Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SOMATIK PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)
Get PDFABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau P. alpina KDS.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat asli Indonesia endemik dataran tinggidan pada saat ini dibudidayakan secara terbatas di Dataran Tinggi Dieng.Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk memperluas arealpengembangan tanaman ini adalah melalui perakitan varietas tolerandataran rendah atau menengah, yang antara lain dapat diperoleh melaluipendekatan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi yang dapat dilakukansecara in vitro. Pengaruh cekaman suhu tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan danperkembangan purwoceng secara in vitro sejauh ini belum diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng secara invitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor mulai Oktober2007 – Maret 2008. Embrio somatik purwoceng diinduksi dari eksplandaun aseptik. Embrio somatik fase globuler yang terbentuk dipergunakansebagai eksplan kemudian diinkubasi pada tiga taraf suhu ruang yaitu 17,3± 0,5ºC (kontrol), 23,3 ± 2,1ºC, dan 32,8 ± 1,7ºC selama 3 bulan dengansub kultur setiap bulan sampai terbentuk planlet/tunas. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplanembrio somatik yang meliputi penambahan bobot segar eksplan,persentase eksplan yang membentuk tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentukper eksplan serta persentase eksplan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yangdiamati. Rata-rata penambahan bobot segar, persentase eksplanmembentuk tunas, jumlah tunas per eksplan dan persentase eksplan hidupsemakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya suhu inkubasi. Suhu 32,8± 1,7ºC memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng dibandingkansuhu kontrol dan 23,3 ± 2,1ºC sejak periode inkubasi 1 bulan. Sedangkansuhu 23,3 ± 2,1ºC baru memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyatasetelah periode inkubasi 3 bulan.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, embrio somatik, suhu, pertumbuhanABSTRACTEffect of temperature incubation on growth and de-velopment of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)somatic embryosPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., P. alpina KDS.) is one ofIndonesian medicinal plants. It is high altitude endemic species which iscurrently cultivated on a limited areas in the Dieng Plateau. One effort toexpand purwoceng cultivation areas is through the assembly ofpurwoceng varieties tolerant to low or medium altitude, among others, canbe obtained through the approach of selection for high temperaturetolerance that can be done by in vitro selection. How high temperaturestress influencing the growth and development of purwoceng somaticembryos is not known yet. The research aimed at determining theinfluence of incubation temperature on the growth and development ofpurwoceng somatic embryos. The research was conducted at tissue culturelaboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI) from October 2007 – March 2008. Purwoceng somaticembryos induced from aseptic leaves incubated at three levels of roomtemperature i.e. 17.3 ± 0.5 º C (control), 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC, and 32.8 ± 1.7 º Cfor 3 months with a subculture every month. Variables observed wereexplants fresh weight increment, percentage of explants forming shoot,number of shoot per explants, and percentage of survive explants. Theresult showed that the average of explants fresh weight increment,percentage of explants forming shoot, number of shoot per explants, andpercentage of survive explants decreased with the increase of temperature.The growth and development of purwoceng somatic embryos weresignificantly inhibited at the temperature of 32.8 ± 1.7ºC since one monthafter incubation, while the inhibition of temperature of 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC wasnot significant except after 3 month of incubation.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, somatic embryos, temperature, growt
DOSIS SUBLETAL S/NPV DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP TRANSMISI VERTIKAL PADA LARVA Spodoptera litura F.
