serta menjamin kondisi teknis kapal sehingga meningkatkan waktu pengoperasian kapal karena kondisi layak laut kapal yang lebih lama. Pemeliharaan terencana rneliputi pekerjaan pemeliharaan perbaikan (corrective maintenance) dan pekerjaan pemeliharaan pencegahan (preventive maintenance).Standard Operation Procedure Planned Maintenance System yang telah dibuat di desain untuk kegiatan PMS yang bersifat manual, dalam artian menggunakan media form-form berbasis kertas yang harus di-isi secara manual oleh semua entitas sistem PMS. Proses PMS secara manual membuat user harus lebih aktif dalam melakukan isian form yang sudah ada, diantaranya adalah memilah-milah perawatan harian, mingguan, bulanan dan lain sebagainya. Tantangan terbesar implementasi teknologi informasi pada Sistem Pemeliharaan Kapal Terencana adalah bagaimana mentransformasikan SOP yang bersifat manual menjadi berbasis elektronik sehingga meningkatkan kualitas sistem menjadi lebih baik. Jurnal ini menguraikan langkah-langkah implementasi teknologi informasi pada Sistem Pemeliharaan Kapal Terencana mulai dari transformasi SOP, arsitektur jaringan dan metode pelaporanAPPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON PLANNING MAINTENANCE SYSTEMABSTRACTHigh ship operating costs are a challenge for every maritime industry, in some studies it was found that the cost component for ship maintenance reached 40% of the overall operating costs of the ship, for this reason an improvement in ship maintenance systems was needed to reduce these costs but did not result in decreased service quality. Planned Maintenance System / Planned Maintenance System (SPKT / PMS) is a system that involves / plans, procedures, and steps to reduce unexpected maintenance / emergency (emergency) to be as small as possible, so as to reduce costs maintenance becomes as small as possible. SPKT is also a system that will help to be able to know in advance the future maintenance needs, reduce the use of spare parts (inventory) and inventory (inventory), avoid waste of labor / person hours for maintenance, reduce time and costs docking, and in general can save ship maintenance costs, as well as guarantee the technical conditions of the ship so as to increase ship operating time due to longer ship seaworthy conditions. Planned maintenance includes corrective maintenance work and preventive maintenance work. The Standard Operation Procedure Planned Maintenance System has been designed for manual PMS activities, in the sense of using paper-based media forms that must be filled manually by all PMS system entities. The PMS process manually requires the user to be more active in filling in existing forms, including sorting out daily, weekly, monthly treatments and so on. The biggest challenge in the implementation of information technology in the Planned Ship Maintenance System is how to transform SOPs that are manual into electronic-based so as to improve the quality of the system for the better. This journal describes the steps of implementing information technology in the Planned Ship Maintenance System starting from SOP transformation, network architecture and reporting methodsKeywords: Planned Maintenance Maintenance System, Planned Maintenance System, Standard Operation Procedure, vessel operatio
Pengaruh Pemberian Lactobacillus sp. dengan Dosis yang Berbeda terhadap Sistem Imun Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus
No full textUdang vaname merupakan udang hasil introduksi yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi baik di pasar lokal maupun di pasar internasional. Salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang udang vaname adalah Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian bakteri probiotik Lactobacillus sp. terhadaprespon imun udang vaname yang diinfeksikan dengan V. parahaemolyticus, Survival rate, dan kepadatan bakteri V. parahaemolyticus pada usus udang. Udang yang digunakan adalah udang yang berumur 62 hari yang dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 30x30x25 cm sebanyak 10 ekor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu Kontrol(–)(tanpa Lactobacillus sp. dan tidak diinfeksi), Kontrol(+) (tanpa Lactobacillus sp. kemudian diinfeksi), P1 (Lactobacillus sp. 106 CFU/ml), P2 (Lactobacillus sp. 108 CFU/ml), P3 (Lactobacillus sp. 1010 CFU/ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Lactobacillus sp.dengan dosis 108 CFU/ml mampu meningkatkan THC udang vaname sebesar 5,58 x 106 sel/ml, sel hialin dan sel granular yang berperan penting dalam sistem imun udang, meningkatkan nilai SR udang sebesar 86,67% dan menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen V. parahaemolyticus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, penggunaan dosis probiotik Lactobacillus sp. yang dianjurkan pada budidaya udang vaname untuk meningkatkan sistem imun, tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang dan menekan pertumbuhan bakteri V. parahaemolyticus adalah 108 CFU/ml.Kata kunci: Lactobacillus sp., V. parahaemolyticus, udang vaname, dosis Lactobacillus sp.ABSTRACTVannamei is an introduced shrimp that has economic value in both local and international market. One of the diseases that often attack vannamei shrimp is Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study aims to determine the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus sp. against vannamei shrimp immune response infected with V. parahaemolyticus, Survival rate, and bacterial V. parahaemolyticus density of the shrimp intestine. Shrimp used are shrimp that is 62 days which is kept in aquarium size 30x30x25 cm as many as 10 shrimp. The study was conducted with 5 controls: Control (-) (without Lactobacillus sp. and not infected), Control (+) (without Lactobacillus sp. and infected), P1 (Lactobacillus sp. 106 CFU / ml), P2 (Lactobacillus sp. 108 CFU / ml), P3 (Lactobacillus sp. 1010 CFU / ml). The results showed that the administration of Lactobacillus sp. with a dose of 108 CFU / ml was able to increase THC vannamei shrimp by 5.58 x 106 cells / ml, hyaline cells and granular cells required in the shrimp immune system, increasing shrimp SR value by 86.67% and core growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Based on the results of this study is the use of probiotic Lactobacillus sp. which is recommended in the cultivation of vaname shrimp to improve the immune system, the level of shrimp survival and suppress the growth of bacteria V. parahaemolyticus is 108 CFU / ml.Keywords: Lactobacillus sp., V. parahaemolyticus, vannamei, dose of Lactobacillus sp
