Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BERBAGAI KLON NILAM ASAL KULTUR JARINGAN
No full textPertumbuhan dan daya hasil dari berbagai klom nilam dievatuasi di KP. Cimanggu (Bogor) dari tahun 1999 - 2000. Dua puluh dua klon nilam yang berasal dai kultur kalus yang diradiasi dengan sinar gamma, 1 klon kontrol (asal kultur mata tunas) serta 3 klon pembanding (Klon TT, Sdk dan Crt) ditanam dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 50 cm. Percobaan dirancang secara acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Luas petak adalah 10 m2 yang memuat 20 tanaman. Parameter yang digunakan adalah sifat- sifat morfologi, yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah dan panjang cabang, jumlah daun per cabang, panjang dan lebar daun serta komponen hasil, yang meliputi berat tanaman, berat tcrsuling (segar dan kering) dan kadar minyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sifat-sifat morfologi dan komponen hasil terdapat 4 klon yang mcnonjol. yaitu 3 klon hasil kultur jaingan (klon lb, 2b, dan 75) dengan hasil tema kering masing-masing 0.222; 0.222; dan 0. 216 kg/tanaman dan kadar minyak masing-masing 4.28; 4.00; dan 4.54%, serta satu klon konvensional (Ct) dengan hasil tema keing 0.469 dan kadar minyak 4.84%.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin, nilam, klon, kultur jaringan ABSTRACT Evaluation on the growth and yield potency of different clones ofpatchoulifrom tissue cultureThe growth and yield potency of different patchouli developed from tissue culture were studied at the Cimanggu Experimental Garden from 1999 to 2000. The materials were twenty-two clones of patchouli raised rom the gamma irradiated calli, 1 control clone (raised rom tissue culture propagated plant from which the irradiated calli were derived) and 3 conventionally propagated clones (Crt, TT and Sdk). The planting mateials were planted in a plant spacing of 100 cm x 50 cm. The experiment was designed as a randomaized block in 3 replicates. Plot size was 10 m2, accommodated 20 plants. Parameters used for evaluating the clones were morphological characters and yield components. The morphological characters included plant height, stem diameter number of branches, number of leaves per branch and size of leaves, while the yield component included weight of whole plant, distilled herbs (fresh and dry herbs) and oil content. Based on die morphological characteristics and yield components, 4 clones showed their superioity. The four clones were lb, 2b, and 75 (raised from tissue culture) with a herb yield of 0.222; 0.222 and 0216 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.28, 4.00 and 4.84% respectively, and Ct ( from convetional clone) with a herb yield of 0.469 kg/plant and an oil content of 4.84%.Key words : Pogostemon cablin, nilam, clones, tissue cultur
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SUMBER PUPUK KALIUM TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU MINYAK TANAMAN NILAM
Get PDFABSTRAKTanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) sudah lama dibudi-dayakan, namun produktivitas dan mutu minyak yang dihasilkan masihrendah. Rendahnya produktivitas dan mutu minyak tersebut antara laindisebabkan teknologi budidaya yang masih sederhana, dan berkembangnyapenyakit, seperti penyakit layu bakteri dan budog, serta hama yangdisebabkan oleh nematoda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperolehsumber dan dosis kalium yang tepat dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhandan produksi tanaman nilam. Kegiatan ini merupakan penelitian lapangyang dilakukan di Kuningan, Jawa Barat, dari bulan Januari sampaiDesember 2009. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok lengkap, 9 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas1) kontrol, 2) dosis KCl 60 kg/ha, 3) dosis KCl 120 kg/ha, 4) dosis KCl180 kg/ha, 5) dosis KCl 240 kg/ha, 6) dosis K 2 SO 4 60 kg/ha, 7) dosisK 2 SO 4 120 kg/ha, 8) dosis K 2 SO 4 180 kg/ha, 9) dosis K 2 SO 4 240 kg/ha.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber dan dosis kalium secaranyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi dibandingkan dengankontrol. Pertumbuhan tanaman, produksi terna kering, kadar dan produksiminyak nilam terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan KCl atau K 2 SO 4 dengandosis 60 kg/ha. Serapan hara N dan P yang tertinggi ditunjukkan olehperlakuan pemberian 60 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha dan serapan hara K tertinggi padaperlakuan 120 kg KCl/ha.