No full textKetcrganlungan pada insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian serangga hama kapas merupakan salah satu alasan pemanfaatan patogen serangga, khususnya S/NPV untuk mengendalikan larva S. litura. Mcskipun secara tcknis agen pengendalian ini cukup potensial mengendalikan hama sasaran, tetapi pemanfaatannya secara luas masih menghadapi banyak kendala, salah satunya adalah tcrbalasnya produk komersial yang menyebabkan aplikasi kurang optimal. Fcnomena transmisi vetikal S/NPV pada generasi hama bcikutnya cukup berpotensi mengendalikan inangnya secara langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di l-aboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai April hingga Agustus 2002. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai pengaruh dosis subletal S/NPV pada perkembangan larva S. lilura dan potensinya dalam mentransmisikan infeksi S/NPV pada generasi bcrikutnya (FI). Penelitian disusun secara faktorial dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor petama adalah instar larva S. litura terdiri atas dua taraf, yailu: (1) instar ketiga, dan (2) instar kelima. Faktor kedua adalah dosis subletal S/NPV terdiri atas liga laraf, yaitu 5000. 50 000: dan 500 000 PlB'larva. Sebagai pembanding perlakuan digunakan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan S/NPV), dan setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh dosis subletal S/NPV pada larva S. litura instar ketiga dan kelima, selain menyebabkan motalitas larva, juga mengurangi bobot pupa dan jumlah lelur Larva instar ketiga lebih peka icrhadap infeksi S/NPV yang menyebabkan pupanya mcmiliki bobol (erendah, yaitu 211.5 mg pada laraf dosis 50 000 PIB/larva. Rendahnya bobol pupa berkorelasi positif dengan menurunnya jumlah telur imago, yaitu hanya mencapai 30% (502 butir) dari jumlah telur pada kontrol Peningkatan laraf dosis subletal meningkatkan persentase telur ter¬ kontaminasi polihedra, yaitu tertinggi 24% pada taraf dosis 500 000 PIB/larva, dan juga menurunkan daya tetas telur. Sterilisasi berpotensi menghambat transmisi vetikal S/NPV pada generasi berikutnya (FI), sehingga menurunkan persentase motalitas larva neonate FI. Tanpa sterilisasi pada lelur, motalitas larva neonate IT mencapai t 20%, tetapi dengan sterilisasi menyebabkan motalilas larva rendah yaitu t 5%.Kata kunci : Dosis subletal, entomopatogen S/NPV, transmisi vertikal, S. litura, instar, mortalitas, pupa, neonate, cpizootik. kapas ABSTRACTSublelhal dose of SINPV and its effects on vertical transmission on larvae of Spodoptera lituraOne reason of the use of cnlomopathogen is to reduce chemical inscctisides application on cotton pest insect control S/NPV is one of ihe effective entomopathogen to control S. litura larvae. Technically, this biological agent is effective to control the insect pest, however it is not used widely because of its limited commercial product. Solving this problem is needed such as searching for another information about killing potential of S/NPV to the next generation of the insect pest, especially to anticipate the less frequency of its application. Therefore, infection through vetical transmission is one of ihe solutions. The research were conducted al the Laboratory of F-ntomology of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute (ITOFCRI), Malang, from April to August 2003. The aim of the study was to get information about sublcthal doses of S/NPV and its effect to S litura larvae development and vetical transmission potency to Ihe next larval generation (FI) of Ihe insect pesl. This study was arranged in factorial by using Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: (1) instar of larvae (third and fith instar), (2) sublethal doses of S/NPV (5 000; 50 000, and 500 000 PIB.larvac) and one control (untreated) as a comparison to treatments. The result showed thai the effect of sublelhal doses of S/NPV on (he third and fith instars of S. litura larvae was nol only caused mortality, but also less pupal weight and egg numbers. The third instar of larvae was more susceptible to S/NPV infection which caused lowest weight of pupae ca. 211.5 mg at 50 000 PIB/larva level of dose. There was positive correlation between less pupal weight and decreased of egg numbers which only 30% (502 eggs) of that in control Increasing sublethal dose of S/NPV would increased polyhcdra- contaminatcd eggs by 24% at 500 000 PIB/larvae and decrease the egg hatch. Egg surface sterilization would obstruct vetical transmission of S/NPV to their new generation of larvae (FI), so it decreases the percentage of neonate larval motality rom 20% to 5% when untreated and treated surface egg sterilization, respectively.Key words: Sublethal dose, entomopathogenic S/NPV. vetical transmission, S. lilura, instar, mortality, pupae, neonate, epizootic, cotto
