Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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KERAGAMAN GENETIKA VARIAN ABAKA YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN ETHYLMETHANE SULPHONATE (EMS)
Get PDFABSTRAKMutasi in vitro dengan perlakuan mutagen dapat digunakan untukmeningkatkan keragaman genetika abaka melalui keragaman somaklonal.Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk: (1) menentukan konsentrasioptimum EMS untuk induksi keragaman somaklonal dalam kultur kalusembriogen abaka, (2) meregenerasikan bibit abaka varian dari kalusembriogen yang diberi perlakuan EMS, dan (3) mengevaluasi tipe danfrekuensi keragaman karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif di antara populasitanaman mutan abaka yang diperoleh dari regenerasi kalus embriogenyang diberi perlakuan EMS. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Agustus2003 sampai Agustus 2006 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan KebunPercobaan Karangploso, Malang pada Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat, Malang (Balittas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa 0,6% EMS merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena padakonsentrasi tersebut diperoleh keragaman somaklonal paling banyak.Varian yang diperoleh menunjukkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatifabnormal. Tipe varian tersebut umumnya bersifat negatif dan kurangmenguntungkan dibandingkan dengan populasi standar. Tipe dan frekuensikeragaman kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada klon Tangongon berbeda denganklon Sangihe-1, mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh genotipe terhadapkeragaman somaklonal. Varian dari abaka klon Tangongon denganproduksi serat tertinggi (161,0 g dan 154,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dariperlakuan EMS 0,3% (T1 28.1.1 dan T1 11.2.2), sedangkan dari klonSangihe-1, hasil serat tertinggi (35,0 g dan 40,0 g/tanaman) diperoleh dariperlakuan EMS 0,6% (S4 28.1.0 dan S4 56.2.0). Produktivitas tersebutlebih rendah dibandingkan dengan produksi serat tanaman kontrol klonTangongon (193,0 g/tanaman) dan Sangihe-1 (70 g/tanaman).Kata kunci : Abaka, Musa textilis, keragaman somaklonal, EMS, muta-genesis, in vitro, hasil, Jawa TimurABSTRACTGenetic Variability of Abaca Variants Induced byEthylmethane Sulphonate (EMS)In vitro mutation with mutagen treatment can be used to increasethe genetic variability of abaca by inducing somaclonal variation. Theobjectives of the experiments were to (1) determine optimum concen-tration of EMS to induce abaca somaclonal variation, (2) produce abacalines from EMS treated embryogenic calli and evaluate their performancein the field, and (3) evaluate type and frequency of qualitative andquantitative variant characters among regenerated abaca lines. Thisexperiment was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory and KarangplosoExperiment Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops ResearchInstitute (ItoFCRI) Malang from August 2003 to August 2006. The resultsshowed that EMS treatment on abaca embryogenic calli induced variation,and the optimum EMS concentration was 0.6%. The variants exhibited anumber of abnormal qualitative and quantitative characters which weregenerally negative characters since they showed lower value as comparedto control population. The presence of different types of qualitative andquantitative variant characters was genotype dependent. Variants fromabaca clone Tangongon having the highest fibre yield (161.0 g and 154.0g/plant) were obtained from 0.3% EMS treatment (T1 28.1.1 and T1 11.2.2variants). While variants from abaca clone Sangihe-1 having the highestfibre yield (35.0 g and 40.0 g/plant) were obtained from 0.6% EMStreatment (S4 28.1.0 and S4 56.2.0 variants). The fibre yield of controlclones, Tangongon and Sangihe-1, were 193.0 g and 70 g/plant,respectively.Key words: Abaca, Musa textilis, induced mutation, somaclonalvariation, field evaluation, yield, East Jav
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI BUNGA, DAN ANALISIS USAHA TANI ROSELA MERAH