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth, kalium, sumber, dosis, produksi,patchouli alkoholABSTRACTEffect of potassium sources on application yield andquality of patchouliPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an aromatic plant that haslong been cultivated in Indonesia, however its productivity and quality arestill low due to simple cultivation technology, and the development ofdiseases, such as bacterial wilt disease, budog, and pests caused bynematodes. This study aimed at obtaining sources and dosage of potassiumfertilizers to increase plant growth and oil yield of patchouli. The researchwas conducted in Kuningan, West Java, from May to December 2009 andwas arranged using randomized block design, with 9 treatments and 3replicates. There were 9 treatments consisting of : 1) control, 2) 60 kgKCl/ha, 3) 120 kg KCl/ha, 4) 180 kg KCl/ha, 5) 240 kg KCl/ha, 6) 60 kgK 2 SO 4 /ha, 7) 120 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha, 8) 180 kg K 2 SO 4 /ha, and 9) 240 kgK 2 SO 4 /ha. The research results showed that the sources and dosage ofpotassium fertilizers significantly affected growth, fresh herbal yield andpatchouli oil. The best plant growth, dry herbage yield, content and yieldof patchouli oil were obtained from the treatment of 60 kg/ha of KCl orK 2 SO 4 . The highest N and P uptakes were shown by 60 kg K 2 SO 4 /hatreatment and the highest K nutrient uptake was shown by 120 kg KCl/ha.Key words : Pogostemon cablin Benth, potassium, source, dosage, yield,patchouli olcoho
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAMBU METE DI LOMBOK
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis dankomposisi pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jambu meteyang ditanam pada tanah regosol cokelat-kelabu di Desa Loloan,Kecamatan Bayan, Lombok Barat, dari tahun 1997 sampai 2000. Faktoryang diuji adalah: (1) komposisi NPK, 2 macam (1:1:1, dan 1:1:2); dan (2)dosis pupuk, 4 taraf (500, 750, 1000 dan 1500 g/pohon/tahun). Perlakuandisusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan dan ukuranpetak 4 pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jambu metecukup responsif terhadap pemupukan. Pemberian pupuk menaikkankandungan hara N, P dan K daun. Dosis pupuk yang cukup memadai untukmenunjang pertumbuhan dan produksi jambu mete adalah 500, 750, dan1000 g NPK/pohon/tahun dengan komposisi pupuk NPK 1:1:2, masing-masing untuk umur tanaman 5, 6, dan 7 tahun. Pupuk tersebut diberikandalam 2 kali agihan, yaitu 50% pada awal musim hujan, dan 50% lagimenjelang akhir musim hujan.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, pemupukan,pertumbuhan, produksi, Nusa Tenggara BaratABSTRACTEffect of fertilizer application on the growth and yield ofcashew in LombokA field study was conducted on cashew trees grown at grayish-brown regosol soil located at Loloan, Bayan, West Lombok, from 1997 to2000. The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of NPKfertilizer and its composition on growth and yield of cashew. Treatmentsexamined were: (1) composition of NPK (1:1:1, and 1:1:2); and (2)fertilizer dosage (500, 750, 1000 and 1500 g NPK/tree/year). Thetreatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicationsand plot size of 4 plants. Research results showed that the application offertilizers significantly affected the growth and yield of cashew. Thecontent of N, P and K in cashew leaves improved as the fertilizer dosageincreased. Appropriate amounts of NPK were 500, 750 and 1000 gNPK/tree/year with composition of 1:1:2 for cashew trees of 5, 6 and 7years old, respectively. The fertilizers were applied twice a year (50% inthe beginning of rainy season, and 50% in the end of rainy season).Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, fertilizer application,growth, yield, West Nusa Tenggar
PENCUCIAN DAN SERAPAN HARA LADA PERDU (Piper nigrum L.) PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN AIR