PENGARUH AUKSIN IBA DAN NAA TERHADAP INDUKSI PERAKARAN INGGU
Get PDFABSTRAK Inggu (Ruta graveolens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat langka di Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan. Upaya konservasi tanaman inggu telah dilakukan secara in vitro di laboratorium Balittro selama 17 tahun pada kultur tunas. Untuk mengobservasi kestabilan genetik perlu dilakukan induksi perakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA terhadap induksi perakaran inggu secara in vitro. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tunas steril inggu in vitro yang telah berumur 17 tahun, yang ditanam pada media dasar Murashige dan Skoog (MS) setengah konsentrasi (½ MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari group B. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin IBA dan NAA (0; 0,001; 0,002; dan 0,003 mg/l). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari lima botol yang berisi dua tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah, panjang, dan bentuk akar, serta jumlah tunas dan penampilan kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media ½ MS yang diperkaya NAA pada konsentrasi rendah 0,001 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah akar terbanyak, yaitu 13,6 akar. Perlakuan ini juga menghasilkan banyak bulu-bulu akar yang menandakan akar yang sehat. Kata kunci: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, induksi perakaran, in vitro The Effect of Auxin IBA and NAA to In Vitro Rooting Induction of Roe (Ruta graveolens L.) ABSTRACTRoe (Ruta graveolens L.) is one of the Indonesian rare medicinal plants. An attempt to conserve roe, has been conducted through in vitro culture of sterile shoots at the laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institut (ISMCRI) for 17 years. To observe the genetic stability of culture following in vitro conservation for a long period, the collection must be tested in greenhouse and field. Therefore, it is necessary to induce rooting. The aim of the experiment was to observe the effect of IBA and NAA auxin to root induction of roe. The sterile shoots were used as material. They were planted on half-concentration (½ MS) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, enriched with vitamin from group B. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Each replication consist of five bottles with two plants. The treatment tested were several concentrations of IBA and NAA (0; 0.001; 0.002; and 0.003 mg/l). The parameters observed were number, lenght, shape, and length of roots, and also the number of shoots and culture performance. The result showed that the use of ½ MS + NAA0.001 mg/l produced the highest number of roots (13.6 roots). This treatment also produced a lot of root hairs which indicates a healthy roots. Key words: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, roots induction, in vitr
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN VIABILITAS BENIH SETEK NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Get PDFABSTRAKSampai saat ini informasi pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupukterhadap produktivitas, dan viabilitas benih nilam (Pogostemon cablinBenth) masih terbatas. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuanmendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk yang optimum untuk produksibenih/setek nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP)Sukamulya, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Industri Lain (Balittri),Pakuwon, Parungkuda, Sukabumi, dari Januari sampai November 2010.Percobaan faktorial, dengan tiga faktor dan tiga ulangan, disusun dalamrancangan petak terbagi dua kali (RPPT). Petak utama adalah dua varietasnilam yaitu Sidikalang dan Lhokseumawe. Anak petak adalah tiga jaraktanam yaitu (1) 1 x 0,5 m; (2) 1 x 0,7 m; dan (3) 1 x 1 m. Anak-anak petakadalah dua dosis pemupukan yaitu : 1) 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea,150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl/th, dan 2) 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kgurea, 225 kg SP-36, dan 450 kg KCl/th. Ukuran plot 8,4 x 5 m. Parameteryang diamati adalah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlahcabang primer, sekunder, dan tersier), produksi benih pertanaman,diameter bagian pangkal, tengah, dan pucuk dari cabang primer dansekunder, kadar karbohidrat dan serat, dan viabilitas benih setek.Pengamatan dilakukan pada umur enam bulan setelah tanam (6 BST).