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai jarak tanam dan pemupukan untuk tanamanrosela merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) belum banyak dilakukan.Suatu penelitian, yang dilakukan di Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen,Kabupaten Kediri pada tahun 2010, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jaraktanam dan dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan sertaproduksi kelopak bunga rosela merah dan analisis usaha tani. Perlakuandisusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 3 ulangan.Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 3 ukuran jarak tanam yang terdiri atas 1) 80x 50 cm; 2) 100 x 50 cm; dan 3) 120 x 50 cm; dan sebagai faktor keduaadalah 5 dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang terdiri atas a) 30 kg NPK/ha; b)37,50 kg NPK/ha; c) 45 kg NPK/ha; d) 52,50 kg NPK/ha; dan e) 60 kgNPK/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara jaraktanam (100 x 50 cm) dengan dosis pupuk (45 kg NPK/ha) yangmemberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif,jumlah buah, bobot kelopak bunga berbiji, bobot biji, bobot basah kelopakbunga tanpa biji, dan bobot kelopak bunga kering maksimal, masing-masing sebesar 186,63 cm; 16,33 cabang; 117,00 buah; 41,33 kg/petak;16,17 kg/petak; 26,67 kg/petak; dan 2,35 kg/petak (652,75 kg/ha). Usahatani rosela merah memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 10.420.000/hadengan B/C = 1,49. Harga pokok kelopak bunga kering sebesarRp13.031/kg lebih kecil dibanding harga pasar (Rp 40.000/kg), dan dapatdijamin tidak akan terjadi kerugian bagi petaniKata kunci : Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, jarak tanam, pupuk NPKmajemuk, pertumbuhan, produksiABSTRACTThere has been no research program on plant spacing and fertilization onred roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) up to 2010. A studyconducted in Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen, Kediri in 2010, aimed atgetting appropriate plant spacing and NPK compound fertilizer dosage forgrowth and calyx production of red roselle, as well as its farm analysis.The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design withthree replicates. As the first factor were 3 dimensions of plant spacingconsisting of 1) 80 x 50, 2) 100 x 50, and 3) 120 x 50 cm, and the secondfactor were 5 doses of NPK compound fertilizer consisting of a) 30, b)37.50, c) 45, d) 52.50, and e) 60 kg NPK/ha. The results showed that therewas an interaction between plant spacing (100 x 50 cm) with fertilizerdosage (45 kg NPK/ha), which resulted in plant height, number ofproductive branches, number of fruits, weight calyx with seed, seedweight, fresh weight of seedless calyx, and maximum dry weight of calyx,each amounting to 186.63 cm; 16.33 branches; 117.00 fruits; 41.33kg/plot; 16.17 kg/plot; 26.67 kg/plot; and 2.35 kg/plot (652.75 kg/ha),respectively. Red roselle farm provided a gain of Rp10,420,000/ha with aB/C of 1.49. Production cost of dried calyx was Rp13,031/kg, lower thanmarket price (Rp 40,000/kg), and was guaranteed to be no loss to farmers.Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, plant spacing, NPKcompound fertilizer, growth, productio
PRAKIRAAN HARGA AKARWANGI: APLIKASI METODE JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN
Get PDFABSTRAKPrakiraan harga terna akarwangi dan harga minyak akarwangi telahdilakukan dengan menggunakan metode jaringan syaraf tiruan. Memakaidata harga dari Januari 2000 sampai Agustus 2006 dilakukan prakiraanharga untuk 24 bulan kedepan. Prakiraan terbaik dengan Mse pelatihandan Mse testing yang rendah didapat pada kombinasi fungsi aktivasi layartersembunyi sigmoid biner dan fungsi aktivasi output sigmoid bipolardengan rentang data transformasi (0,1) untuk prakiraan harga ternaakarwangi. Sedangkan untuk prakiraan harga minyak akarwangi didapatpada fungsi aktivasi layar tersembunyi sigmoid bipolar dan fungsi aktivasioutput sigmoid biner dengan rentang data (0,1). Hasil prakiraan hargamenunjukkan harga rata-rata terna akarwangi dan harga rata-rata minyakakarwangi untuk tahun 2007 dan 2008 masih di atas harga titik impasusahatani maupun usaha agroindustri minyak akarwangi.Kata kunci : Akarwangi, Vetiveria zizanioides L., harga, prakiraan,jaringan syaraf tiruan, Jawa BaratABSTRACTVetiver oil prices forecasting with artificial neuralnetwork methodVetiver and vetiver oil prices forecasting with artificial neuralnetwork