Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Kemiri Sunan Population in East Nusa Tenggara Based on RAPD Markers
Get PDFGenetic diversity analysis is the first step to determine the level of genetic diversity of kemiri sunan accessions. High genetic diversity in generative propagated germplasm collection is a basic foundation to develop new high-yielding varieties. The research aimed to detect the genetic diversity of kemiri sunan population in NTT based on RAPD markers. The study was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory, Balittri, Sukabumi from May to July 2019. A total of 32 kemiri sunan accessions were obtained from a private plantation owned by PT BHLI in Bajawa, Flores, NTT analyzed its genetic diversity using 40 RAPD markers. Markers that produced polymorphic bands were scored in binary data format and were then used for genetic diversity analysis using the NTSYS program. Results showed that 11 RAPD markers were polymorphic and generated a total of 41 bands consisting of 32 polymorphic bands (78.05%) and 9 monomorphic bands (21.95%). The genetic diversity analysis with a genetic similarity value of 0.737 showed that the 32 kemiri sunan accessions were divided into 2 clusters. Among those, two accessions (T2 and T4) can be selected as candidates for new high-yielding varieties, because they are located in different groups and showed high per plant fruit number. The result of the study also obtained the genetic distance value between kemiri sunan accessions varies from 0.00 to 0.46. The combination of two kemiri sunan accessions with a high genetic distance value should be useful as parents to obtain F1 progeny with a high heterosis effect.Keywords: Accesion, genetic diversity, parental selection, RAPD marker, Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy ShawAbstrakANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK POPULASI KEMIRI SUNAN DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR BERDASARKAN MARKA RAPDAnalisis keragaman genetik merupakan langkah awal untuk mengetahui tingkat keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dari setiap aksesi kemiri sunan. Keragaman genetik yang tinggi pada koleksi plasma nutfah yang diperbanyak secara generatif merupakan modal dasar dalam upaya untuk merakit varietas unggul baru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keragaman genetik populasi kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) di Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) berdasarkan marka RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Terpadu, Balittri, Sukabumi mulai bulan Mei sampai Juli 2019. Sebanyak 32 aksesi kemiri sunan yang diperoleh dari perkebunan swasta milik PT BHLI di Bajawa, Flores, NTT, dianalisis keragaman genetiknya menggunakan 40 marka RAPD. Marka yang menghasilkan pita polimorphic diskoring dalam format data biner dan digunakan untuk analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan program NTSYS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 11 marka RAPD bersifat polimorfik dengan jumlah pita sebanyak 41 yang terdiri dari 32 pita polimorfik (78,05%) dan 9 pita monomorfik (21,95%). Sementara, hasil analisis keragaman genetik membagi 32 aksesi kemiri sunan menjadi 2 kelompok pada nilai kesamaan genetik 0,737. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh dua aksesi kemiri sunan (T2 dan T4) yang dapat dipilih sebagai kandidat varietas unggul baru, karena terdapat pada kelompok yang berbeda dan mempunyai jumlah buah yang banyak. Dari hasil penelitian juga diperoleh nilai jarak genetik antar aksesi kemiri sunan yang bervariasi, yaitu 0,00-0,46. Kombinasi dari dua aksesi kemiri sunan dengan nilai jarak genetik yang tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan untuk mendapatkan keturunan F1 yang lebih unggul.Kata kunci : Aksesi, keragaman genetik, marka RAPD, Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, seleksi tetu
The Effectiveness of Scarification Technique to Break Dormancy Kenaf Seed (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Get PDFThe kenaf seeds have a hard seed surface structure, seed trichomes, and attached hilum cap tightly that can inhibit the kenaf seed germination process and become one of the causes of physical dormancy. Physical dormancy can be broken by scarification techniques. There are three scarification techniques, namely mechanical, physical, and chemical scarification. This study aimed to determine which scarification techniques were effective against the breaking of kenaf seed dormancy. The research was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute in January-May 2019. The research method used a randomized block design consisting of seven scarification treatments with four replications. The treatment consists of mechanical treatment, water soaking treatment at 70ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 80ºC for 3 hours, water soaking treatment at 90ºC for 3 hours, H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes, H2SO4 98% soaking for 10 minutes and H2SO4 98% soaking for 15 minutes. The results showed that the scarification technique had a significant effect on increasing the viability of kenaf seeds. Scarification treatment with H2SO4 98% soaking for 5 minutes effectively broke the dormancy of kenaf seed. It could improve the germination of kenaf seeds up to 6%, reduce the number of seed trichomes, and effectively exfoliate the hilum cap. The study suggest that soaking the kenaf seeds in H2SO4 98% for 10 minutes could be adopted to break the seed dormancy to improve the germination.Keywords: dormancy, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, scarification, seed trichome ABSTRAKEFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK SKARIFIKASI UNTUK MEMATAHKAN DORMANSI BENIH KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)Benih kenaf memiliki struktur permukaan yang keras, trikoma, dan penutup hilum yang menempel kuat. Hal ini dapat menghambat proses perkecambahan benih kenaf dan menjadi salah satu penyebab dormansi fisik. Dormansi fisik dapat dipatahkan dengan teknik skarifikasi. Terdapat tiga teknik skarifikasi, yaitu skarifikasi mekanik, fisik, dan kimia. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui teknik skarifikasi yang efektif terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan skarifikasi benih kenaf dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perlakuan mekanik, perendaman air suhu 70ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 80ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman air suhu 90ºC selama 3 jam, perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 5 menit, perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 10 menit dan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 15 menit. Banyaknya benih tiap perlakuan adalah 400 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik skarifikasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pematahan dormansi benih kenaf. Perlakuan skarifikasi dengan perendaman H2SO4 98% selama 5 menit efektif mematahkan dormansi benih kenaf dan meningkatkan daya berkecambah benih kenaf hingga 6% dan mampu mereduksi jumlah trikoma benih dan efektif dalam pengelupasan hilum cap. Metode pematahan dormansi benih kenaf perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efektifitasnya.Kata kunci : dormansi, Hibiscus cannabinus, hilum cap, skarifikasi, trikoma beni
The effectiveness of kaffir lime leaf essential oil as a fumigant for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Get PDFPests are often a problem with stored post-harvest products. One of the pests that often attack post-harvest products in storage is Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The most common warehouse pest control effort is fumigation. Unwise and inappropriate application of fumigants can cause various negative impacts, such as pest resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative control strategies that are more environmentally friendly through essential oils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) essential oil as a botanical fumigant against T. castaneum that held at SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor. Kaffir lime leaf essential oil (KLLEO) is obtained by distillation. Tests in this study include the toxicity test of essential oils and essential oil fractions, resistance tests, and test the effect of essential oils on larval development. KLLEO n-hexane fraction caused high mortality of T. castaneum imago after 72 hours of fumigation. The LD95 KLLEO value in imago was 1.14 ml / l of air. MADJP also had high repellency activity against imago. The lowest dose of 0.03 ml/l air and the highest dose of 1.14 ml/l air showed a degree of 95.5 and 100% reliability, respectively, 6 hours after treatment. Chemical composition analysis using GCMS showed that citronella was the most dominant compound at 79.05%.Keywords: Citrus hystrix, fumigation, post-harvest pests AbstrakKEEFEKTIFAN MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT SEBAGAI FUMIGAN Tribolium castaneum (HERBST)Serangga hama seringkali menjadi masalah pada produk pascapanen yang disimpan. Salah satu hama yang sering menyerang produk pascapanen di gudang penyimpanan adalah Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Upaya pengendalian hama gudang yang paling umum dilakukan adalah dengan fumigasi. Aplikasi fumigan yang tidak bijaksana dan tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti terjadinya resistensi hama. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan strategi pengendalian alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan melalui penggunaan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) sebagai fumigan nabati terhadap T. castaneum yang dilaksanakan di SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor. Minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (MADJP) diperoleh melalui distilasi. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji toksisitas minyak atsiri dan fraksi minyak atsiri, uji repelensi, dan uji pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap perkembangan larva. Fraksi n-heksana MADJP menyebabkan kematian yang tinggi pada imago T. castaneum setelah 72 jam fumigasi. Nilai LD95 MADJP pada imago sebesar 1,14 ml/l udara. MADJP juga memiliki aktivitas repelensi yang tinggi terhadap imago. Dosis terendah 0,03 ml/l udara dan dosis tertinggi 1,14 ml/l udara menunjukkan derajat keandalan berturut-turut 95,5 dan 100% pada 6 jam setelah perlakuan. Analisis komposisi kimia menggunakan GCMS menunjukkan bahwa sitronela merupakan senyawa yang paling dominan sebesar 79,05%.Kata kunci : Citrus hystrix, fumigasi, hama pasca panen, sitronel
The Effectiveness of Melaleuca bracteata Oil Formula on Trapping of Fruit Fly Pests (Bactrocera spp.)