Get PDFABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian harapada berbagai tingkat dan frekuensi pemberian air terhadap pertumbuhandan produksi lada perdu. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah atap InstalasiPenelitian Cimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, tahun1996-1998. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pot drum 40 liter.Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok berukuran 6tanaman/petak yang diulang 3 kali. Terdapat 2 faktor yang diuji yaitukombinasi dari tingkat dan frekuensi pemberian air dan faktor keduaadalah takaran hara NPK Mg 12-12-17-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pemberian air 21 mm/2 hari, setara dengan curah hujan 3.780 mmper tahun dengan pemberian pupuk 400 g NPKMg 12-12-17-2 pertanaman per tahun menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik dan produksitertinggi yaitu 42,7 g/tanaman pada produksi tahun pertama dan 171,2g/tanaman pada tahun produksi kedua. Ini berarti dengan jarak tanam1,25 x 1,25 m telah mampu dicapai hasil lebih dari 1,09 ton/ha. Tingkatpencucian hara makro tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan pemberian air 21mm/2hari dengan agihan pemupukan 600g/tanaman/tahun.Kata kunci : Lada perdu, Piper nigrum L., pemupukan, pemberian air,produksiABSTRACTNutrient leaching and intake in bushy pepper (Pipernigrum L.) at different rates and frequency of wateringThe objective of the research was to find out the effect offertilizing at different rates and frequency of watering on the growth andyield of bushy pepper. The research was done at a shading house ofCimanggu Experimental Farm, Indonesian Spices and Medicinal CropsResearch Institute in 1996 – 1998. Bushy pepper was planted in acontainer of 40 litre in Cimanggu Instalation. The research used arandomized block design with 3 replication, 6 plants/ plot. There weretwo factors studied in the research i.e. the combination of the rate andfrequency of watering, and the rate of NPK Mg 12-12-7-2. The resultsshowed that watering at 21 ml in 2 days, equals to 3780 mm rainfall, withthe application of 400 g NPK Mg 12-12-17-2 per plant gave the bestgrowth performance and the highest yield of pepper 42.7 g/vine at the 1 styear and 171.2 g/vine at the 2 nd year. It means that at the plant spacing of1.25 x 1.25 m the plants can produce 1.09 tones/ha. The highest nutrientleached happened at the treatment of watering of 21 mm/2days withfertilizer application 600 g/vine.Key words: Bushy pepper, Piper nigrum L., fertilizing, watering,growth, productio
PENGARUH POPULASI TANAMAN TERHADAP SIFAT AGRONOMIS SERTA KADAR Cl DAUN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA RAJANGAN PADA TANAH VERTISOLS DI BOJONEGORO
No full textPercobaan lapang telah dilakukan pada tanah vetisol di Kebun Percobaan Pekuwon, Bojonegoro, dimulai Mei sampai September 1996, untuk mempelajari pengaruh populasi tanaman tembakau terhadap sifat agronomis dan kadar Cl daun tanaman tembakau Virginia yang diolah dengan cara dirajang. Tinggi tempat dari lahan percobaan 13 m dpi, dan dengan tipe iklim D. Tanah bertekstur liat dengan 80% liat, 15% debu dan 5% pasir, 0.62% C-organik, 0.10% N, dan pH 8.20. Percobaan disusun dalam ancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari enam laraf populasi tanaman tembakau (12 000; 18 000; 24 000; 36 000; 48 000, dan 60 000 tanaman per ha atau setara dengan 144, 216, 288, 432, 576, dan 720 tanaman per petak). Ukuran petak 12 m x 10 m. Dalam percobaan ini akan dipelajari pula pengaruh bentuk hasil (rajangan dan krosok) terhadap kadar Cl daun. Sepuluh tanaman per petak diolah secara lue-cuing di dalam oven mini, untuk dianalisis kadar Cl daunnya. Varietas tembakau adalah DB 101. Hasil dan indeks tanaman masih terus meningkat sampai populasi tetinggi, sedangkan mutu dan rendemen tidak terpengaruh oleh peningkatan populasi. Peningkatan populasi sebaliknya menurunkan ukuran daun, bobot tiap daun, tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan jumlah daun yang dapat dipanen. Berdasar hasil, mutu dan mudahnya pengelolaan di lapang populasi yang optimal adalah 24 000 tanaman per ha, untuk tembakau Virginia rajangan di Bojonegoro. Peningkatan populasi hanya berpengaruh pada kadar Cl daun atas saja. Sedangkan bentuk hasil tembakau ajangan dan krosok tidak berpengaruh pada kadar Cl daun.