HAMBUR BALIK AKUSTIK PERMUKAAN SUBSTRAT DASAR PERAIRAN MENGGUNAKAN ECHOSONDER BIM TUNGGAL
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai hambur balik permukaan dasar perairan berupa pasir dan lumpur. Echosounder bim tunggal Simrad EK15 frekuensi 200 kHz digunakan untuk perekaman hambur balik akustik permukaan dasar perairan. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan nilai rata-rata hambur balik permukaan substrat perairan pasir bervariasi antara -37.48 dB sampai -36.03 dB, dan lumpur bervariasi antara -46.98 dB sampai -45.15 dB. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa substrat pasir memiliki tingkat kekerasan dan ukuran butir yang lebih besar dibandingkan jenis substrat lumpur substratSURFACE BACKSCATTERING STRENGTH OF SEABED SUBSTRATE USING SINGLE BEAM EHOSOUNDERABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are to analyze the surface backscattering strength of seabed. The single beam echosounder Simrad EK15 with 200 kHz of frequencies was used for recordings of seabed acoustic backscattering. Data collection was conducted in April 29 – Mei 2 2017 which located in the Yos Sudarso Bay, Jayapura, Papua Province. Sampling substrate was taken for ground truth data using sedimen grab. The results show that average value of surface backscattering strength of sand varied between -37.48 dB up -36.03 dB, and mud varied between -46.98 dB up -45.15 dB. It shows also that sand has a high substrate roughness, hardness, and grain size larger than the type of mud substrate. In acoustic backscattering values of sand were greater than mud.Keyword: Surface scattering, Sand, Mud, Single beam echosounder
DIFFERENCES OF CORAL REEF AND CORAL COMMUNITY FISH ABUNDANCE CONDITION BASED ON ZONING OF BENGKOANG ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWA
No full textBengkoang Island is an unpopulated island in the northern region of the archipelago. The island is divided into 2 zones, Marine Protection Zone and Marine Tourism Utilization Zone, based on the zoning and management plan of the Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. This research is aimed to observe the condition of the coral reef and coral community fish abundance in Bengkoang Island based on the zoning. There were 2 stations to represent each of the zones at depths of 5 and 10 meters. Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was used along 100 meters to data the reef substrate and Visual Census method with Belt Transect was used to data the coral community fish. The result showed that the coral cover was the highest in Station 1 at 5 m which was located in the Marine Protection Zone with 80,31%, while the lowest was found in Station 2 at 10 m which was located in the Marine Tourism Utilization Zone with 18,81%. Meanwhile, the coral community fish abudance was the highest in Station 1 at 10 m with 15.600 individual/ha and lowest in Station 2 at 10 m with 4.280 individual/ha. Based on the result, it can be said that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Bengkoang Island varies with a high margin between the data stations. The result indicated that the coral reef ecosystem in the Marine Protection Zone was in a better condition than in the Marine Toursim Utilization Zone.DIFFERENCES OF CORAL REEF AND CORAL COMMUNITY FISH ABUNDANCE CONDITION BASED ON ZONING OF BENGKOANG ISLAND, KARIMUNJAWAABSTRACTBengkoang Island is an unpopulated island in the northern region of the archipelago. The island is divided into 2 zones, Marine Protection Zone and Marine Tourism Utilization Zone, based on the zoning and management plan of the Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. This research is aimed to observe the condition of the coral reef and coral community fish abundance in Bengkoang Island based on the zoning. There were 2 stations to represent each of the zones at depths of 5 and 10 meters. Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was used along 100 meters to data the reef substrate and Visual Census method with Belt Transect was used to data the coral community fish. The result showed that the coral cover was the highest in Station 1 at 5 m which was located in the Marine Protection Zone with 80,31%, while the lowest was found in Station 2 at 10 m which was located in the Marine Tourism Utilization Zone with 18,81%. Meanwhile, the coral community fish abudance was the highest in Station 1 at 10 m with 15.600 individual/ha and lowest in Station 2 at 10 m with 4.280 individual/ha. Based on the result, it can be said that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Bengkoang Island varies with a high margin between the data stations. The result indicated that the coral reef ecosystem in the Marine Protection Zone was in a better condition than in the Marine Toursim Utilization Zone. Key Words: Karimunjawa, Bengkoang Island, Zoning, Coral Reef, Coral Fis