Get PDF Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) can cause yield losses of 30-40% of the horticultural product and even crop failure. One way to control is to use an attractant with the active ingredient methyl eugenol. The objective of the research was to identify the catching ability and the durability of the formula on trapping fruit flies. It was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021 in orchards in the Bogor area, designed in a randomized block with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of oils: (1) nutmeg, (2) cloves, (3) citronella, (4) palm, (5) melaleuca + nutmeg, (6) melaleuca + cloves, (7) melaleuca + citronella, (8 ) melaleuca + palm (1:1 ratio). As much as 1 ml of oil is dropped on a cotton swab in a trap bottle and hung on a fruit tree. Observations were made every 5 days by counting the number, type of flies, and sex of the flies trapped. It showed that nutmeg and clove oil were able to trap 5 and 7 fruit flies in the first 5 days, but subsequently no flies were trapped, while citronella and palm oil were unable to trap fruit flies. A mixture of melaleuca oil containing 84.86% methyl eugenol with nutmeg, citronella, and palm oil was able to trap fruit flies for about 3 months with a total catch of 2.479; 2.434; and 2.487, respectively, while the mixture of melaleuca+cloves was able to trap fruit flies for 4 months and was able to trap 2 female flies.Keywords: Attractant, Bactrocera spp., Melaleuca bracteata, methyl eugenol AbstrakEfektivitas Formula Minyak Melaleuca bracteata Terhadap Daya Tangkap Hama Lalat Buah (Bactrocera spp.)Lalat buah (Bactrocera spp) dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 30–40% pada produk hortikultura, bahkan gagal panen. Salah satu cara pengendaliannya adalah dengan menggunakan atraktan (pemikat) berbahan aktif metil eugenol (C11H14O2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tangkap dan daya tahan formula dalam memerangkap hama lalat buah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 sampai Maret 2021 di kebun buah-buahan (rambutan, jambu biji, dan jambu air) di Bogor, dengan rancangan acak kelompok 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari minyak : (1) pala, (2) cengkeh, (3) serai wangi, (4) sawit, (5) melaleuca + pala, (6) melaleuca + cengkeh, (7) melaleuca + serai wangi, (8) melaleuca + sawit (dengan perbandingan 1 :1). Sebanyak 1 ml minyak diteteskan pada kapas di dalam botol perangkap dan digantungkan pada pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari terhadap jumlah, jenis dan jenis kelamin lalat yang terperangkap. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minyak pala dan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah sebanyak 5 dan 7 ekor berturut-turut pada 5 hari pertama, namun selanjutnya tidak ada lalat yang terperangkap, sedangkan minyak serai wangi dan sawit tidak mampu memerangkap lalat buah. Campuran minyak melaleuca yang mengandung metil eugenol 84,86% dengan minyak pala, serai wangi dan sawit mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama sekitar 3 bulan dengan total tangkapan sebesar 2,479; 2,434; dan 2,487 ekor per perangkap berturut-turut, sedangkan campuran Melaleuca dengan cengkeh mampu memerangkap lalat buah selama 4 bulan dan mampu memerangkap 2 ekor lalat betina, walaupun dengan jumlah tangkapan yang lebih rendah (2,078 ekor) daripada perlakuan lain.Kata kunci : Atraktan, Bactrocera spp., Melaleuca bracteata, metil eugeno
PENGARUH DOSIS DAN CARA PELETAKAN PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KAYUMANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii ROBX)