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau. tembakau Virginia rajangan, populasi tanaman, vertisols, sifat agronomis, kadar Cl, bentuk olahan ABSTRACT Effect of plant population on agronomic characteristics and leaf Cl content of sliced Virginia tobacco grown in vertisols of BojonegoroThe expeiment was conducted in vetisol soil of Bojonegoro in 1996 to study the effect of plant population on agronomic characteistics and Cl content of sliced tobacco leaves. The experiment was site located 13 m above sea level, with D climatic type. The soil characteristics were clay texture with 80% clay, 15% silt and 5% sand, 0.62% C-organic, 0.10 % N, and pH 8.2. The treatment consisted of six plant populations (12.000 up to 60.000 plants per ha equal with 144, 216, 288, 432, 576, and 720 plants per plot) was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. Plot size was 12 m x 10 m. Plant population per plo( based on the six treatment levels. For Cl content analysis, 10 plants plot was also taken to be processed with lue-curing method in mini oven. Tobacco variety was DB 101. Yield and crop index increased steadily as plant population increased up to the highest plant population. However the increase in plant population decreased the size, weight, number of leaves, and plant height. While grade index, percentage of dry to fresh leaf yield and Cl content of lower and middle leaves were not affected by the increase in plant population. Base on yield, quality, and easier management, the recommended plant population was 24 000 plant per ha. The increase in plant population only affected the Cl content of upper leaves. The form of sliced and lue-cured tobacco leaves did not affect the Cl content of (he leaves.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco, sliced Virginia tobacco, plant population vetisols, agronomic characteristic, Cl contcnl, product for
PENGARUH METODE APLIKASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN NEMATODA PELUKA AKAR (Pratylenchus brachyurus ) PADA TANAMAN NILAM
Get PDFABSTRAKBakteri endofit adalah salah satu agen antagonis yang akhir-akhirini banyak digunakan sebagai pengendalian biologi nematoda parasittanaman. Pada tanaman nilam nematoda Pratylenchus brachyurus merupa-kan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode aplikasi bakteri endofit yangeffisien untuk menekan nematoda P. brachyurus pada tanaman nilam.Penelitian telah dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balai PenelitianTanaman Rempah dan Obat dan Laboratorium Nematologi DepartemenProteksi Tanaman IPB, dari Januari sampai dengan Juli 2005. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertamaadalah metode aplikasi (siram dan rendam), faktor kedua adalah jenisisolat (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi nematoda dipengaruhi olehadanya interaksi antara metode aplikasi dan isolat bakteri yang digunakan,sedangkan berat tajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman hanya dipengaruhioleh jenis bakteri. Isolat Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 dan Bacillus NJ2dengan metode perendaman akar mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggidalam menekan populasi P. brachyurus yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 75%,63% dan 60%. Semua isolat yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan berattajuk, panjang akar dan tinggi tanaman.Kata kunci: Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, penyakit tanaman, pengendalianbiologi, bakteri endofit, nematoda, Pratylenchus brachyurus,Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of application method of endophytic bacteria onroot lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) onpatchouliEndophytic bacteria is one of the important agents recently usedfor controlling plant parasitic nematodes. P. brachyurus is one of thefactors affecting the productivity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.)in Indonesia. The objectives of the research were to find out an efficientapplication method of endophytic bacteria to reduce P. brachyurus onpatchouli. The research was conducted in the Nematology Laboratory,Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University and in theLaboratory