method has been done. Time series data from January 2000 toAugust 2006 was used to forecast the prices for 24 months ahead. The bestresult for forecasting of vetiver prices was gotten using sigmoid binaryactivation in hidden layer, sigmoid bipolar activation in output layer andtransformation data spread (0,1). The best result for forecasting of vetiveroil prices was gotten using sigmoid bipolar activation in hidden layer,sigmoid binary activation in output layer and transformation data spread(0,1). The result shows that the average forecasting prices of vetiver andvetiver oil in 2007 and 2008 higher than the prices needed for vetiverfarming and vetiver oil agroindustry to reach break event point.Key words: Vetiveria zizanioides L., prices, forecasting, artificial neuralnetwork, West Ja
KRITERIA PENANDA SELEKSI PRODUKTIVITAS TERNA DAN ASIATIKOSIDA PADA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)
Get PDFABSTRAKKeberhasilan seleksi produktivitas terna dan produktivitasasiatikosida yang tinggi ditentukan oleh kriteria seleksi yang sesuai. Adabeberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mencari kriteria seleksi,salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan memanfaatkan analisis lintas (Pathanalysis). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola hubungan antarkomponen pertumbuhan dengan produksi terna dan produksi asiatikosidaberdasarkan nilai korelasi, pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung, sertanilai heritabilitas pada 16 nomor koleksi plasma nutfah pegagan. Penelitiandilakukan di KP. Cimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik(BALITTRO) antara bulan Juli-November 2007, dengan menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang diulang 2 kali. Intensitas cahayayang digunakan 75%. Komponen pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputijumlah, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun; jumlah, panjang, lebar, luas,dan tebal daun; serta jumlah sulur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapeubah panjang dan diameter tangkai daun; serta panjang, lebar, luas, dantebal daun berkorelasi positif sangat nyata terhadap produksi terna.Berdasarkan analisis lintas, panjang, dan diameter tangkai daun, panjang,lebar, luas, dan tebal daun berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap produksiterna melalui peubah lainnya. Seleksi terhadap produksi terna secara tidaklangsung dapat dilakukan melalui seleksi panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun, dan panjang, lebar, luas, serta tebal daun. Seleksi genotipe pegagandengan produksi terna yang tinggi melalui panjang dan diameter tangkaidaun; dan panjang, lebar; serta luas daun lebih efektif dibandingkandengan melalui tebal daun karena kelima peubah tersebut mempunyai nilaiheritabilitas yang tinggi. Panjang tangkai daun, luas dan tebal daun, sertajumlah sulur mempunyai korelasi positif nyata dan sangat nyata denganproduksi asiatikosida. Luas daun dan jumlah sulur berpengaruh tidaklangsung terhadap produksi asiatikosida melalui peubah lainnya. Panjangtangkai daun dan tebal daun secara langsung berperan dalam menentukanproduksi asiatikosida. Seleksi produktivitas asiatikosida yang tinggimelalui peubah panjang tangkai daun akan memberikan respon yang lebihcepat karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi.Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, terna, asiatikosida, analisislintas, heritabilitasABSTRACTCriterion of Marker Selection of Fresh Shoot andAsiaticoside Productivity of Asiatic Pennywort (Centellaasiatica (L.) Urban)Selection of asiatic pennywort for high fresh shoot and asiaticosideproduction is determined by using appropriate selection criterion. Thereare several methods that can be applied, one among those is using the pathanalysis. The research was aimed to study the correlation analysis betweengrowth and production variables, direct and indirect effects, and theheritability of sixteen accessions. The experiment was conducted atCimanggu Experimental Station of Indonesian Medicinal and AromaticCrops Research Institute (ISMECRI) Bogor, Indonesia from July untilNovember 2007. The research was arranged using randomized completeblock design (RCBD) with two replications. Sixteen accessions and 75%light intensity were