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) varietas Sidikalang dengandosis pemupukan 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, dan450 kg KCl/th, menghasilkan jumlah cabang primer paling tinggi yaitu14,29; (2) jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan benih setek tertinggi(73.555 stek/1.000 m 2 ). Rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pangkal ≥ 5mm, sedangkan rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pucuk ≥ 4 mm; (3)Viabilitas benih pada 0 dan 4 hari setelah penyimpanan ≥ 80%. Jaraktanam 1 x 0,5 m dengan dosis pupuk kandang sebanyak 30 ton, 300 kgurea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl pertahun merupakan dosis yangoptimal untuk produksi benih/setek nilam. Kombinasi perlakuanpemupukan 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, 300 kgKCl/th dengan jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan keuntungan tertinggiyaitu: Rp 6.668.500 dengan nilai B/C 2,05.Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth, jarak tanam, pemupukan,produksi, kualitas benih/setekABSTRACTEffect of Spacing and Fertilizer Dosages on Productionand Viability of Patchouli Cutting SeedsInformation on the effect of plant density and fertilizer dosage onthe production and viability of patchouli seeds is still limited. Thisexperiment was aimed at finding out optimum plant spacing and fertilizerdosage for improving production and quality of patchouli cutting seeds.The experiment was conducted at Sukamulya experimental station ofIndonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI),Pakuwon, Sukabumi from January through November 2010. Thisexperiment was consisted of three factors and three replicates and wasarranged in a split-split-plot design. The main plots were two varieties ofpatchouli, i.e. V1 = Sidikalang and V2 = Lhokseumawe. The sub plotswere three plant spacing dimentions, i.e. S1 (1 x 0.5 m), S2 (1 x 0.7 m),and S3 (1 x 1 m). The sub-sub plots were two levels of fertilizer dosage,i.e. F1 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 30 t; 450, 225, and 450 kg/ha,respectively) and F2 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 45 t; 300, 150, and450 kg/year, respectively). Variables observed were plant growth (plantheight; number of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches), seedproductivity and viability, diameter of bottom, medium, and upper ofcutting seeds. The results of experiment indicated that Sidikalang variety,treated with 45 tons of manure, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, and 450 kgKCl per hectare produced the highest number of primary branchescompared to other treatments. Plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced thehighest number of cutting seeds (73,555 stumps/1,000m 2 ). The averageddiameters of cutting seeds from basal were ≥ 5 mm while those from topwere ≥ 4 mm. Viability of the cutting seeds at 0 and 4 days after storagewas ≥ 80%. Plant spacing 1 x 0.5 m with dosage of fertilizer 30 ton dungmanure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KCl per year is the dosageoptimum for producing seed/cutting of patchouli. Combination of fertilizerdosages of 30 tons manure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KClper year and plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced the highest profit asmuch as Rp 6,668,500 with B/C value of 2.05.Key words: Pogostemon cablin Benth, plant spacing, fertilizer,production, cutting seed qualit
PENGARUH JENIS KEMASAN TERHADAP MUTU DAN PERTUMBUHAN SETEK NILAM BERAKAR (Pogostemon cablin Benth) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Get PDFABSTRAKPenanganan benih yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk mempertahan-kan viabilitas benih nilam yang dikirim ke daerah yang jauh dari kebuninduk. Benih yang tidak dikemas dengan baik akan berakibat menurunnyaviabilitas benih dengan cepat, sehingga pada saat ditanam benih tidakdapat tumbuh (mati). Untuk itu telah dilaksanakan penelitian yangbertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kemasan setek berakarterhadap pertumbuhan nilam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) dari bulan Desember2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005. Percobaan disusun dalam rancanganacak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan.Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah : (1) setek nilam dibalut tissue dandibungkus plastik transparan, (2) setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkusplastik transparan, (3) setek nilam dibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus plastiktransparan, (4) setek nilam dibalut tissue dan dibungkus karung plastik, (5)setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkus karung plastik, (6) setek nilamdibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus karung plastik, (7) kontrol (setek tidakdibalut dan tidak dibungkus). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwapersentase hidup setek berakar nilam yang disimpan selama 7 hari padasemua kemasan kecuali kontrol masih tinggi yaitu >90%. Hampir dariseluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas dan jumlahdaun) yang diamati menunjukkan pengemasan setek nilam dibalut tissuedan dibungkus plastik transparan lebih baik dibandingkan denganpengemasan setek yang lain.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, benih, setek berakar, jeniskemasan, pertumbuhan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of packing materials on the quality and growth ofpatchouli rooted cuttingsGood seed handling should be carried out seriously to maintain thecutting viability of pacthouli especially when the cutting distributed toother region far away from the seed garden. Improper cutting packing willdecrease of viability the cutting very fast and when it is planted the cuttingwill not grow.Therefore, the research was conducted to find out the effectof packing material on the growth of rooted cutting. The experiment wasconducted in the green house of the Indonesian Research Institute forAromatic and Medicinal Crops Bogor from December 2004 to March2005, and it was arranged completely in a randomized design (CRD) with3 replications, consisted of 7 packing treatments. The treatments were : (1)rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with tissue media, (2)rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with newspaper media,(3) rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with cocopeat media,(4) rooted cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with tissue media, (5) rootedcuttings wrapped using plastic sack with newspaper media, (6) rootedcuttings wrapped using plastic sack with cocopeat media, (7) control(unwrapped seedling). The results indicated that after 7 days of storage,rooted cuttings of patchouli were still viable (>90%) in all treatmentsexcept control. Packing of rooted cuttings by wrapping it with transparentplastic with tissue media showed the best growth with more number ofleaves and higher plant compared to other packing treatments.Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedling, rooted cutting,packing material, growth, West Jav
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA DI BONDOWOSO, JAWA TIMUR
Get PDFABSTRAKUntuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk terhadap hasil danmutu tembakau virginia yang ditanam di tanah ringan, telah dilakukanpenelitian di Desa Pengarang, Kecamatan Pujer, Kabupaten Bondowosomulai bulan April sampai Nopember 2001. Penelitian ini menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk menyusunperlakuan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah pupuk majemuk (PM) dengandosis 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 butir pertanaman dibandingkan dengan PM (dosismasing-masing) dicampur dengan biokonsentrat. Sebagai perlakuanpembanding adalah paket pupuk rekomendasi, yaitu 200 ZA + 200 PN +100 SP36 + 100 ZK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PMsebanyak 6 butir per tanaman (setara dengan 185 kg/ha atau 40 kg N/ha)menghasilkan daun basah tembakau sebanyak 11,34 ton/ha. Hasil daunbasah tersebut tidak berbeda dengan hasil daun basah tertinggi (12,42ton/ha) yang dihasilkan tanaman tembakau dengan paket dosisrekomendasi. Dosis pupuk majemuk juga memberikan nilai indeks mututertinggi (55,90) tidak berbeda pengaruhnya dengan pupuk rekomendasi.Pemberian pupuk rekomendasi menghasilkan tanaman tembakau yangberkadar N dan P jaringan tanaman tertinggi pada pengamatan umurtanaman 75 hari setelah tanam dan pada saat akhir panen.Kata kunci: Tembakau virginia, tanah ringan, pupuk, KabupatenBondowoso, Jawa TimurABSTRACTEffect of compound fertilizer on yield and quality ofvirginia tobacco in light soil, Bondowoso, East JavaStudy to determine the effect of compound fertilizer on yield andquality of virginia tobacco was conducted in Pengarang, Pujer, Bondo-woso District, from April to November 2001. Factorial in randomizedblock design with three replicates was arranged to set the treatmentconsisting of two factors. The first factor of treatment consists of twovariables, i.e. compound fertilizer (PK) and PK +bio-concentrate. Thesecond factor was the rates of PK, i.e 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 tablets per plant orequivalent to 