and Greenhouse of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal CropsResearch Institute, from January to July 2005. The research usedrandomized complete design with two factors, the first factor wasapplication method (drencing and deeping), the second factor was bacteriaisolates (NJ2, NJ25, NJ41, NJ46, NJ57, NA22, ERB21, ES32, E26). Theresults showed that the population of nematode was affected by theinteraction between bacterial isolates and application method. While shootweight, root length and plant height were affected by bacterial isolates.Bacillus NA22, Bacillus NJ46 and Bacillus NJ2 applicated by deeping theroot into bacterial suspension significantly gave good result in reducing P.brachyurus, i.e. 75%, 63% and 60%. All bacterial isolates increased shootweight, root length.Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, plant disease, biologicalcontrol, endophytic bacteria, nematode, Pratylenchusbrachyurus, West Jav
RESPON RAMI TERHADAP DOSIS DAN APLIKASI PUPUK MIKRO DAN DOLOMIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT KALIMANTAN TENGAH
No full textPenelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Karangploso, Malang pada bulan September 1998 sampai dengan Agustus 1999. Tujuan dai penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk dai unsur hara mikro, dolomit dan waktu pembeian terhadap petumbuhan dan hasil serat rami pada tanah gambut Berengbengkel Kalimantan Tengah. Perlakuan disusun secara faklorial dalam ancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor I berupa paket dosis pupuk yang terdii atas lima dosis yaitu d,. 30 g dolomit per pot ; d2. 50 mg CuSO, ♦ 50 mg ZnS04 + 50 mg MnS04 + 30 g dolomit per pot ; dj. : 100 mg CuS04 + 100 mg ZnS04 + 100 mg MnS04 + 30 g dolomit per pot ; <U 50 mg CuS04 + 50 mg ZnS04 + 50 mg MnS04 + 15 g dolomit per pot; dan d, TOO mg CuS04 + 100 mg ZnSO, + 100 mg MnS04 + 15 g dolomit per pot. Faktor II berupa tiga waktu pemberian pupuk mikro yang terdii atas tiga taraf yaitu w, : dibeikan setiap habis di panen (setiap umur 60 hari sekali tanaman rami dipanen , dipotong pada pangkal batang); w2: dibeikan setiap dua kali dipanen ; dan wj: dibeikan setiap tiga kali dipanen. Klon rami yang ditanam adalah Pujon 10. Panjang stek rhizome yang ditanam 8 cm. Tanah gambut, dolomit dan pupuk kandang dicampur secara merata. Pot-pot plastik wana hitam diisi campuran media tersebut dengan takaran sebanyak 20 kg/pot. Pot-pot ini merupkan unit percobaan. Pot-pot diletakan dengan jarak 75 cm x.40 cm. Pupuk dasar (1.5 g urea + 1.0 g ZA + 1.0 g SP-36 + 1.0 g KCI)/pot/panen + 100 g pupuk kandang (kotoran kambingj'pot'tahun Pupuk kandang dan dolomit diberikan hanya sekali saja pada permulaan tanam Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil serat kasar (china-grass) tertinggi diperoleh dari total panenan II, III dan IV sebesar 8.62 g/pot yang dihasilkan dai perlakuan 100 mg CuS04 + 100 mg ZnS04 + 100 mg MnS04 /pot dan 30 g dolomit dengan pembeian pupuk setiap kali dipanen.Kata kunci: Lahan gambut, dolomit, rami (Boehmeria nivea) ABSTRACT Response of ramie to the dose and application of micro element and dolomite in peat soil Central KalimantanThe experiment was conducted at the glass house of Ihe Research Institute For Tobacco and Fiber Crops, Karangploso, Malang from September 1998 to August 1999. The purpose of this expeiment was to ind out the dose of micro element, dolomite and time of application of fertilizer on the growth and iber yield of ramie in peat soil of Berengbengkel, Central Kalimantan Province. The treatment was arranged factoially in a completely randomized design with three replications. The irst factor was ive kind of fetilizers d|. : 30 g dolomite per pot ; di. 50 mg CuS04 + 50 mg ZnS04 + 50 mg MnS04 * 30 g dolomite per pot; dj. : 100 mg CuSO< + 100 mg ZnSO. * 100 mg MnS04 * 30 g dolomite per pot ; <U 50 mg CuS04 + 50 mg ZnS041 50 mg MnS04 + 15 g dolomite per pot; and d5 MOO mg CuS04 ♦ 100 mg ZnS04 * 100 mg MnS04 + 1J g dolomite per pot. The second factor was time of fetilizer application Wj : every harvesting ; w2 : every two times of harvesting , and wj : every three times of harvesting. The rhizome of ramie wilh 8 cm length size was used in this experiment. Black plastic pots were illed with 20 kg peat soil. These pots were the experiment unil. The peat soil, dolomite and farm manure were mixed evenly. The pots were arranged in a space 75 cm x 40 cm Basic fetilizer was 1.5 g urea * 1.0 g ZA + 1.0 g SP-36 • 1.0 g KCI) potliarvcsling ♦ 100 g farm manure pot/year. Dolomite and farm manure were applied at earl) planting. The result showed that the highest tolal fiber yield of harvest II, III and IV 8 62 g/pot was achieved by applying 100 mg CuSO< + 100 mg ZnS04 + 100 mg MnSO*/ pot/harvesting and 30 g dolomite/pot/year.Key words : Ramie, Boehmeria nivea, peat soil, dolomit