used. The growth components observed were number,length, and diameter of leaf petiole; number, length, width, area, andthickness of leaf; and number of stolon. The results showed that leafpetiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknesspositively and significantly correlated with fresh shoot production. Theleaf petiole length and diameter, leaf length, width, area, and thicknessindirectly affected fresh shoot production through other variables. The leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, area, and thickness couldbe indirectly selected as fresh shoot production variables. Selection ofasiatic pennywort genotype with high fresh shoot production through leafpetiole length and diameter; leaf length, width, and area were moreeffective compared to through leaf thickness, because the five variableshave high heritability values. Correlations between leaf petiole length, leafarea and thickness, and number of stolon with asiaticoside production werepositive and significant. The leaf area and number of stolon indirectlyaffected asiaticoside production through other variables. The length andthe thickness of leaf directly influenced the asiaticoside production. Leafpetiole length, which has high heritability value, can be used as variable toselect high asiaticoside production of asiatic pennywort.Key words : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, shoot production, asiaticoside,path analysis, heritabilit
FENOLOGI PEMBUNGAAN DAN KELIMPAHAN POPULASI KEPIK Diconocoris hewetti (DIST.) (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE) PADA PERTANAMAN LADA
Get PDFABSTRAKKepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia.Hama ini selalu hadir pada perbungaan lada dan bulir bunga lada denganjalan mengisap cairan bunga sebelum menjadi buah. Serangan nimfa danimago pada bunga dan bulir bunga akan mengakibatkan perubahan warnabunga dari hijau kekuningan menjadi cokelat atau hitam. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui fenologi pembungaan, kelimpahan populasiKRL, dan tingkat kerusakan bunga pada pertanaman lada. Kelimpahan danfenologi pembungaan lada menentukan kelimpahan populasi KRL.Penelitian dilakukan di kebun petani, di Desa Air Anyir, KecamatanMerawang, Kabupaten Bangka Induk, dari Mei 2003 sampai dengan Mei2004, dan di Desa Puput, Kecamatan Simpang Katis Kabupaten BangkaTengah, dari Oktober 2003 sampai dengan Mei 2004. Luas lahanpercobaan masing-masing sekitar 5000 m 2 yang sudah ditanami ladavarietas Chunuk di Air Anyir dan varietas Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL) diPuput. Umur tanaman masing-masing sekitar 5 tahun. Jumlah pohoncontoh di setiap lokasi 24 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggudengan cara menghitung langsung KRL yang ada pada bulir bunga, sertabanyaknya bunga yang terserang. Pada percobaan lainnya dilakukanpengamatan terhadap perkembangan bulir bunga serta tingkat keguguranfisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pembungaan ladavarietas Chunuk dan LDL mengikuti pola curah hujan. Rataan banyaknyabulir bunga berkisar antara 2,63-120,59 tandan per pohon pada varietasChunuk, sedangkan pada varietas LDL antara 4,79-153,84 tandan perpohon. Masa perkembangan bulir bunga fase-1 berlangsung 16,6 hari,fase-2 berlangsung 7,6 hari, dan fase-3 berlangsung 6,4 hari. Tidaksemua bulir bunga dan buah muda berhasil menjadi buah siap dipanen(23,14% pada Chunuk mengalami keguguran fisiologis). Keguguranpaling banyak terjadi pada bulir bunga yang berumur 4-5 minggu(17,62%). Rataan kelimpahan kepik renda lebih tinggi (0,042-1,375ekor/pohon) pada varietas LDL dibandingkan pada varietas Chunuk(0,042-0,333 ekor/pohon), terutama selama periode November hinggaApril. Perkembangan populasi kepik renda pada varietas LDL meningkat(1,375 ekor/pohon) selama bulan November hingga Februari, berhubungandengan banyaknya bulir bunga yang tersedia pada periode tersebut.Berdasarkan nisbah ragam terhadap rataan (s 2 /m), populasi kepik D.hewetti umumnya memperlihatkan pola sebaran acak, sedangkan pada saatpopulasi tinggi (1,375 ekor/pohon) memperlihatkan pola sebaranbergerombol. Persentase bulir bunga terserang pada varietas Chunukberkisar antara 0,06-3,85%, sedangkan pada varietas LDL berkisar antara0,34-17,72%. Terdapat hubungan linear