Get PDFABSTRAKPenelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di Instalasi Kebun PercobaanLaing, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Solok, SumateraBarat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan 2004. Penelitian bertujuan untukmendapatkan dosis pupuk NPK dan cara peletakan pupuk terbaik untukpertumbuhan kayumanis. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (A) dosis pupukNPK yang terdiri atas 5 taraf; A1 = 15, A2 = 30 , A3 = 45, A4 = 60, danA5 = 75 g/ph/th.yang diberikan secara bertahap pada tahun ke-1, ke-2 danke-3, (B) daerah peletakan pupuk yang terdiri atas: B1 (sebar di arealkanopi), B2 (sebar dalam alur ring), dan B3 (tugal pada 4 sisi tanaman).Dosis pupuk pada tahun pertama dan kedua diberikan masing-masing 67dan 83% dari dosis penuh yang diberikan pada tahun ketiga. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial, diulang 4kali dengan ukuran plot 20 tan/perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur adalahtinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun dan lebar tajuk. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada fase pertumbuhan tanaman umur 1tahun di lapangan tidak terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan cara peletakanpupuk. Pengaruh interaksi baru terlihat setelah tanaman berumur 2 tahun,yaitu dengan penggunaan NPK dosis pupuk 62,5 g/ph/th yang ditempatkanpada alur ring (B2) menghasilkan pertumbuhan jumlah daun yang terbaik,yaitu sebanyak 316,7 helai, meskipun hasilnya tidak berbeda nyata denganpenggunaan NPK dosis 25 g/ph/th yang disebar sekitar ring (B1) atau tugalpada 4 sisi tanaman (B3) dengan hasil masing-masing 303,8 dan 302,6helai daun/ph/th. Pada umur 3 tahun juga tidak terlihat adanya pengaruhinteraksi di antara perlakuan.Kata kunci : Kayumanis, Cinnamomum burmanii Robx, pemupukan,pertumbuhan, Sumatera BaratABSTRACTEffect of dosage and stoppage area of fertilizer for thegrowth of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii ROBX)A field trial was conducted at the Laing Experimental Garden,Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Solok, WestSumatra from the years 2002 to 2004. The objective of the research was tofind out the best dosage and stoppage area of fertilizer for the growth ofcinnamon. The treatment tested were (A) dosage of NPK, comprised ofA1= 15, A2= 30 A3= 45 A4=60, and A5= 75 g/plant/year which wereapplied gradually in the 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd . (B) stoppage area of fertilizerconsisting of : B1 (spread under canopy area), B2 (spread in the at canopycircle, and B3 (spotted at 4 points at canopy circle frontier). The researchused a randomized block design, with two factors, and 2 replications and20 plants/treatment. The parameters observed were plant height, diameter,number of leaves and wide of canopy. The results showed that on the firstyear there was no interaction between fertilizer dosage and stoppage areaon the growth of cinnamon. The interaction between them was seen atsecond year where the treatment of 62.5 g NPK/plant/year which wereplaced on the ring (B2) produced the highest number of leaves 316.7, butthis was not significantly different compared to the treatment of 25g/plant/year which was spread on the ring (B1) and spotted at 4 points(B3) which produced 303.8 and 302.6 leaves/plant/year. At the 3 rd yearthere was no interaction between the two factors either.Key words : Cinnamon, Cinnamomum burmanii Robx, fertilizer,growth, West Sumater
RESPON EMPAT KELAPA HIBRIDA HARAPAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK PUCUK DAN GUGUR BUAH
No full textResponse of four new coconut hybrids to bud rot and premature nutfull diseasesThe objective of Ihe experiment was to find out Ihe resistance of four new coconut hybrids GRA x DMT. GKB x DMT, GKN x DTE. GKB x DTE against bud rol and premature nutfall diseases due lo Phytophthora palmivora. The field observation on bud rot was conducted in coconut trial plots at Kima Atas experimental garden. Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province for 4 years (1995-1998). The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 treatments (4 coconut hybrids. 2 control) and 60 replicates The experiment under laboratory condilion was conducted to know the artificial infection development of P palmivora on coconut nut The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments (4 coconut hybrids, 2 control) and 10 replicates. The result of the field observation showed that percentage of coconut infection by bud rot per cultivar were PB-121 (23.33%) as the highest and then followed by GKN x DTE (8.33%), KHINA-1 (5.0%) and GKB x DMT (3.33%) while cultivars of GKB x DTE and GRA x DMT unlil 4 years observation were not infected by bud rot In laboratory trial, Ihe growth rate of pathogen was very high on KHINA-1 (12.62 mm2/day). The growth rate of pathogen in GKB x DIE and GRA x DMT were slowest (8 9 mm'/day) while those in PB- 121, GKN x Dll and GKB x DMT were moderate (9-10.2 mm2/day)
PERANAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP POPULASI Helopeltis spp. dan Sanurus indecora PADA JAMBU METE
Get PDFABSTRAKUntuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap tingkatserangan serangga hama utama pada pertanaman jambu mete telahdilakukan penelitian di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Pengamatan padatanaman contoh telah dilaksanakan selama musim kemarau dan musimhujan dari bulan Juni 2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005 di dua tempat yangberbeda keadaannya yaitu Desa Tanah Sebang dan Sambik Jengkel.Keduanya terletak di Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat.Dari masing-masing lokasi diamati 40 tanaman contoh secara acak, 20 daripertanaman monokultur dan 20 dari pola tanam campuran jambu metedengan tanaman lainnya. Variabel yang diamati adalah (a) populasiHelopeltis spp. per tanaman, (b) populasi Sanurus indecora per tanaman,(c) banyaknya pucuk terserang Helopeltis spp., (d) banyaknya pucukterserang S. indecora, (e) banyaknya koloni semut per pohon, (f)persentase telur yang terparasit, (g) suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujanharian, (h) jenis tanaman sela yang menjadi tanaman inang alternatif hama,(i) banyaknya musuh/gulma di sekeliling tanaman, (j) jumlah bungahermaprodit dan buah jadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitasserangan dan populasi Helopeltis spp. dan S. indecora jambu meteberbeda antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Pada musim kemarau,hanya sisa-sisa serangan Helopeltis spp. pada pucuk yang kelihatan,populasi tidak ditemukan. Populasi S. indecora selalu ada selama musimkemarau. Pada musim hujan yaitu bulan Januari sampai Maret, pucukmulai muncul, populasi dan serangan Helopeltis spp. mulai kelihatan.Tingkat serangan kedua hama tersebut berbeda antara lokasi Tanah Sebangdan Sambik Jengkel. Di Tanah Sebang, persentase pucuk yang diserang S.indecora (23,1%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pucuk yang diserangHelopeltis (3,8-7,4%), sedang di Sambik Jengkel persentase pucuk yangdiserang Helopeltis spp (43,8-54,6%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan S.indecora (11,5-22,3%). Faktor utama yang memegang peranan adalahtanaman inang alternatif yang berada pada pola tanam campuran, iklimmikro (suhu, kelembaban dan radiasi matahari) serta interaksi antara S.indecora, Helopeltis spp. dan semut predator.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale, faktor lingkungan,Helopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, populasi, Nusa TenggaraBaratABSTRACTRole of environment factors on the population ofHelopeltis Spp. and Sanurus indecora on cashewplantationAn experiment to find out the effect of environment factors on theattack of insect pests on cashew plantation was carried out in WestLombok District, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The experiment wasconducted in hot and rainy seasons from June 2004 to March 2005 in twolocations : Tanah Sebang and Sambik Jengkel. These were located in thesame district (Kecamatan Kayangan, West Lombok District). In 40 sampleplants were observed : 20 from monoculture and 20 from polyculture(mixed cropping). The variables observed were (a) Helopeltis populationper plant (b) S. indecora population per plant, (c) number of shootsattacked by Helopeltis, (d) number of shoots attacked by. S. indecora, (e)number of ant colonies per plant, (f) percentage of eggs parasitoid, (g)temperature, relative humidity, daily raindrops, (h) type of intercrops asalternative hosts, (i) litters or weeds surrounding the plantation, (j) numberof hermaphrodite flowers and fruits. The research result showed that thepopulation and damage intensity were different between hot and rainyseasons. In dry season, only the symptom of Helopeltis damage was seen.The population S. indecora always existed during the dry season. In therainy season from January to March, shoots started to appear, also thepopulation of Helopeltis. The injury level was different between those twoinsects. At Tanah Sebang the shoots attacked by S. indecora was 23.1%higher than that of Helopeltis (3.8-7.4%), while in Sambik Jengkel, theshoots attacked by Helopeltis was (43.8-54.6%) higher than that of S.indecora (11.5-22.3%). The main factors played roles in the environmentwere alternate hosts, micro climate and interaction between S. indecora,Helopeltis spp. and predator ants.