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN AIR KELAPA DAN PENAMBAHAN DAGING KELAPA MUDA SERTA LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SERBUK MINUMAN KELAPA
Get PDFABSTRAKAir kelapa dan daging kelapa muda memiliki rasa dan aroma khas,namun kelezatannya tidak bisa dinikmati setiap saat oleh setiap orang,karena umur simpan kelapa muda terbatas dan sulitnya distribusi. Salahsatu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperpanjang masa simpan danmempermudah distribusi adalah melalui proses pengeringan, misalnyadengan spray drier. Bahan pangan yang dikeringkan dengan spray drierharus berupa suspensi dan hasil akhir bentuk serbuk. Penelitian dilakukandengan mengeringkan campuran air kelapa dan daging buah kelapa mudadengan spray drier. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruhperbandingan antara air kelapa dan daging buah kelapa muda terhadapmutu serbuk minuman kelapa selama penyimpanan. Penelitian disusunsecara faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Faktor A, kematangan airkelapa : (A1) tua dan (A2) muda. Faktor B, penambahan daging kelapamuda : (B1) 15%, (B2) 20% dan (B3) 25%. Faktor C, lama penyimpanan:(C1) 0 bulan, (C2) 1 bulan, dan (C3) 2 bulan., (C4) 3 bulan dan (C5) 4bulan. Ulangan 2 kali. Pengamatan terdiri dari : kalium, serat pangan,warna, aroma dan rasa, total mikroba, pH, total padatan, total asam dankadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total padatan Serbuk MinumanKelapa (SMK) berkisar 7,59-9,50%, pH 4,94-5,35 dan total asam 25,85-43,90. Serat pangan 4,70-5,54%, kalium tertinggi pada air kelapa tuadengan penambahan daging kelapa muda 20%, yaitu 1.328,58 mg/100 g.Sedangkan kadar air 5,15- 7,84%. Warna 3,617-3,719 (biasa sampai suka);aroma 3,000 – 3,960 (biasa sampai suka), dan rasa manis 2,500-3,640(suka). Total mikroba SMK 3,72- 4,43 log CFU/g. Kematangan air kelapaberpengaruh terhadap kadar serat pangan. Penambahan daging kelapamuda berpengaruh terhadap kadar serat pangan dan warna. Lamapenyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap total padatan. Interaksi kematangan airkelapa, penambahan daging kelapa muda dan lama penyimpanan ber-pengaruh terhadap pH, total asam, aroma, rasa dan total mikroba.Berdasarkan skor rasa, kadar air, kalium, serat pangan dan total mikroba,maka SMK yang memiliki mutu baik dan berpotensi dikembangkan adalahformula air kelapa tua dengan penambahan 20% daging kelapa muda.Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, pengolahan, serbuk minuman,Sulawesi UtaraABSTRACTEffect of coconut water and young coconut kernel ratioand storage duration to the quality of coconut waterconcentrateCoconut water and young coconut kernel have unique flavor andodour. Since these products can not be kept longer and distributionproblem, so both of them are not available everywhere and anytime.Drying method with spray dryer equipment is a method to extend theproduct life product. Generally, spray dryer is used to make some foodproducts in powder form deriving from suspension. Raw materials used inthis experiment were coconut water from both of young and mature nutand young coconut kernel. The mixture was dried with spray dryer. Theobjective of this research was to find out the effect of coconut water andyoung coconut kernel ratio to the quality of coconut water concentrateduring storage. The experiment was arranged in factorial using completelyrandomized design with 2 replications. Factor A was maturity of coconutwater consist of (A1) young coconut water and (A2) mature coconutwater. Factor B was ratio of young coconut kernel and coconut water :(B1) 15%, (B2) 20%, (B3) 25%. Factor C was : storage duration consistof (C1) 