varietas Chunuk dan LDL (r =0,87 dan 0,78) yang nyata antara kelimpahan populasi D. hewetti dankerusakan bunga. Varietas LDL lebih rentan dibandingkan dengan varietasChunuk. Pengendalian KRL dapat dilakukan pada awal pembentukanbunga yaitu sejak November.Kata kunci: Lada, Piper nigrum L., hama, kepik renda lada, Diconocorishewetti (Dist.), kerusakan bunga, kelimpahan populasi,Bangka BelitungABSTRACTFlowering phenology and population abundance ofpepper lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae) on pepper plantationPepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera :Tingidae) is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia. Thisinsect pest always presents and causes damage to the spikes of pepperinflorescence. The research was conducted to study the floweringphenology of Chunuk and LDL varieties and population abundance ofPLB on pepper plantation. The abundance and inflorescence phenology ofpepper determined PLB abundance. The research was conducted in farmerfields in Air Anyir Village, Sub District of Merawang from May 2003 toMay 2004 and Puput Village, Sub District of Simpang Katis, BangkaIslands, from October 2003 to May 2004. The acreage of the experimentwas about 5000 m 2 for each location with 5 years old of Chunuk and LDLvarieties in Air Anyir and Puput, respectively. Number of plant sampleswere 24 plants for each location. Observation were done every week, forthe population of PLB, the spike and flower damage. Another experimentwas done to study the develop-ment stage of inflorescence and floral lossphysiology. The result indicated that flowering phenology of Chunuk andLDL varieties followed the rainfall pattern. The mean number of spike onChunuk variety varied between 2.63 – 120.59, while that on LDL varietywere 4.79 – 153.84 spikes per tree. The developments period of spikeswere 16.6; 7.6 and 6.4 days for stages 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Not all thespikes became young berries and could be harvested, since there were23.14% inflorescence of the Chunuk variety floral loss naturally. Floralloss occurred mostly when the spikes were 4-5 weeks old (17.62%). Themean number of lace bug density was higher on LDL(0.042-1.375bug/tree) than on Chunuk (0.042-0.333 bugs/tree), especially duringNovember until April. D. hewetti population increased during November-February (1.375 bugs/tree), and it was related to the increase in spikesduring that time. Based on variance-mean ratio (S 2 /m), D. hewettipopulation generally showed a random distribution, but a clumpeddistribution when population density increased (1.375 bugs/tree). Thepercentage of inflorescence damage was between 0.06-3.85% on Chunuk,while on LDL was 0.34-17.2%. There is a linear correlation between PLBand spike damage (r = 0.87 and 0.78 on Chunuk and LDL respectively).LDL variety was more susceptible than Chunuk variety. The study impliesthat controlling PLB has to be done on the beginning of inflorescence inNovember.Key words: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., insect pest, pepper lace bug,Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.), spike damage, populationabundance, Bangka Belitun
PELACAKAN TETUA POPULASI KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET No.32 (DMT-32) MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS ALIRAN GEN (Gene Flow) BERDASARKAN PENANDA MIKROSATELIT (SSR)
Get PDFABSTRAKKelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) merupakan salah satu kelapadalam unggul produksi dan kadar minyak serta protein yang baik.Beberapa populasi generasi DMT telah diseleksi selama tahun 1957 –1979 menghasilkan populasi DMT 32. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmelacak tetua melalui aliran gen dalam beberapa generasi populasi kelapaDMT-32 hasil penyerbukan campuran polen, pada taraf DNA berdasarkanpenanda mikrosatelit (SSR). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah populasi hasil penyerbukan kelapa DMT-32 generasikedua (DMT-32 S2), populasi DMT-32 generasi ketiga (DMT-32 S3), danpopulasi DMT-32 generasi keempat (DMT-32 S4) berturut-turut sebanyak9, 40, dan 38 pohon. Analisis hubungan tetua dengan zuriatnya meng-gunakan program komputer CERVUS ver. 2.0. Jumlah primer SSR yangdigunakan sebanyak 19 primer dan 15 di antaranya dapat digunakan untukmelacak tetua dari individu-individu kelapa DMT-32 S3 dan DMT-32 S4.Semua individu DMT-32 S2 menjadi tetua dari individu-individu DMT-32S3, tetapi tidak semua individu DMT-32 S3 menjadi tetua dari DMT-32S4. Hasil pelacakan tetua menunjukkan bahwa 2 pohon DMT-32 S3 yangbenar-benar hasil penyerbukan hasil zigot polen sendiri dari satu pohonkelapa DMT-32 S2 No.8, dan 1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S2 No.3. PadaDMT-32 S4 ada 2 individu pohon yang benar-benar merupakan hasilpenyerbukan zigot polen sendiri pohon DMT-32 S3 No.28, masing-masing1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S3 No.32 dan DMT-32 S3 No.35. DMT-32S2 No.1 merupakan tetua dari 8 individu DMT-32 S3, dan lima darizuriatnya adalah tetua dari 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2adalah tetua dari 9 individu DMT-32 S3 dan empat nomor di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 14 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 merupakantetua dari 11 individu DMT-32 S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 memiliki 5zuriat dan dua nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 merupakan tetua dari 10 pohon DMT-32S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 24 pohonDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 adalah tetua dari 4 zuriat DMT-32 S3 danhanya satu nomor pohon yang menjadi tetua dari 4 individu pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 merupakan tetua dari 10 zuriat pohon DMT-32S3, lima di antaranya merupakan tetua dari 20 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 memiliki 12 zuriat DMT-32 S3, dan empat di antaranyaadalah tetua dari 15 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 nomor 9 merupakantetua dari 7 pohon DMT-32 S3, dan empat diantaranya adalah tetua dari17 pohon DMT-32 S4.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT 32),mikrosatelit, SSR, pelacakan tetuaABSTRACTParentage analysis of Mapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32)population via gene flow based on Microsatellite Markers (SSR)Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT) is one of the superior coconut for itsproduction, coconut oil and protein. Several generation of the DMTpopulation has been selected in 1957 – 1979 producing DMT 32generations. The aim of this research was to analyze the parents ofMapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32) in DNA level via gene flowbased on microsatellite markers (SSR). Plant materials used in thisresearch were nine (9) palms of DMT-32 S2, 40 palms of DMT-32 S3 and38 palms of DMT-32 S4. Relationship between parents and progeny wereanalyzed by using CERVUS ver. 2.0 computer program. Among 19 SSRprimers used, 15 of them can be used in parentage analysis of MapangetTall Coconut No.32 of third and fourth generations. All of 9 (nine) palmsof DMT-32 S2 are the parents of DMT-32 S3, but some of those palms ofDMT-32 S3 are not the parents of DMT-32 S4. The result of parentageanalysis showed that two palms of DMT-32 S3 were progeny of selfedDMT-32 S2 No.8, and one palm was progeny of selfed DMT-32 S2 No.3.In DMT-32 S4 there were two palms progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.28 andone palm was progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.32 and DMT-32 S3 No.35respectively. DMT-32 S2 No.1 had 8 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five ofthose were the parents of 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2 had9 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 14 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 had11 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 had 5progeny in DMT-32 S3 and two of those were the parents of 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 24 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 had 4progeny in DMT-32 S3 and only one was the parent of 4 individu DMT-32S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five of thosewere the parents of 20 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 had 12progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 15 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.9 had 7 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four ofthose were the parents of 17 individu DMT-32 S4.Key words : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT-32),microsatellite, SSR, parentage analysi