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, environment factorsHelopeltis spp., Sanurus indecora, population, West NusaTenggar
KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI KENAF TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne spp)
Get PDFABSTRAKNematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne spp.) merupakan penyakit yangtergolong penting dan banyak menyerang pertanaman kenaf di lahanpengembangan maupun perbenihan sehingga banyak menimbulkankerugian bagi petani karena terjadi penurunan produktivitas. Salah satucara untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakanvarietas tahan. Evaluasi plasma nutfah merupakan tahap awal untukmengetahui potensi yang ada pada tiap-tiap aksesi yang nantinya bisadipergunakan sebagai sumber gen ketahanan. Kegiatan untuk mengetahuitingkat ketahanan 23 aksesi kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) dan 3 aksesikerabat liarnya (Hibiscus asetosela dan Hibiscus radiatus) terhadapserangan nematoda puru akar (NPA) dilakukan di rumah kaca danlaboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang padabulan Agustus - Desember 2003. Penelitian mengacu pada Metode Taylordan Sasser yang dimodifikasi, sedangkan penilaian tingkat ketahanan jmenggunakan metode Canto-Saenz. Benih kenaf ditanam dalam pollybagberisi media tanah-pasir-pupuk kandang seberat 10 kg dengan perban-dingan 5:3:2, diulang 10 kali. Pada umur 15 hari setelah tanam, tanamandiinokulasi dengan massa larva Meloidogyine spp stadium dua sebanyak 40 larvaper 100 ml tanah (atau 4000 larva per polybag). Pengamatan dilakukan pada30 hari setelah inokulasi atau 45 hari setelah tanam, yaituterhadapjumlah puru akar, populasi larva NPA dalamtanah dan akar, sertatinggi dan diameter batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semuaaksesi kenaf (H. cannabinus) tidak tahan terhadap serangan NPA, namun tigaaksesi dari kerabat liamya, yaitu SSRH/1010 H (H. asetosela),SSRH/1023 H (H. asetosela) dan Kal II (H. radiatus) memiliki sifat tahanterhadap NPA Ketiga aksesi tersebut diharapkan bisa dipergunakan sebagaitetua tahan nematoda puru akar pada persilangan interspesifik dengan kenafkomersial.Kata kunci : Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus, plasma nutfah, penyakit ketahanan, nematoda puru akarABSTRACTResistance of kenaf accessions to root knot nematodes Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) is the main pest of kenafboth the field and nursery. This reduced kenaf farmer's income because itdecreased the productivity. One of the solutions to eliminate this problemis utilization of resistant variety. Evaluation of germplasm is one of themethods to identify tolerant accessions to root knot nematode. Theexperiment aimed to screen the level of resistance of kenaf and allied fibreaccessions to root knot nematodes (RKN). The activity was conducted at thelaboratory and the green house of Indonesian Research Institute for Tobacco andFibre Crops, Malang from August to December 2003. Theexperiment used modified Taylor and Sasser method, while to determinelevel of plant resistance used Canto-Saenz method. Kenaf seeds were plantedin polybags consisting of media soil-sand-cattle manure 10 kgpolybag with both in the replicated ten times. Number of RKN larvaetested were 40 larvae/l00 ml soil or 4000 larvae/polybag, which wereinoculated 15 days after planting. Observation was done 30 days afterinoculation or 45 days after planting on the numbers of galls on root,population of RKN in the soil and root, plant height and stem diameter.Research result showed that three accessions from allied fibre of kenaf,namely SSRH/1010 H (H. asetosela), SSRH/1023 H (H. asetosela) and Kal II(H. radiatus) were resistant to RKN, while, all of 23 accessions of kenaf (H.cannabinus) were susceptible to highly susceptible to RKN. There threeaccessions can be used as resostant parent on inter specific hybridization