185, 221, 258, 294 and 331 kg/ha. All the treatments werecompared to recommended fertilizer to farmers (200 ZA + 200 PN + 100SP36 + 100 ZK kg/ha). The results showed that 185 kg/ha PK gave thefresh tobacco yield of 11.34 tones/ha which was not significantly differentwith the highest fresh tobacco leave (12.42 tones/ha) produced byrecommended fertilizer. Grade index value of tobacco produce by PK andrecommended fertilizer was not significantly different. However, virginiatobacco with recommended fertilizer had the highest content of N and P inplant tissues which were observed at 75 days after planting and until theend of harvesting.Key words: Virginia tobacco, light soil, fertilizer, Bondowoso District,East Jav
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK Phytophthora capsici Leonian ASAL LADA (Piper nigrum L.) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER
Get PDFABSTRAKPhytophthora capsici adalah penyebab penyakit busuk pangkalbatang yang paling merugikan pada lada di Indonesia dan sulitdikendalikan karena dapat bertahan lama dalam tanah serta memilikikeragaman agresivitas isolat luas. Pengetahuan mengenai keragamangenetik strain-strain P. capsici dapat membantu perancangan strategiefektif pengelolaan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasikeragaman dan struktur genetik isolat-isolat P. capsici asal ladamenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanOktober 2009 sampai April 2010 di Laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogendan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Balittro. Keragaman genetik 59isolat P. capsici yang berasal dari koleksi kultur tahun 1982-2009 dari 37lokasi di Sumatera, Bangka, Jawa, dan Kalimantan, dikarakterisasimenggunakan enam primer RAPD. Pengelompokan menggunakanunweighted pair-group method with arithmatic averaging (UPGMA)berdasarkan profil RAPD membagi ke-59 isolat ke dalam lima gerombolutama; yang menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik tinggi antar isolat.Pengelompokan RAPD tidak berkaitan dengan asal lokasi isolat. Analysisof molecular variance (AMOVA) juga menunjukkan adanya keragamangenetik yang tinggi di antara isolat-isolat P. capsici, dengan ragam genetiktotal sebesar 96% terletak di dalam masing-masing pulau (withinpopulations). Namun demikian, terdapat ragam genetik antar isolat daripulau berbeda (among populations) yang signifikan (4% ; P=0,001), yaituantar populasi di Sumatera dan Bangka dengan jarak genetik sebesar 0,081(P=0,002). Ketidakterkaitan antara pengelompokan RAPD dengan asallokasi geografik isolat dan ragam genetik yang tinggi dalam satu pulaudapat diakibatkan oleh terjadinya penyebaran isolat antar daerah, terutamamelalui bibit tanaman yang terinfestasi P. capsici. Pencegahan penyebaranisolat antar pulau perlu dilakukan melalui sertifikasi bibit bebas penyakitBPB dan pengembangan sistem perbenihan lokal.Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,RAPD, keragaman genetik, struktur populasiABSTRACTPhytophthora capsici is the causal agent of foot rot, the mostdestructive disease of pepper in Indonesia and difficult to control .Knowledge in the genetic structure of P. capsici strains can enrichdesigning effective disease management strategies. This study was aimedat analyzing the genetic variability and structure of P. capsici isolates frompepper using RAPD. The study was done from October 2009 until April2010 at the Biochemical Laboratory of Indonesian Center for AgriculutralBiotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, and thePlant Pest and Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute ofSpice and Medicinal Crops. Fifty-nine isolates collected from 1982 to2009 from Sumatera, Bangka, Java, and Kalimantan were characterizedbased on six RAPD markers. Unweighted pair-group method witharithmatic averaging (UPGMA) clustering based on RAPD profilesdivided the isolates into five major cluster, which indicated high geneticvariability among isolates. No apparent relationship between RAPDclustering and geographic origin of isolate was observed. Hierarchicalpartitioning of genetic variation using analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) confirmed the overall high variability among isolates, with96% of total genetic variance was resided among isolates within islands(within populations). Nevertheless, a small (4%) but significant (P=0.001)genetic variance among isolates between different islands (amongpopulations) were observed, which was detected between populations inSumatera and Bangka with genetic distance (Ф PT ) as high as 0,081(P=0,002). The lack of association between RAPD clustering andgeographic origin as well as high genetic variance within populations mayhave been the result of movement of isolates between locations, mostlikely through infested plant cuttings. Use of certified and development ofblackpepper clones locally are required to prevent disease spread amongislands.Keywords: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici, geneticdiversity, RAPD, population structur