PENGARUH PEMANGKASAN TANAMAN LADA DAN TAJARNYA TERHADAP HASIL
No full textThe effect of living post and pepper vines primings on the pepper yieldTo obtain good yield of pepper, farmers fequently apply various treatments to their crops, including pruning of the pepper vines and or their living post. Studies on the aspects of the pruning ae however very limited. Therefore a ield experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pruning of pepper vines and their living post on the pepper yield. The experiment was carried out at Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi. A split plot design with three rcplicaties was used. The main plot was the pruning of living post, and the sub plot was the pruning of pepper vines Plot size was 20 plants per plol wilh spacing of 2.5 m x 2.5 m Results showed that there was signiicant interaction between the pruning of living post and pepper vines. The pruning of living post may be carried out either 3 times (October, January and April) or twice (October and January) a year. However. If the pruning of the living post is carried out 3 times per year, Ihe vine would be pruned once a year or not at all. On the other hand, if the pruning of living post is carried out twice a year, the pepper vines would be pruned 6 times a year
PENGARUH IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA (60Co) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE PUTIH KECIL (Zingiber officinale var.a ma rum)
No full textABSTRAKKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah jahe rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman, antara lain dengan iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis iradiasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi jahe putih kecil. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta Kebun Percobaan Cicurug, Sukabumi pada bulan Juni 2010 sampai dengan Mei 2011. Iradiasi dilakukan di P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan petak utama dua aksesi jahe putih kecil ZIOF 0048 dan HALINA 1 dan anak petak adalah 11 dosis iradiasi (0-50 Gy) dengan interval 5 Gy. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi berpengaruh terhadap radiosensitivitas. Aksesi HALINA 1 lebih sensitif dibandingkan dengan ZIOF 0048 ditunjukkan dengan nilai LD50 HALINA 1 (11,07 Gy) lebih rendah dari LD50 ZIOF 0048 (13,43 Gy). Interaksi aksesi pada dosis 5 dan 10 Gy memiliki nilai terbaik pada tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun serta jumlah anakan. Dosis mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, ukuran daun, diameter dan panjang batang, serta jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan tanaman semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur tanaman. Namun, semakin tinggi dosis iradiasi, pertumbuhan tanaman semakin melambat. Pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik diperoleh pada dosis 5 Gy, dan tidak berbeda dengan kontrol. Bobot dan ukuran rimpang terbaik (964 g/rumpun) diperoleh dari HALINA 1 pada dosis 10 Gy, dan berbeda dengan kontrol (454 g/rumpun), serta perlakuan lainnya.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, iradiasi sinar gamma (60Co), keragaman genetik, mutasi, karakter morfologi. The Effect of Gamma Irradiation (60Co) on the Growth and Production of Small White Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum)ABSTRACTGenetic variability of ginger germplasm was low, therefore it was necessary to broaden genetic variability using gamma irradiation. This research aimed to see the effect of irradiation on the growth of small white ginger. This study was conducted in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute and the Cicurug Experimental Garden Sukabumi from June 2010 to May 2011. Irradiation was undertaken in P3TIR, BATAN, Jakarta. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with the main plot was two accessions HALINA 1 and ZIOF 00 48, and the sub plots was 11 irradiation doses (0-50 Gy) with 5 Gy interval. The experiment was replicated three times. Parameters observed were quantitative and qualitative characters at 2,3 and 4 months after planting (MAPs). Results showed that accession influenced radiosensitivity. Accession HALINA 1 was more radiosensitive than ZIOF 0048, indicated by LD50 of HALINA 1 was 11.0693 Gy, lower than ZIOF 0048 13.4254 Gy. Interaction between accessions at 5 and 10 Gy showed the highest plant height, leaf size, and number of shoots. Irradiation dose affected plant height, leaf size, stem diameter and length, and number of leaf. The plant growth increased in conjunction with plant age, but the higher irradiation dose, the growth of plants slowed down. The best plant growth was obtained from 5 Gy, not different from control. The highest rhizome weight (964 g/plant) was obtained from HALINA 1 treated with 10 Gy, differ from control (545 g/plant) and the other treatments.Keywords: Zingiber officinale var. amarum, gamma irradiation (60Co), genetic variability, mutation, morphological characters
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET NOMOR 32 HASIL PENYERBUKAN SENDIRI BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD
No full textGenetic variability of selfing Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 based on RAPD markerThe objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of seling Mapanget Tall coconut No. 32 used RAPD marker. Ihe method of morphology, fruit component and isozymc analyses could not explain the homozygote level of the offspring and his parents. The DNA analysis was done at Plant Biology Laboratory, PAU, Life Science IPB, and the coconut leaflets samples were collected from Kima Atas Research Instalation, Research Institute for Coconut and Palmae, Manado. This research the study was conducted from November 1999 to Fcbruay 2000. Coconut materials analyzed were DMT 32-OP, DMT 32-S2, DM 1 32-S3 andDMT32-S4. DMT 32-S2 was the offsprings of the selfcd DMT 32- SI coconut seling. and the DMT 32-SI came from the sclfed of DMT 32-OP. Then selfcd DMT 32-S2 produced were found the DMT 32-S3. and selfcd of DMT 32-S3 produced the progeny of DMT 32-S4. DNA was isolated using the method of ROHDE et at (1995), while DNA quantity and quality was using the method of SAMBROOK et al (1989). Then the DNA was ampliied using 10 random primer 10 mer and PCR apparatus of 2.400 Perkin-Elmer System. Ater thai the DNA was elcctrophorated, and photographed using Polaroid 667 ilm, then ihe biner data matrix of each coconut population was calculated lor Ilic number of monomorphism banding was found in DMT 32-S2. Ihe genetic similarity between DMT 32-S3 and DMT 32-S3 was the mosl similar at genetic distance of 90%. DMT 32-S3 resulted from self pollination can be recommended as parent material for hybridization
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PUPUK KS, ZA, DAN UREA, SERTA DOSIS N TERHADAP MUTU TEMBAKAU BESUKI NO
No full textEffect of KS, AS, and urea Compositions and N-dosages on quality of Besuki cigar tobaccoThe experiment was conducted on loamy soil at Ajung, Jember from June 1999 to March 2000. The objective was to study the effect of Kalk Salpetcr (KS), ammonium sulphates (AS), and urea compositions and N-dosages on quality of Besuki cigar tobacco. The treatment consisted of two factors i.e. fertilizer composition and N dosages. The first factor was 5 levels of fertilizer composition, i.e. KS; KS(50%)+AS (50%); AS; KS(50%)+urea (50%) and uea. The second factor was 3 level of N-dosages, i.e. 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha. The treatments were arranged in factorially randomized block design with 3 replications. Planting space was double row (100+70) cm x 40 cm wiUi a population of 168 plants per plot. Results showed thai AS or urea as side dressing fertilizer was not significantly different from KS fertilizer on the percentage of warpper (dekblad) and binder (omblad) quality, leaf thickness, and burning capacity. But especially on organolcptic AS or urea as side dressing fertilizer decreased organoleptic quality, i.e. the taste was bitter and irritating, less aromatic, bad smell, ash color changed from white to black, and decreased ash resistance. All of those characteristics were not desirable in cigar factory. Based on organolcptic quality we suggest the following : (I) AS and urea should be used as a starter only not as side dressing fertilizer, (2) KS fertilizer still perform Ihe best result (3) recommended N-dosage was 60 kg N/ha