BIOLOGI Aspidomorpha miliaris, F. PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAUN GAMBIR
No full textAspidomorpha miliaris. F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) termasuk hama penting pada tanaman Ipomoeaceae, Convolvulaceae dan Cucurbitaceae yang pengendalian populasinya perlu diarahkan memakai insektisida botanis, mengingat produk dai tanaman ini umumnya bcroricntasi pangan. Gambir (Uncaria gambir, Roxb), merupakan salah satu tanaman sumber bahan pestisida botanis yang potensial, karena daun tanaman ini mengandung senyawa kimia berupa catechin, tannin catecu (tannat), querchitin dan beberapa senyawa lainnya. Sehubungan dengan itu lelah dilakukan penelitian tentang aspek biologis A. miliaris pada beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak daun gambir di Kebun Percobaan Laing Solok mulai bulan Juli 2001 sampai Januari 2002. Penelitian memakai rancangan acak lengkap dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan adalah ekstrak daun gambir konsentrasi 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 7500 ppm dan lanpa ekstrak (0 ppm) sebagai kontrol. Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase kematian larva, pupa dan imago, persentase penetasan telur dan emcrgensi pupa, fckunditi imago, penurunan volume makan dan panjang siklus hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun gambir mcmiliki sifat insektisidal yang baik sehingga mampu mempengaruhi aspek biologis dari serangga A. miliaris. Dalam konsentrasi 5000 ppm dan 7500 ppm bahan ini dapat menyebabkan kematian terhadap larva instar III, IV, V, VI sebesar 65.20%, 62.00%, 55.20%, 46.80% dan 79.40%, 74.20%, 67.80%, 57.00%. Kedua konsentrasi juga mampu meningkatkan kematian imago 6.85% dan 7.15% menekan persentase penetasan lelur (18.09% dan 21.94%) dan emergensi pupa (16.72% dan 20.82%). Di samping itu konsentrasi diatas dapal menekan volume makan larva dan imago, mempengaruhi masa prcreproduktif dan tingkat fckunditi imago seta memperpanjang siklus hidup.Kata kunci: Uncaria gambir Roxb., insektisida botanis, ekstrak daun, Aspidomorpha miliaris, F., aspek biologis ABSTRACTBiology of Aspidomorpha miliaris F. at several concen¬ trations ofgambier leavesextractAspidomorpha Miliaris F. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is an impotant pest in Ipomoeaceae, convolvulaceae and cucurbitaceae plants. Their population need to be controlled by using botanical insecticide, consideing thai the product from these plants usually be oiented to food. Gambier (Uncaria gambier.Roxb), is a potential source for botanical pesticide, because the leaves contain chemical compounds in the form of catechin, lannin catecu (tannat), querchitin and some other compounds. In connection with that, the research on biologycal aspects of A. millions at some concentration of gambier leaf extract was done in KP. Laing Solok from July 2001 lo January 2002. The research used a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The concentration of gambir leaf extracts were 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000. 5000, 7500 ppm. 0 ppm as control The paiiiineleis oliseivcd were laivac motality, pupae and Imago, egg exlotion and pupae emergency, imago fecundity, the decrease of eating volume and life cycles. The research result showed that gambier leaf extract had good inseciicidallity and was able to influence the biology aspect A. miliaris insect. At the concentration of 5000 ppm and 7500 ppm this extract caused mortality to the larva instar III, IV, V, VI as much as 65.20% 62.00%, 55.20% 46.80% and 79.40%, 74.20%, 67.80%, 57.00%. Both the concentraions also were able (o increase (he imago motality 6.85% and 7.15%, pressed down the egg exlosion percentage and pupae emergency 18.09% and 21.94% and 16.72% and 20.82%. Besides these concentrations above could press down larvae and imago eating volume, influences the prareproductive period and the imago fecundity level and life cycles.Key words: Uncaria gambir Roxb., botanical insecticide, leaf extract, Aspidomorpha miliaris F., biological aspec
POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS IN INDUCING PLANT RESISTANCE ON GINGER AGAINST BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE
Get PDFABSTRACTBacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the mostdestructive diseases on ginger. The aim of this study was to evaluate thepotential use of five different medicinal plants extracts (Acalypha indica,Andrographis paniculata, Centella asiatica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, andSpinosa oleracea) as sources of plant resistance inducer compounds(elicitor) against bacterial wilt disease on ginger. Salicylic acid was usedas a standard synthetical compound, as well as, water as a controltreatment. The study was conducted at the Indonesian Spice and MedicinalCrops Research Institute, Bogor in 2010-2011. Research was conducted inCompletely Randomized Design that consisted of 7 treatments, 3replicates, and 10 plants/ replicate. Ginger seeds were planted in a mixtureof soil and manure in polybags. One-month old ginger plants were sprayedor drenched with each of the medicinal plant extract before and after R.solanacearum inoculation. This experiment indicated that the medicinalplant extracts tested were effective in reducing wilt disease incidence onginger. Their effectiveness varied depended on the plant species and theapplication method used. Among those five medicinal plant extracts tested,A. indica, A. paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were the most stable andeffective. Their effectiveness were comparable with the standardcompound of salicylic acid. This finding indicated that A. indica, A.paniculata, and C. xanthorrhiza were potentially used as sources ofbotanical elicitor compounds. The use of those medicinal plant extracts assources of botanical elicitor, hopefully could increase ginger resistance andrhizome production, as well as reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.Keywords: Medicinal plant extracts, elicitor compounds, inducedresistance, ginger, wilt diseaseABSTRAKLayu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearummerupakan salah satu penyakit yang merusak tanaman jahe. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi lima jenis ekstrak tanaman obat(akar kucing, sambiloto, pegagan, temulawak, dan bayam duri) sebagaisumber senyawa penginduksi ketahanan (elisitor) tanaman jahe terhadappenyakit layu. Pada penelitian ini digunakan asam salisilat sebagaisenyawa sintetik standard dan air sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor padatahun 2010-2011. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 7 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan 10tanaman/ ulangan. Rimpang jahe ditanam pada media campuran tanah danpupuk kandang di dalam polibeg. Jahe umur satu bulan disemprot ataudisiram dengan ekstrak tanaman obat sebelum dan setelah diinokulasi R.solanacearum. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak tanamanobat yang diuji efektif dapat mengurangi kejadian penyakit layu padatanaman jahe. Efektivitas dari tanaman tersebut bervariasi tergantung darispesies tanaman dan cara aplikasinya. Diantara kelima tanaman obat yangdiuji, akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawak paling stabil dan efektifdalam mengurangi terjadinya penyakit layu. Efektivitas dari ketigatanaman obat tersebut sama dengan senyawa asam salisilat. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa akar kucing, sambiloto, dan temulawakberpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai sumber senyawa elisitor botanis.Penggunaan ekstrak tanaman obat sebagai sumber elisitor botanisdiharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman dan produksi jaheserta mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sintetik.Kata kunci: Ekstrak tanaman, senyawa elisitor, induksi ketahanan, jahe,penyakit layu