KESESUAIAN BEBERAPA GALUR KAPAS BERDAUN OKRA PADA SISTEM TANAM RAPAT
Get PDFABSTRAKTanaman kapas dengan bentuk daun yang menjari (okra) diharapkanbisa dikembangkan dengan sistem tanam rapat untuk meningkatkan hasilkapas berbiji. Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Asem-bagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur mulai Februari-Juli 2007 dan bertujuanuntuk mengetahui kesesuaian galur kapas berdaun okra pada sistem tanamrapat. Sistem tanam rapat yang dimaksud adalah sistem tanam monokulturdengan jarak tanam dalam barisan dirapatkan yaitu dengan jarak tanam100 cm x 10 cm (100.000 tan/ha). Percobaan disusun dalam rancanganacak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan dan 1 ulangan monokultur dengan sistemtanam normal (100 cm x 25 cm; 40.000 tan/ha). Perlakuan terdiri dari 14galur/varietas kapas yang terdiri atas 12 galur berdaun okra dan 2 varietasberdaun normal (Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13) sebagai pembanding.Paramater yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi, jumlahcabang generatif, jumlah buah/tanaman setiap bulan mulai 60-120 HST.Bobot buah, jumlah buah terpanen dan hasil kapas berbiji diamati saatpanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan populasi tanam-an menurunkan jumlah cabang generatif, jumlah buah dan bobot buah pertanaman. Semua galur okra yang dicoba pada sistem tanam rapat rata-ratahanya meningkatkan hasil kapas berbiji 2,12% dibanding pada populasinormal. Rata-rata hasil kapas berbiji galur okra pada populasi rapat adalah2.315,8 kg/ha dan pada populasi normal 2.293,2 kg/ha. Selanjutnya hasilkapas berbiji berdaun normal Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13 pada populasirapat masing-masing 2.159 dan 2.179 kg/ha dan pada populasi normal1.983 kg/ha dan 2.525 kg/ha. Galur okra 98040/3 dan 98048/2 menghasil-kan produksi tertinggi pada populasi rapat (masing-masing 2.640 kg/hadan 2.627 kg/ha) dan pada populasi normal (2.688 kg/ha dan 2.807 kg/ha).Kedua galur okra tersebut mempunyai potensi hasil yang lebih tinggidibanding kapas berdaun normal (Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13) baik padapopulasi rapat maupun populasi normal.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tanam rapat, daun okraABSTRACTSuitability of Cotton Lines with Okra Leaves UnderNarrow Interrow SpacingOkra leaf cotton crop may have a potential increase in the seedcotton yield under narrow inter row spacing. Okra leaf cotton lines weretested in relative performance under high interrow spacing. The field trialwas conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, EastJava from February to July 2007. Okra leaf cotton lines were planted asmonocrop with plant spacing of 100 cm between rows and 10 cm withinrows (100,000 plants/ha). Experiment was arranged in a randomized blockdesign with three replicates. In addition, one plot was allocated formonocrop with normal inter row spacing (100 cm between rows and 25 cmwithin rows; 40,000 plants/ha). Fourteen selected cotton lines consistingof 12 lines with okra leaf and 2 varieties (Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13) withnormal leaf as check varieties were tested. Cotton plant height, canopywidth, number of fruiting branches, and boll/plant were measured monthlyfrom 60-120 dap. Boll weight, number of harvested bolls, and seed cottonyield were counted at harvesting. Results showed that increased plantdensity resulted in reduced fruiting branches, boll count, and boll weight.The okra leaf cotton under high crop density system showed a yieldincrease by 2.12% compared to normal spacing. Average seed cotton yieldunder narrow interrow spacing was 2,315.8 kg/ha and the average yieldunder normal interrow spacing was 2,293.2 kg/ha. Okra lines cotton98040/3 and 98048/2 showed the highest yield under narrow interrowspacing (2,640 and 2,627 kg/ha) and under normal interrow spacing (2,688kg/ha dan 2,807 kg/ha). Both lines offered higher yield than those withnormal leaf under high interrow spacing and normal population.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., high interrow spacing, okra lea
PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SETEK RIMPANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.)