0 month, (B2) 1 month, (B3) 2 months, (B4) 3 months and (B5) 4months. The variables were observed as follow : kalium content, fibercontent, colour, flavor, odour, total plate count, acidity, total soluble solid,total acid and water content. The results showed that coconut waterconcentrate had 7.59-9.50% of total soluble solid, acidity (pH) 4.94-5.35and total acid 25.85-43.90. By using 20% young coconut kernel in maturecoconut water obtained product with fiber content about 4.70-5.54% andhighest potassium content around 1,328.58 mg/100g. Score of organoleptictest as follow : colur is 3.617-3.719 (neither like nor dislike), odour is3.00-3.96 (neither like nor dislike to like) and flavor is sweet about 2.50-3.96 (like). Total plate count of coconut water concentrate is about 3.72-4.43 log CFU/g. Maturity of coconut water affected fiber content. Addingyoung coconut kernel affected total soluble solid. Whereas interaction ofcoconut water maturity, adding coconut kernel and storage durationaffected some variables like pH, total acid, odour, flavor and total platecount. Based on the results of flavour, moisture content, potassiumcontent, fiber content and total plate count showed coconut waterconcentrate had good quality. So it is potential to be developed. The bestformula is FORMULA E which was derived from mature coconut waterwith 20% young coconut kernel.Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, processing, concentrate drink,North Sulawe
RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR
No full textDaun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu ABSTRACT Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, qualit
UJI PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU TIGA VARIETAS TEMBAKAU ORIENTAL DI INDONESIA
Get PDFABSTRAKUntuk memperoleh varietas yang sesuai di Indonesia telahdilakukan pengujian tiga varietas tembakau oriental, yaitu Zichna, XanthiYaka dan Izmir di Desa Rejuno, Dero (Kabupaten Ngawi) danMargomulyo (Kabupaten Bojonegoro). Tipe tanah ketiga desa tersebutberturut-turut adalah lempung, liat, dan lempung berdebu. Pengujiandilakukan pada tiga periode tanam tahun 2007 dan 2008. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tipe tanah berpengaruh terhadap hasil dan indekstanaman, yang terbaik adalah tanah lempung seperti di Desa Rejuno.Berdasarkan hasil, indeks tanaman dan penilaian organoleptik, varietasyang terbaik adalah Zichna, hasilnya rata-rata 2,213 t/ha dan indekstanaman 91,66. Varietas tersebut menghasilkan sensasi iritasi dan impakrendah dan aroma sangat baik. Pada urutan berikutnya adalah varietasXanthi Yaka, hasilnya 1,742 t/ha, indeks tanaman 78,27. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian tersebut maka kedua varietas tembakau oriental tersebut jugasesuai untuk rokok kretek di Indonesia. Keduanya sesuai ditanam pada tipetanah lempung atau tanah yang banyak mengandung kapur dan pasir.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum L., tembakau oriental, varietas, IndonesiaABSTRACTProductivity and quality tests of three oriental tobacco varieties in IndonesiaThree oriental tobacco varieties were tested in villages of Rejuno,Dero (Ngawi regency), and Margomulyo (Bojonegoro regency) to find outsuitable variety to grow in Indonesia. Soil types of the three villages wereloam, clay, and silt loam, respectively. The tests were carried out for threeplanting series in 2007 and 2008. Research result showed that soil typesaffected several agronomic characters as well as yield and crop indices.The most suitable soil was silt loam as in Rejuno village. According toyield, crop index, and organoleptic evaluation, Zichna variety was the bestwith yield potential and crop index of 2.213 t/ha and 91.66.Organoleptically, the variety was low irritation and sensation impact andvery good in aroma. The second best variety was Xanthi Yaka with yieldpotential and crop index of 1.742 t/ha and 78.27. This research revealedthat Zichna and Xanthi Yaka varieties were suitable as raw material forclove cigarette. In addition, these two varieties were also well suited to begrown in Indonesia, especially on loamy and sandy soils with large amountof lime.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum L., oriental tobacco, variety, Indonesi