No full textArrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) is usually propagated through young tillers or rhizome cuttings. A glass house and field tials were carried out at the Cimanggu Expeimental Insulation of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC), to assess 0k efect of rhizome patition and number of nodes of each parts on the viability of rhizomes, growth, productivity and starch content of arrowroot A clone of arrowroot (No. 17) collected from RISMC was used. One, two, three or four nodes of rhizomes cut at the base, middle or tip were used. A preliminary study was conducted in glass house from August to September 1999, where 40 samples of rhizomes were tested for their viability. Further study was conducted in the field from October 1999 to April 2000, to assess the growth, productivity and starch content of the rhizome from each treatment. The ield experiment was designed as a randomized block, arranged factorially in three replicates. The first factor was rhizome part (base, middle or tip) snd the second one was number of nodes (one, two, three or four nodes). Results showed that the highest percentage of plant growth, and seedling vigor of one month old were obtained from Uic four nodes tip rhizome cutting. At 6.5 month after planting the highest significant yield of resh rhizome was obtained from both base and middle parts rhizome cutting (324.04 and 326.46 g/hill), while the tip curling only produced 240.0 g/hill. The highest starch yield was obtained from the treatments of both the base and middle parts rhizome cutting i.e. 52.51 and 61.25 g/hill, while the tip cutting produced 47.19 g/hill. There was no interaction efect between the irst and the second factors on fresh rhizome yield. Highest signiicant fresh rhizome yield can also be obtained by using more than one node (320.96 - 337.69 g/hill), while a node cuting gave 198.65 g/hill only. Using base and middle rhizome cutting with 3 nodes gave the effective and eficient result, since it gave higher yield of the resh rhizome starch (70.38 and 72.41 g/hill)
PARASITASI Aphanomerus sp. PADA WERENG PUCUK JAMBU MENTE Sanurus indecora JACOBI
No full textPenelitian lenlang pcranan parasitoid Aphanomerus sp. (Platygasleridac. Hymenoplera) terhadap telur wcreng pucuk jambu mente Sanurus indecora Jacobi telah dilaksanakan di Desa I.ckok Rangan, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tcnggara Barat, pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktobcr 2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mcngidenliikasi parasitoid yang keluar dari telur ,S' indecora. evaluasi pcranan parasitoid tersebut terhadap kelompok telur S indecora di lapangan dan terhadap telur yang belum tcrparasit di laboratorium Lima contoh lanaman dipilih untuk mengumpulkan kelompok telur. masing-masing 60 kelompok telur liap tanaman, sedangkan untuk parasilasinya di laboratorium digunakan 10 kelompok telur 2 ulangan dengan total telur setiap ulangan sebanyak 704 butir dan 876 butir Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid tersebut berasal dari genus Aphanomerus dan tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp terhadap kelompok S. indecora di lapangan rata-rata 93.2%, sedangkan terhadap telumya di laboratorium mencapai 83% dan 77.2%.Kata kunci : Sanurus indecora. Aphanomerus sp.. Anacardium occidentale. parasitoid lelur ABSTRACTParasitoid of Aphonomcrus sp. on the insect pest of cashew leaves Sanurus indecora JacobiShoot sucking insect research on the parasitoid of Aphanomerus sp. (Platygastcridae, Hymenoplera) on Ihe eggs of insect pesl of cashew plant Sanurus indecora Jacobi was conducted in Lekok Rangan Village, Kayangan Subdistrict, lombok Barat Distict, West Nusa Tcnggara Province, in August lo October 2001 Ihe objective of the research were to identity (he parxsitoid mat came ou( from the eggs of S. indecora, to evaluate he role of Ore parasitoid on the eggs mass of S. indecora in the field and on (he eggs in (he lab (hat had not been parasitized. Five sample plants chosen to collect the eggs mass each plant 60 eggs mass While for the parasitized in (he lab used 10 eggs mass wi(h (he (o(al 704 eggs and 876 eggs. The results of (he research mdicaled (hat the parasitoid came from genus Aphanomerus, and the level of parasitized of Aphanomerus sp. on Sanurus indecora was 93 2% al the average, while on its eggs in the lab was 83% and 77 2%.Keywords Sanurus indecora, Aphanomerus sp. Anacardium occidentale. egg parasitoi